Cheng Tang is the 14th generation leader of the Yin Shang family. He led his people to conquer twenty-two countries, thus establishing the position of the Yin Shang tribe in the whole world, and then led these tribes to a decisive battle with the then world leader Xia Jie, defeated Xia Jie, exiled to Naruto, and established the Yin Shang Dynasty.
The Shang Dynasty was an era of many fang states, and the external form of the state was the alliance of fang states. The Fang State of the Shang Dynasty is called "a certain party", "many parties", "bangfang", etc. in the Yin Ruins oracle bones, and the titles of the leaders of the Fang state are "Hou", "Bo", "Bangbo", "Ren", "Tian" and so on. Most of these fang states evolved from the independent development of various tribes, and lacked internal ties with the Shang Kingdom, so they had a strong independence. The relationship between the various states and the Shang Kingdom was complicated, some were always enemies, some surrendered or rebelled, and some had long-term alliances. The Shang Dynasty was not a unified country, but a loose alliance with the Shang Kingdom as the main body, and the Relationship between the Shang Kingdom and the various states was not the relationship between the central dynasty and the local government, but the relationship between the state and the country.
For the leaders of other fang states, the Shang King had the nature of an ally. The power of the Shang Emperor depended on the rise and fall of the Shang Kingdom's power. Only when the political and economic strength was strong, the Shang Kingdom was able to override the Fang Kingdom, like the Central Kingdom, and the Shang Emperor could exercise royal power as the head of the princes and the lord of the alliance, and support the leaders of the Fang Kingdom in the tone of the command. Such commands are called "call" or "order" and so on. There are many records of the Shang kings "calling" and "ordering" a certain hou and a certain uncle in Yin Xubu's speech, indicating that the Shang king has a certain degree of control over these parties. The strongest Zhou in the West also nominally recognized the Shang king as the co-lord of the world.
The Zhou people were a small tribe from the Western Land of Yidi, who made a living by cultivating crops, and this habit of life allowed his tribal members and the surrounding Yidi tribes to live in peace, after all, the stability of agriculture and the ability to store crops allowed them to survive stably, which was different from the hunting, nomadic and commercial clan tribes could not achieve. However, what agriculture needs most is stability, but the surrounding tribes are constantly harassing, so that the Zhou tribe also has to move inland, and finally move to the place of Qishan to settle down. The Zhou people learned the customs of the Central Plains, built the city pool palace, and set up five senses and divisions. The ancestor of the Western Zhou Dynasty is called Renunciation, and the totem is a flying bird.
During the reign of Shang Wuding, the Zhou people were conquered by the princes led by Wuding's wife, Lady Hao, and submitted to the merchants, accepted the merchant's knighthood, carried out the merchant's orders, and honored the merchant's sacrifice. The oracle bones excavated from the Yin Ruins are mostly recorded in wudingshi "ordering a certain clan to cut down the zhou", "ordering the zhou to wait", and "ordering the zhou", but the zhou was not the internal servants of the Yin merchants, but the Fang Bo. Most of the princes of the internal service were allies of Yin Shang, while Fang Boduo was an enemy of Yin Shang. Therefore, King Wu Yi of Shang personally conquered the Zhou people, but died in the middle of it. The history books record that "Wu Yi hunted between the rivers and Wei, and the thunder shook to death."
After Wu Ding's death, Yin Was in decline, and the Zhou people raised troops to unify the surrounding areas and gradually invaded the east, while the merchants could not control it. The merchants then adopted a policy of "peace and affinity", marrying imperial women to Ji Li and giving birth to a son, Ji Chang. Ji Li was imprisoned and died while visiting Yin Shang while visiting Yin Shang. Emperor Yi then married his sister to Ji Chang.
Western Zhou arrived at Ji Chang's generation, and the national strength became stronger and stronger. He obeyed the laws of his ancestors, respected the elderly and loved the young, honored corporals, did not eat lunch every day to recruit useful talents from all over the world, and also set up a nursing home to accumulate virtue and do good. Why the "History Book" frequently praised Xi Bohou's "good pension" move, because at that time, the tribes mostly lived on safari, and the safari tribes adhered to the jungle principle, and one of its important characteristics was "noble and strong and old and weak".
