The key links and techniques of large cherry grafting
Large cherries are a common fruit with a sweet and juicy taste and rich in nutrients. Big cherries are produced in Europe, Asia, and North America, with the United States, Canada, and Australia being among the major producing countries. There are many kinds of large cherries, different colors and tastes, mainly divided into two categories: red cherries and black cherries. Large cherries grow in temperate and subtropical regions, prefer sunny and warm climates, and do not have high soil requirements, but ensure good drainage. Large cherries are generally picked between May and July each year and are the main fruit of summer.
Grafting is a technique that transfers the stems, leaves or roots of a plant to another plant. Grafting technology is not only able to increase the growth rate and yield of plants, but also improve the resistance and adaptability of plants. In addition, the grafting technique can also improve the ornamental value of plants.
The principle of grafting technology is to achieve mutual benefit by combining two different plants together, thus forming a new connection, promoting the growth and development of both parties.
In the process of grafting large cherries, the selection of healthy mother roots and high-quality scions is a very critical link. The mother should use large, mature, healthy-growing, disease-free cherry trees, and the scion should use healthy, well-grown shoots from the same variety. This ensures the health and survival rate of the plant during the grafting process.
Before grafting, the mother and scion are disinfected to prevent the spread of germs and viruses. When grafting, to ensure that the mother and scion sizes match, cut the scion into a conical shape, and cut an angle of incision on the bottom of the scion and the shoots of the mother to make them fit tightly. After grafting is complete, a waterproofing agent is applied to prevent moisture from entering, causing infection and decay.
The disinfection treatment can be soaked in 70% alcohol or 1% bleach powder aqueous solution, or it can be disinfected by irradiation with ultraviolet lamps. The disinfection time is generally 5-10 minutes, and after disinfection, it should be rinsed with clean water, dried and then grafted.
When performing grafting operations, it is important to ensure that the size of the mother and scion match. If the size of the mother and scion do not match, it will lead to grafting failure and even affect the growth and development of the entire plant. In order to ensure that the size of the mother and scion match, first choose a scion of similar thickness to the mother. The scion should be long enough to fit snugly with the mother's shoots when grafted.
If the scion is too short or too long, it is difficult to fit the shoots of the mother, which can easily lead to grafting failure. Secondly, the scion should be cut into a tapered shape, which can improve the contact area between the scion and the mother and increase the tightness of the fit.
When cutting the scion, be careful not to cut it too fine or too coarse, otherwise it will also affect the effect of grafting. Cut angled incisions on the bottom of the scion and on the shoots of the mother to make them fit snugly. The angle of the incision should be appropriate, not too large or too small, too large will cause a gap between the scion and the mother, too small will cause the scion to not fit with the mother. After grafting, a waterproofing agent is applied to the interface to prevent moisture from entering, causing infection and decay.
During grafting, the interface between the mother and scion is a very vulnerable place. If moisture enters the interface, it can lead to the growth of germs and bacteria, which can cause infection and decay, and eventually lead to grafting failure. Coating with waterproofing agent can effectively prevent moisture from entering, thereby reducing the risk of infection and decay, and improving the survival rate and success rate of grafting. In addition, the waterproofing agent can also play a role in protecting the interface and preventing the influence of the external environment on the grafting site, thereby ensuring the healthy and stable growth of the plant.
The method of coating waterproofing agent is very simple, you can use general waterproofing agent to coat the interface, so that it covers the entire interface and a certain range around it to ensure sealing and waterproof effect. After applying waterproofing agent, we must pay attention to the care and maintenance of the grafting site, remove the surrounding weeds and fallen leaves in time, and keep the grafting site clean and dry, so as to ensure the success and survival rate of grafting.
Large cherries have a greater demand for water during growth. Large cherries should be kept moist during growth, generally watered every 7-10 days. When watering, take care to avoid the leaves and fruits of large cherries to avoid disease and rot. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the drainage of the soil and avoid excessive water leading to root rot. When the summer is hot and dry, you can place some potted plants next to the big cherry tree to increase the surrounding humidity and improve the growing conditions of the big cherry.
Big cherries prefer sunlight and have higher requirements for light, and generally need to receive at least 6 hours of sunlight every day to ensure the normal growth and development of plants. Large cherries are also relatively hardy, but the temperature requirements are higher, the most suitable growth temperature is 15-25 ° C, too high or too low temperature will have an adverse effect on the normal growth and development of the plant.
In areas with cold winters, a thick layer of dead leaves or straw can be laid under large cherry trees to keep the soil warm and moist, thereby improving the wintering ability of large cherries.
Large cherries have relatively low soil requirements, but it is very important to ensure that the soil is well drained. Large cherry trees need plenty of water to grow, but if the soil is not well drained, too much water will accumulate in the roots, causing the roots to rot, which will affect the growth and development of the plant. Therefore, to ensure that the soil is well drained before planting large cherry trees, the drainage of the soil can be improved by adding sand or other drainage materials to the soil.
It is also very important to apply organic fertilizer to large cherry trees in moderation. Organic fertilizers can improve soil fertility and water retention, and promote plant growth and development. When applying organic fertilizer, pay attention to the time and amount of fertilization to avoid excessive fertilization leading to excessive soil fertility and adverse effects on plant growth. At the same time, we should pay attention to the type and quality of organic fertilizers, and choose organic fertilizers suitable for the growth of large cherry trees to improve the nutrient absorption efficiency of plants.
