<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Author: Nerve endings</h1>
In 1975, in the comprehensive rectification presided over by Deng Xiaoping, the Rectification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the rectification of scientific and technological work. is one of the important aspects. On the recommendation of Ye Jianying and Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang was sent by the CPC Central Committee to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to preside over leadership work.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences in the special period was formed by the merger of three units: the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the State Science and Technology Commission, and the China Association for Science and Technology. Deng Xiaoping's intention was to promote and promote the rectification of the entire Chinese scientific and technological circles through the rectification of China's highest scientific research institution, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, through Hu Yaobang and others.
Deng Xiaoping said succinctly: "Rectify the Chinese Academy of Sciences and strengthen leadership." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > First, in July 1975, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the State Council's report on the Chinese Academy of Sciences to rectify and strengthen leadership</h1>
In the middle of the year, the central authorities decided to send Hu Yaobang to the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the head of the party's core group to preside over the work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and demanded that opinions be put forward as soon as possible on the issue of rectification by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After Hu Yaobang and others entered the Chinese Academy of Sciences. First of all, the leading body was straightened out, Liu Huaqing and Wang Ping were transferred, and Wu Heng and Hu Keshi were added to the leading body. At that time, President Guo Moruo was also the leader of the party's core group, but he was old and sick. The central authorities decided that Hu Yaobang would be the first deputy head of the core group and preside over the daily work of the Academy of Sciences, and Li Chang would be appointed as the deputy head of the core group to assist Hu Yaobang in his work.
After the reorganization of the core group, the phenomenon of "grasping the political and operational work" of the original core group has been changed, and administrative operations have been separated from the party's work, and administrative work meetings have been specially established, and special personnel have been assigned to the division of labor to grasp the work. The leadership of the work of the Academy of Sciences is basically concentrated in the core group, the review and appointment of cadres. Major matters such as the determination of scientific research policies are discussed and decided by the core group. Immediately after taking office, Hu Yaobang went deep into all units under the academy to find leading cadres, scientific research workers, and intellectuals at all levels to talk to each other and extensively listen to the reactions and voices of the masses.
In an extremely difficult environment, the vast number of scientific workers have a strong sense of responsibility and enthusiasm for the pursuit of truth, and insist on using all possible opportunities to carry out research work. All two scientists of Shanghai Metallurgical Research insisted on sorting out the data and past experimental data every night during the period of criticism and supervision labor, and wrote suggestions for the development of semiconductor materials in China and nearly 40,000 words of quantum chemistry papers.
Chen Jingrun of the Institute of Mathematics has overcome many difficulties and has never stopped studying the "Goldbach conjecture" problem and achieved gratifying achievements. Scientists like this, as well as in other institutes, especially many theoretical workers, have never given up on their research. It was their efforts that enabled China's scientific work to continue in extraordinary times. In these turbulent years, how they hope that the "spring of science" will come as soon as possible!
Just then, people heard the news: "The Party Central Committee has sent an old Red Army to the Academy of Sciences to preside over the work!" "Hu Yaobang has come to the Chinese Academy of Sciences!" This exciting news did not go away, and it quickly spread like a spring breeze throughout all units of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In order to grasp the situation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hu Yaobang has repeatedly held various types of forums and investigation meetings of the academy and its subordinate units to conduct in-depth investigations and studies. At the same time, we should vigorously implement the spirit of the central authorities on comprehensive rectification. Stressing that "the four modernizations and the modernization of science and technology are the key," we must make great efforts to comprehensively implement the party's policy on intellectuals and cadres, which has been warmly welcomed by the vast number of scientific and technological personnel.
He stressed many times: "We have been engaged in 54 years, and in 28 years we have done one thing, overturning three mountains." In the 26 years after liberation, a foundation of socialism was laid to ensure that the country would not change color. Now we should pursue the third great goal, along the direction of socialism, and realize the four modernizations by the end of this century. "Realizing the four modernizations" is "our great new long march."
Hu Yaobang not only grasps major issues, but also grasps "small things" that many people disdain to grasp, and attaches importance to caring for and solving the practical difficulties of scientific and technological personnel. Such as housing, nurseries, gas canisters, etc. These examples have been passed down as beautiful talk among the vast number of scientific and technological workers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > Second, in August 1975, Hu Yao presided over a symposium on science and technology planning, which was attended by responsible persons of various relevant parties</h1>
The participants stressed: In order to bring the national economy up, scientific and technological work must be in the forefront; it is necessary to give full play to the role of scientific and technological personnel and draw a clear line between giving play to the role of scientific and technological personnel and the "expert line" and the policy of studying business for the revolution and "putting technology in command." Call for the restoration of the National Science and Technology Commission. It is hoped that there will be a strong national science and technology regulatory body.
The urgent task faced by Hu Yaobang and others after arriving at the Chinese Academy of Sciences was to complete a few leading opinions on scientific work put forward to the central authorities and at least to the State Council within half a month. In order to obtain the consent of the Politburo of the Central Committee, or at least the leadership of the State Council.