The measure of "old-age care" can only be implemented in areas with great development of agricultural civilization and relatively abundant material products, so it is very worthwhile to write a special book at that time. It was this move that aroused the vigilance of King Yin (the son of Emperor Yi), who had once again established the authority of the princes, and he followed the advice of a prince named Chonghou Hu and imprisoned Xi Bohou. The facts after that confirmed the necessity of this vigilance of the King of Sui: Jiang Shang, the right-hand man of the Western Zhou Keshang, was the one who came to defect thousands of miles after hearing about the "good old-age care" of the Marquis of Xibo.
Ji Chang was imprisoned by King Yin, his life and death unknown, so he thought of Bu Yibu's own fate, and Bu Zheng's theoretical basis was the I Ching. The I Ching is divided into the Guizang Sutra and the Lianshan Jing. "Returning to Tibet" means that all things are hidden in the earth, and "Lian Shan" means that everything is like a mountain out of the clouds, endlessly.
The original meaning of easy is lizard, easy to pass lizard. "Explanation of Words": Lizard Yi, Shougong Ya, Pictogram. Lizards, also known as "chameleons", can change a variety of different body colors as the environment changes.
The Shuowen Jiezi also says, "Those who are in the middle of the ze are said to be easy to lice." Ze is in the water, and the lizards in the water are crocodiles, that is, dragons. Crocodiles are also very good at camouflage, and their whole body is hidden in the water, which looks like a dead wood from the surface of the water, which is very confusing.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao Liu Bei Qingmei boiled wine, and Cao Cao had an excellent description of the dragon: the dragon can be powerful and small, and it can rise and hide; the big is the cloud and the fog, and the small is hidden; the rise is soaring between the universes, and the hidden is lurking in the waves. This spring is deep, the dragon changes in time, and the Jews are ambitious and across the sea.
The biggest feature of the dragon is "multiplication time change". Therefore, easy means change, and the I Ching is the study of "change".
Ji Chang studied the I Ching for seven years and realized the eight gua xiang, which were later called Zhou Yi Bagua.
One point that needs special attention is that King Wen's interpretation of gossip is carried out in the prison, and his every move is closely watched by King Yin. King Lu was a brilliant man, he was very eloquent, and he could explain any problem clearly and quickly. He has a strong ability to learn, and his ability to accept new things is quite strong, which is different from ordinary people. He is also very skilled in martial arts, and can kill beasts with his bare hands. He felt that all his subordinates were inferior to him, and that he was a genius.
Therefore, Ji Chang's Zhou Yi Gossip is, in a sense, his "letter of guarantee and allegiance" to King Yin. His father Ji Li was imprisoned and tragically killed by Wen Ding, the grandfather of the King of Sui, and according to some historians, it is likely that he was killed by the Yin people to sacrifice the heavens. Just when Ji Chang was in prison, his eldest son Bo Yikao, the legal heir of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was also summoned into the imperial song by the King of Sui, killed and stewed into broth, and also brought a bowl for Ji Chang to drink, Ji Chang did not have any sorrow, and drank it silently, and also said that it was very delicious.
Therefore, the main purpose of King Wen's role in Zhou Yi was to enable himself to escape from the heavens and not to follow in the footsteps of his father and eldest son. The famous historian Fu Sinian once said, "King Wu is fierce and deceitful, and King Wen has calculations." "Zhou Yi" is a "book of calculation" by King Wen of Zhou.
Let's try to give two examples.
The first gua, the dry gua. Qian is heavenly, strong and healthy, symbolizes the gentleman of both moral integrity and ability, indicates prosperity and strength, and teaches people to obey the heavenly path according to the principle of all things being flexible.
Qian, Yuan, Heng, Li, Zhen.
Yuan, Shiye; Heng, Tongye; Li, Andye; Zhen, Zhengye. Ji Chang went straight to the point and confessed to King Yin that he had no intention of rebelling against the Shang Dynasty from the beginning, and that everything he did was to be loyal to the imperial court, that the Zhou And Shang states were countries that coexisted peacefully, and that he was an upright and obedient person.
Ninth Grade: Don't use the Hidden Dragon.
The hidden dragon is a crocodile lurking in the water, which is easy to lizard as mentioned above. This sentence means that he is just a dragon lurking in the water, without any non-division.
