On October 16, 1964, there was a loud noise over Lop Nur and a huge mushroom cloud shot straight into the sky. Hundreds of kilometers away, people can feel its great power. For this day, Chinese people have made countless efforts. When Professor Cheng Kaijia reported the good news to Beijing, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou were particularly pleased. Since then, China has broken the nuclear blackmail of Western countries, and our backbone has stood up straighter.
For a long time, Chinese be able to develop an atomic bomb? This has caused great controversy at home and abroad. Some people say that China is still in a state of poverty and whiteness. In order to develop the nuclear program, we gave up people's livelihood and technology. This doesn't work.
At that time, Mr. Jin Yong, the founder of Hong Kong's Ming Pao, held such a view. In front of a large number of media, he even said publicly: "What is the use of the atomic bomb, it is better to make more pants to wear." As soon as these words came out, many people looked at Marshal Chen Yi. How did Chen Yi deal with it? For the sake of the atomic bomb, should we "take off" our pants?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > atomic bomb</h1>
In 1954, Yang Chengzong, a Chinese-American radiologist, returned to China. In Zhongnanhai, he and his wife were warmly received by great people. Between the conversations, Yang Chengzong talked about the words of his mentor Jolio Curie (the daughter of Marie Curie). Ms. Joliot relayed to Chairman Mao: "If you want to oppose nuclear weapons, you must possess them. After hearing this, the great man thought about it. In the Korean War, we were blackmailed more than once. Is the atomic bomb a paper tiger? Chinese is also unclear.
Great men often say, "Strategically despise the enemy, tactically value the enemy." "We are not afraid of atomic bombs, but we must also work hard to build them." In February 1955, china launched a nuclear research program code-named 02. Soon, Deng Jiaxian, Yu Min and other backbone scientists were selected. Without adequate funds and generous rewards, the older generation of intellectuals did their best to embark on the journey without hesitation. Leading a group of young students, Deng Jiaxian and others used the abacus to beat the data. They take root in the northwest, far from their loved ones, and dedicate their personal youth.
At the same time, Nie Shuai was appointed by the great man as the head of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and General Zhang Aihua was assisted by him. The whole country is united and united. From between our teeth, we save money and invest in a steady stream of nuclear programs. In 1960, three years of natural disasters occurred. Coinciding with the political situation in the Soviet Union, It was difficult for China to obtain foreign aid. Amid internal and external difficulties, China's nuclear program has also reached an impasse.
The development of the atomic bomb is extremely difficult. In order to promote the progress, China's scientific researchers have adopted a two-way approach. On the one hand, the backbone personnel headed by Deng Jiaxian attacked the theory. After opening up the design ideas, we carried out verification, exploration, and proposed a feasible engineering plan. On the other hand, China's geological experts travel from place to place, using rudimentary equipment to find uranium ore. Chinese really painstakingly devoted himself to the development of nuclear weapons. The West has built layers of blockades, not to mention getting relevant information, and even buying experimental equipment is difficult to carry out. Later, the Soviets withdrew the experts and took the drawings.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > difficulties and uncertainties</h1>
In such a complex project, our researchers forge ahead and strive to be strong. At the age of less than 40, Deng Jiaxian had white hair. In the years of disaster, the Lop Nur test site was even more food in short supply. The northwest road is far away, and it is difficult to transport fresh vegetables and meat. Sometimes, only two meals a day are guaranteed. Even so, Chinese did not give in. None of us thought about giving up. In 1962, the development of the atomic bomb entered a critical period. In the experiment, large sums of money and resources are continuously invested. Including the mining of uranium ore, the processing of uranium balls and the design of test explosion procedures, this needs to be explored step by step.
The so-called experiment is to practice the journey of the unknown. When our intellectuals fought, the Party Central Committee also gave the greatest support. A group of leading cadres lowered themselves to food, resolutely refrained from eating non-staple foods, and sent the saved things to the northwest. In the army and in the localities, soldiers and civilians voluntarily donated food and cloth. At the test site, Nie Shuai personally took people to hunt yaks (add meat). At that time, China's nuclear weapons program was no secret. But in the eyes of the Western media, this is a big joke.
The manufacture of atomic bombs not only requires the most cutting-edge scientific research technology, but also requires abundant national strength and financial support. To develop the atomic bomb, the United States mobilized more than 20,000 scientists, dispatched hundreds of thousands of troops, and spent tens of billions of dollars. The Soviet Union even poured out its national strength, snatching top experts from Eastern Europe, cooperating with the spy system for reconnaissance, and supported by tens of thousands of arsenals. Therefore, no one believes that China can succeed in its development.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > whether to "nucleate" or "pants"</h1>
In 1963, amid a round of ridicule in the Western media, Chinese Foreign Minister Chen Yi issued a solemn promise: "Even if we drop our pants, we will also build a nuclear (atomic bomb)." "At that time, China's atomic bomb research already had eyebrows. As soon as this remark came out, many people were also surprised. But it spread to Hong Kong, and the British colonial forces spread rumors. On this topic, they make a big fuss and slander the Chinese government for not caring about the people's livelihood. Soon, Mr. Jin Yong expressed his opinion that he was not in favor of the development of nuclear weapons by the motherland. In the case of limited financial resources of the state, it is even more necessary to invest in education, medical care and other welfare undertakings.
In this way, a debate around "pants" and "cores" began in Hong Kong. "Ming Pao" takes Mr. Jin Yong as the main force and insists on refuting "nuclear", while Wen Wei Po and Xinmin Evening News support "nuclear". The war of words among the literati was endless, and people from all walks of life appeared one after another. On October 16, 1964, when the atomic bomb really exploded in Lop Nur , the Hong Kong literary scene fell silent again. It is a national blessing to be able to join the ranks of nuclear powers. This news spread all over the world, as long as it was Chinese, they were all excited.
Since then, Mr. Jin Yong has been silent. On the mainland side, in fact, someone had already handed the Ming Pao to Marshal Chen Yi. After reading Jin Yong's article, Mr. Chen laughed and said: "The conversation of "wanting a core and no pants" is somewhat one-sided and absolute, and it should be combined with the editorial of Mr. Cha of Ming Pao, so that it will be comprehensive.
Marshal Chen Yi said: The common people do not have enough to eat and wear warm clothes, what kind of national dignity is there? Besides, with a nucleus, how can you fight without pants! In the future, we will strive to have both pants and cores! When I say pants, of course, it is a metaphor, that is, to achieve Chinese have enough food and clothing, and there is a small nuclear bomb in his hand. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > conclusion</h1>
Later, just when the media such as Wen Wei Po were preparing to take advantage of the victory to pursue, Mr. Chen took the initiative to stop it. This broad-mindedness has also been recognized by Jin Yong. In 1983, when asked how to evaluate Chen Yi, Jin Yong praised: "The personality is bold, the heart is straight and fast, and it is admirable."