With regard to the "comprehensive rectification" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hu Yaobang and others paid special attention to organizing and rectifying and implementing policies. After the rectification began, Hu Yaobang and others took a clear-cut stand against the opposition, implemented policies, and tried their best to make arrangements for scientific and technological personnel who did not have work arranged. In order to enable more scientific and technological personnel to give full play to their strengths, Hu Yaobang wasted no time in conducting investigations and discovering talents.
On August 19, when Hu Yaobang had a discussion with some scientists, he said very sincerely: "Please help me." This long-lost attitude of Corporal Li Xian was very touching to the scientists attending the meeting.
Hu Yaobang gave the example of a scientist who graduated from Oxford University in the United Kingdom and was deported in 1970 after returning to China, asking: "As far as you know, are there any accomplished people who are now in the countryside or who are not properly distributed to play a role?" Please make me a list, write one if you have one, write two when you have two... Write it and send it to me. ”
After investigation and active work, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has implemented more than 800 scientific researchers and cadres in the four-month rectification.
In the course of comprehensive rectification, Hu Yaobang and others vigorously grasped ideological rectification. On August 15, Hu Yaobang announced at a forum that the rectification work is mainly the organization and rectification of the leading bodies at all levels of the whole academy and the rectification of ideological style, and the rectification of ideological style may be longer and the task will be more arduous.
For a long time, he once put forward the slogan of "three aspects" for scientific research work, that is, facing factories, facing rural areas, and facing schools. In 1971, it was also proposed that scientific research should be "three urgent", that is, the urgency of war readiness, the urgency of workers, peasants, and soldiers, and the urgency of industrial and agricultural production. Later, the "three emergencies" were simplified to the policy of "opening the door and running the office".
These slogans, no matter how they change, are not premised on the development of scientific research, but are aimed at "transforming scientific researchers". What is the direction of the Chinese Academy of Sciences? This is one of the problems that the vast number of scientific and technological personnel and leading cadres have strongly complained about. Once, Hu Yaobang talked with several scientific and technological personnel, and everyone told him that in recent years, in addition to receiving "re-education" from workers and peasants, he had engaged in production and dealt with cabbage and potatoes. Some institutes operate less than 20 hours a week. These problems made Hu Yaobang feel that it was indispensable to solve them and that they could not be postponed.
In order to carry out scientific research work, Hu Yaobang often discussed, discussed, and pondered with Li Chang and others. He had great respect for Li Chang and considered him to be an expert in natural science. On October 11, at a conference of the Institute of Paleovertebrate Research, he said: "Comrade Li Chang is better than me, he studies well, and the foundation of natural science is stronger than mine." He clearly replied at the small meeting of the congress: "The Academy of Sciences is the Academy of Sciences, not the Production Academy, the Education Academy, the Cabbage Academy, or the Potato Academy. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > Third, when the CPC Central Committee and the State Council appointed Comrades Hu Yaobang and other comrades to preside over the work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, they asked for opinions on rectifying the work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as soon as possible</h1>
After taking office, Hu Yaobang and other comrades conducted in-depth investigations and studies, solicited opinions extensively, and began to organize the drafting of the "Several Issues Concerning Scientific and Technological Work (Report Outline)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report Outline" ) in preparation for reporting scientific and technological issues to the central authorities.
On August 8, when Deng Xiaoping talked with comrades in the Political Research Office of the State Council, he talked about science and technology and talent. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that many specialized talents now have the phenomenon of no successor, and there is an expert in semiconductors at Peking University, and now the school has let him change his career, which is a pity.
Guiding and promoting the overall rectification of the national science and technology system, education system, and cultural system through the rectification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is an important strategic plan that Deng Xiaoping has carefully considered. Therefore, he attaches great importance to the rectification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the "Report Outline".
On August 17, the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Several Issues concerning Scientific and Technological Work (Report Outline)" was submitted by Hu Yaobang and others. It is divided into six parts: First, on the question of affirming achievements on the scientific and technological front, second, on the question of organization and leadership of scientific and technological work; third, on the question of striving to understand the specific line of the scientific and technological front put forward by Chairman Mao; fourth, on the policy of intellectuals on the scientific and technological front; fifth, on the preliminary assumption of the outline of the ten-year plan for science and technology; and sixth, on the rectification of the academies and departments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the units directly under it.
In the section "Striving to Understand the Question of the Specific Line of the Scientific and Technological Front Put Forward by Chairman Mao," the "Report Outline" uses the method of analyzing the situation and clarifying the thinking to expound six issues: "the relationship between politics and business," "the relationship between the production struggle and scientific experiments," "the relationship between the professional contingent and the mass movement," "the relationship between self-reliance and learning from foreign strong points," "the relationship between theoretical research and applied research," and "the principle of a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending."
When analyzing the "relationship between the struggle for production and scientific experiments," the "Outline of the Report" pointed out: "Science comes from production, and it also guides and promotes production. How can we develop production more quickly and efficiently? The decisive factor is people, first, by their high political consciousness and revolutionary vigor, and secondly by their mastery of advanced science and technology. Science and technology are also productive forces. Scientific research should be in the forefront and promote the development of production. ”
After Receiving the "Outline of the Report," Deng Xiaoping paid great attention to it. On August 26, Deng Xiaoping met with Hu Qiaomu and specifically discussed how to revise the guiding ideology and specific opinions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' "Report Outline."