Ninety-two: See the dragon in the field, see the lord.
The adult here is the magnate in the Yin Shang Dynasty. After king Huan was imprisoned, Jiang Ziya and San Yisheng actively ran to "fish" him out. Ji Chang was also thinking about how to make good relations with these adults in prison, so that they could say good things to themselves and the King of Lu, so as to dispel the suspicion of the King of Lu. Later, he was released by these "adults" of the dynasty to the King of Lu, including king Huan's brother Wei Ziqi and king Huan's uncle Bigan.
Ninety-three: A gentleman is dry all day long, and he is not guilty.
When Ji Chang connected with the "adults", it was when the King of Lu made up his mind whether to let him go, and at this time, every move he made must be doubly careful, and he must pay special attention to every word and deed, and must not make any slight mistakes. Trembling, like approaching the abyss, like walking on thin ice.
Nine-Four: Or jump in the abyss, no blame.
The adults are going better outside, and they can have a little bit of positive action.
Ninety-five: The flying dragon is in the sky, and it is good to see the lord.
The adult here is undoubtedly the King of Yin. After running in many ways, king Huan saw that Ji Chang really did not have the heart to rebel, and decided to summon him personally, and finally see his performance. Ji Chang expressed to king Huan that the Zhou kingdom "although there are two of the three worlds, it still submits to the Shang" and will never rebel, and the king is very happy.
Part 9: The dragon has regrets.
Many people have misunderstood this sentence. This was the humble attitude of King Wen of Zhou who showed submission to King Huan after he changed his attitude. The hieroglyph of the character 桎 (an ancient instrument of torture propped between the legs) between the legs of a person is the first text of the "shackle". The dragon has remorse, which means that my dragon who was locked in a cell expressed a very painful repentance for the mistakes of the past, I was wrong, and I will definitely change my past mistakes when I go back.
After Ji Chang was released from prison on bail by his clan as a "beautiful woman and strange thing and a good horse", he returned to the Zhou Kingdom, the atmosphere did not dare to come out, and supervised the construction of a jade gate, and a spiritual platform was built next to the jade gate, and some girls were selected, and they hit the bell and drum every day to repent of their mistakes. Of course, this was something ji Chang had specially made for the King of Lu to see, so that the King of Lu could rest assured, "waiting for the loss of the King".
There is also a gua: gui sister.
Sixth five, Emperor Yi returned to his sister, and his king's song was not as good as his concubine's;
Emperor Yi was the father of King Yin, and Emperor Yi's sister, who was the partial chamber of King Wen of Zhou (the mother of King Wu of Zhou), had died at this time. Gui sister, that is, Emperor Yi married his sister to Ji Chang. His Junzhi Gong is not as good as Qidi's Gongliang, which means that Ji Chang's clothes in the main room are not as beautiful and beautiful as the clothes in the side room. A few months, Yoshi. That is to say, spend a good full moon night, we are married on an auspicious day.
The Book of Poetry and The Great Ming faithfully records the solemnity of this marriage: the heavenly prison is under the heavens, and there is a collection of destiny. King Wen was born, a match made in heaven. In the Yang of Qia, in the Wei Zhi Wei. King Wen Jiazhi, Dabang has a son. Dabang has a son, the sister of The Heavenly Father. Wen Ding was auspicious and greeted Yu Wei. The boat is made as a beam, and its light is not revealed.
This passage is to say: God is observing the world in heaven, and the mandate of heaven in King Wen is concentrated. When he was still young, the Emperor made a good marriage for him. King Wen welcomed the north of the water, just on the bank of the Weishui River. King Wen is preparing for the wedding and has a beautiful girl. Yin Shang, this beautiful girl, looked like a celestial being. Bu Ci indicated that the marriage was very auspicious, and Prince Wen was ushered in by The Weishui River. The boats are connected as bridges to cross the river, and the wedding ceremony is very honorable.
Why did Ji Chang say in his words about marrying his daughter-in-law? There is no doubt that it was also written for the King of Lu. King Wen meant, when I married your aunt, how beautiful it was, my wife's clothes were not as good as your aunt's clothes, and our Zhou Kingdom has always been very loyal to Yin Shang. Now the heir of the Zhou Kingdom is your aunt's own son Ji Fa, what else are you not at ease? (Bo Yi Kao was born to Ji Changzheng's wife, that is, consort, and King Wu was shu out.) After Bo Yikao's death, King Wu established himself as heir. ）
Clouds and so on, and so on.
Therefore, if you want to understand "Zhou Yi", the key is to pay attention to two points. First, the first reader of this book is King Yin, who was written for King Yin. Second, the book writes a lot of history of the Shang and Zhou states, which needs to be deeply explored. As the first of the Five Classics, Zhou Yi is first and foremost a history book, and the Book of Poetry, the Book of Shang, the Book of Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Are all history books, and the I Ching is no exception. I can't understand the history of that time, and there is no difference between wood and fish.
A thousand years after the Zhou Yi was written, Confucius, a descendant of Yin Shang, studied the book. Confucius said, "I learned it easily at fifty." Teacher Kong only began to study Zhou Yi at the age of fifty when he knew the Destiny of Heaven, and studied it for twenty years until he was seventy years old, seeing that there were not many days, and he did not understand it, and sighed, False Wu for several years, can be easy to say. If God could give me a few more years, I could tell you about this book. Unfortunately, only three years later, Teacher Kong passed away, and his easy-to-learn research finally did not survive.
Although his easy-to-learn research has not survived, his deeds have survived. Sima Qian told a story in the "Biography of The Disciples of Zhongni".
After the death of Confucius, the students missed him very much. If the disciple looked very much like Confucius, the students then embraced him as a teacher and treated him as if they had served Confucius.
One day, the student came in and asked: Once upon a time, when mr. Li was about to travel, he asked the students to bring rain gear, and soon it did rain. Students asked, how does the gentleman know that it is going to rain? Sir answered: Didn't the Book of Verses say that the moon clings to the bixing position, and then it will rain, and last night the moon did not stay on the bixing seat? But last night the moon also stayed on the bixing seat, but it did not rain, what do you say?
Shang Qu was old and had no sons, and his mother wanted to marry him another wife. Confucius sent him to the State of Qi, and Shang Qu's mother begged not to send him, and Confucius said, don't worry, Shang Qu will have five boys after the age of forty. It happened afterwards. How could Mr. Shang Qu know in advance that there would be five boys after Shang Qu was forty years old?
If there is silence for a long time, there is no word. The students stood up and said, "Mr. Ruo, you better avoid here, this seat is not something you can sit in."
In fact, Confucius was able to calculate whether it rained or did not fall on the old day, and Shang Qu had children or no children, which was the result of years of intensive research on "Zhou Yi".
Two thousand five hundred years after Confucius, Mr. Yu Qiuyu, a famous cultural master who was nearly ancient, also immersed himself in the study of Zhou Yi. From the winter of the year of Haihai to the spring of the year of Gengzi, the whole people stayed at home to prevent the epidemic, and the road outside the window was quiet every day. This made him think of more classical years in the classical days.
He said: Academically, I have frequently entered the jungles of the pre-Qin, and even the very difficult Laozi, Confucius, Zhuangzi, and Qu Yuan have all translated and interpreted, so which other pre-Qin mountain has yet to be climbed again? The answer is "Zhou Yi". It has always been known as the "first of the group", and it is a mysterious hill with a very high reputation. Climb this hill to be very quiet, and quiet for a long time without being disturbed. The epidemic prevention at home for the whole people provides this opportunity. My attitude in this climb is extremely religious.
He said: First of all, we must understand a simple fact, that is, "Zhou Yi" originated from divination. The ancestors of the ancient times believed in the difficult survival that the evil luck and misfortune of the world were arranged by the heavens, so they had to use some special methods to inquire into the heavens. Their usual method is to first ask a question, then drill holes in the tortoiseshell and animal bones, and then use fire to judge the answer from the cracks that burn out. Sometimes, I also pinch and transform in a handful of yarrow to find the answer. These practices are called divination.
At first glance, this method is very primitive, even very blind. However, the more the information of divination accumulated, the more a certain law was gradually revealed. Much like modern probability theory and big data, in a whole bunch of combinations of behavioral causes and effects without logic, big logic emerges and some unexpected magical secrets are discovered. The reason has not yet been found, the reason has not yet been presented, and the facts are mysteriously repeated. The higher the probability of repetition, the more attention it attracts, and in contrast, "reason" and "reason" are less important. If you insist on finding "reasons" and "reasons", you should also face big data and slowly explore and build a set of special theoretical models.