Deng Xiaoping said: The draft of the "Outline of the Report" involves too many problems, is unnecessarily too sharp, and is unstable. This document is very important, and it is necessary to strengthen ideological nature and be more reasonable. But don't be too sharp, the reason must be standing, can not be defeated.
Deng Xiaoping instructed Hu Qiaomu to discuss the revision issue with Hu Yaobang and other comrades, and asked Hu Qiaomu to personally make the revision. According to Deng Xiaoping's instructions, after Hu Qiaomu, Hu Yaobang, and other comrades of the Chinese Academy of Sciences agreed on a revised plan, they took Deng Xiaoping's basic thinking on scientific and technological rectification as the main theme, and quickly revised a new manuscript on the basis of the original "Report Outline" and named it "Outline of the Work Report of the Academy of Sciences" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report Outline").
The revised "Report Outline" further concentrates and summarizes the original six parts and adjusts them into three parts:
In the first part of the direction and task of the scientific research work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the achievements made in scientific research since the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were fully affirmed, and it was considered that "great achievements have been made."
With regard to the fundamental tasks of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the next ten years, three aspects have been put forward: First, in coordination with all relevant departments, we should actively undertake a number of major scientific research tasks in the national economy and national defense construction. The second is to open up a number of emerging scientific and technological fields, and the third is to vigorously develop basic scientific research. Its goal is to make the Chinese Academy of Sciences truly a comprehensive center for natural science research in China and promote the vigorous development of science and technology work in China as a whole.
In the second part, we resolutely and comprehensively implement Chairman Mao's revolutionary scientific and technological line.
Emphasis should be placed on clarifying the source from theory and correcting the chaos. The manuscript quotes Chairman Mao's series of instructions on scientific and technological work from ten aspects, the first of which is "class struggle, production struggle and scientific experimentation, three great revolutionary movements for building a strong socialist country";
The second aspect is that China's science and technology "must catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level in the near future"; the third aspect is that the working class must have a large contingent of scientific and technological experts; the fourth aspect is the integration of intellectuals with the masses of workers and peasants; and the fifth aspect is the unification of politics and technology;
The sixth aspect is the unification of theory and practice; the seventh aspect is independence, self-reliance, and study of foreign countries; the eighth aspect is a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contend; the ninth aspect is a change in the world outlook; the tenth aspect is the party's leadership, and the whole party is studying scientific knowledge.
The full text of the second aspect is that China's science and technology "must catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level in the near future." "We can't follow the old path of technological development in countries around the world and crawl step by step behind others." We must break with the norm and adopt advanced technology as much as possible. "Science and technology are productive forces." "The battle of science and technology must be fought, and it must be fought well. Without science and technology, productivity cannot be enhanced. ”
When discussing the relationship between theory and practice in the sixth aspect. Quoted "Strengthen theoretical research." It is impossible to have a special person to do it, and it is impossible not to engage in theory."
The purpose of this writing is to take Chairman Mao's correct instructions as the guiding principle for the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the entire scientific and technological work.
In this section, the "Report Outline" deeply analyzes the dialectical relationship between five aspects, including politics and business, the mass line and the professional contingent, theory and practice, the education and use of intellectuals, and philosophy and natural science, and proposes that Chairman Mao's revolutionary scientific and technological line must be fully understood and implemented.
In the third part of the "Report Outline" on the rectification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it puts forward five contents for rectifying the Chinese Academy of Sciences in accordance with the requirements of the central authorities: First, in light of reality, understanding and study, exposing contradictions, and carrying out criticism and self-criticism; second, conscientiously implementing the party's policy on intellectuals and cadres; third, enhancing the party spirit of the proletariat and criticizing and eliminating bourgeois factionalism; fourth, readjusting and perfecting the leading body; and fifth, rectifying the organs.
Deng Xiaoping read the revised "Report Outline" and pointed out: This document is very important, not only does it manage science, but can also be applied to all departments of culture and education.
When mentioning the issue of education, Deng Xiaoping said with concern that there are many problems in education, and now that the enthusiasm of teachers is not high, students are not studying hard, and the quality of teaching is low, how can the four modernizations be realized in this way?
After Deng Xiaoping approved it, the "Report Outline" was printed and distributed and sent to relevant comrades for solicitation of opinions. On the eve of the formal discussions at the State Council, Deng Xiaoping asked Hu Qiaomu to compile a quotation from Chairman Mao and Marx, Engels, and Lenin on the relationship between philosophy and natural science as an annex to the "Outline of the Report." The Political Research Office of the State Council immediately compiled and printed the material "Philosophy Must Be Used to Guide the Study of Natural Science, But Not Philosophy inStead of Natural Science" as an annex to the "Report Outline."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > Author Profile: Nerve endings, engineering history enthusiast, works scattered in various newspapers and magazines. </h1>