He explained Qiangua as follows: Qiangua symbolizes heaven and means "Jian". "Zhou Yi" launched "heaven" as the first proposition, which means that the overall pattern is grand, broad and strong. It is "heaven" that embraces spring, summer, autumn and winter, runs endlessly, changes endlessly, and builds up the vitality of the world. "Zhou Yi" starts with this, the pattern is high, and it can also reflect the initial awakening of Chinese culture.
The central meaning of Qiangua is the four words "Yuan, Heng, Li, and Zhen", which are called "four virtues". After repeated comparisons and long-term thinking, I decided to summarize the four words "yuan, heng, li, and zhen" into four noble characteristics: yuan - pioneering; heng - unimpeded; beneficial - beneficial; and zhen - sustainable.
With these four natures, there is the "heaven" as I understand it, and the "jian" that I understand. Everything in the world is difficult to distinguish between good and bad, but "Zhou Yi" tells us at the beginning that as long as it has pioneering, smooth, beneficial, and sustainable, that is where the vitality lies, where the hope lies, and where the future lies.
It should be noted that these four sexes, in many cases, often cannot coexist. There are innovations, but they cannot be popularized; if they are popularized, they may not be beneficial; even if they have all three, they cannot adhere to the continuation. In other words, there is "Yuan", not necessarily "Heng"; with "Yuan" and "Heng", it is not necessarily "Profit" and "Zhen". It is necessary to prepare all four items to meet the standards of "Zhou Yi".
To this end, I always remind all friends who are trying to go deep into the "Zhou Yi" Tang Ao, may wish to stay in the foyer for a little longer and remember the four words "Yuan, Heng, Li, and Zhen".
After these four words, the main text of the Qian gua appears with the number "Chu Jiu" of the Gua Yao: "Don't use the hidden dragon." The "dragon", which appears conspicuously in the Qiangua, is a symbol of a strong body, the qi of heaven and earth, and the virtue of a gentleman. Li Dingzuo of the Tang Dynasty quoted Shen Qishi in the Zhou Yi Ji Xie as saying: "He who calls the dragon is also an illusion." The qi of heaven and earth has rise and fall, the way of the gentleman has the practice of hiding, and the dragon is a thing, and it can fly and dive, so borrowing the dragon is better than the virtue of the gentleman. The ninth day of the first nine is still lurking, so don't use it. ”
Ryumoto is a mythical magical animal, and it is used as a symbol, not mainly to symbolize its supremacy, but to symbolize its flexible and changeable state of movement. Shen Xiaoshi said it well, the dragon is a dragon, it can fly and dive, it can rise and fall, and it can move and hide. Therefore, "diving" is not its helpless state, but its basic ecology. "Don't use" means don't show your skills, don't get carried away, don't show them, and don't make a fuss. When to show, it depends on the timing. The position of this rule in Qiangua is "the ninth day", which means that the time has not yet come, and the hidden state should be maintained. This is both a warning and a revelation of a great feature of the dragon.
A gentleman is dry all day long, and if he is in the sunset, he is not to blame; or he jumps in the abyss and has no blame. Yu Qiuyu translates as: Gentlemen are strong and self-reliant all day long, but at night they can be cautious and self-conscious, so that even if they encounter danger, they can avoid disasters; they can both leap up and sink into the abyss, so they can avoid disasters.
Mr. Yu Qiuyu's understanding of "Zhou Yi" is of course also a family's words, but he "solves the big pain point of contemporary people reading Zhou Yi: it is difficult to understand; distills the great value of contemporary people reading Zhou Yi: strain". Using modern concepts to teach you to grasp the core values of Zhou Yi: cognitive methods, pluralism, ideal personality, and so on.
Only by understanding the way of change can we calmly cope with the future.
This "Zhou Yi Jian Shi" is suitable for readers with zero basis to read, with the widely loved Yu style prose to tell the story, enhance the reader's thinking, temper the reader's virtue, and more Mr. Yu Qiuyu's handwritten book transcription, gilded hardcover, is a good gift for reading collection, like friends hurry to start a book to see it, click the link below to buy directly.
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