Healthy lifestyles and behaviors
Take the initiative to receive premarital and pre-pregnancy care
Pregnancy should be attended at least 5 antenatal visits and hospitalized deliveries
#关于婚前体检 #
Q
When is the wedding test done?
Young men and women who are not suitable for marriage from the perspective of eugenics will find it emotionally difficult to accept when they are married. Therefore, premarital check-ups should be done earlier as well.
People with genetic diseases in both parties or one of the families should do premarital genetic disease consultation before determining the relationship, and ask the doctor for guidance on whether they can marry and what the probability of genetic diseases in future children will occur.
Premarital health examination should be appropriate about half a year before marriage, and abnormalities can be treated or corrected in time.
3 months before marriage, you should receive guidance on sexual life and contraceptive methods in the hospital or at the Family Planning Technical Service Station (room).
Q
What are the specific contents of the marriage examination?
1. Ask for medical history
1. To understand whether the two parties are related by blood, both parties present the "marital status certificate" of the unit.
If there are no venereal diseases, leprosy, psychosis, various infectious diseases, genetic diseases, important organs, diseases of the genitourinary system and intellectual development, etc.;
3. Understand the personal history of both parties, ask about the work and living environment, tobacco and alcohol habits that may affect reproductive function, etc.
4. The woman's menstrual history and the man's sperm retention.
5. Family history of both parties, focusing on genetic-related medical history.
6. Those who remarry should ask about the history of previous marriages and children.
2. Physical examination, including internal examination, genital examination and laboratory examination.
1. Internal medicine examination is a full physical examination.
2. Genital examination is to find genital diseases that affect marriage and childbearing.
3. Laboratory examination, in addition to blood routine, urine routine, chest X-ray, liver function and blood type, women do vaginal secretions to find trichomoniasis, mold, if necessary, gonococcal smear examination; men do semen routine testing.
#关于孕前保健 #
The Guidelines for Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Care (2018) follow the principle of combining universal guidance and individualized guidance to provide pre-pregnancy health education and guidance for couples planning to become pregnant, including:
(1) Prepared and planned pregnancy, try to contraceptive pregnancy at an advanced age.
(2) Reasonable nutrition, control weight gain.
(3) Supplement folic acid 0.4 to 0.8 mg/day, or a multivitamin containing folic acid. Pregnant women who have given birth to neuter defects need to supplement folic acid cool 4 mg/day.
(4) Women with genetic, chronic and infectious diseases who are preparing to become pregnant should be evaluated and guided.
(5) Rational use of drugs, avoid the use of drugs that may affect the normal development of the fetus.
(6) Avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances (such as radiation, high temperature, lead, mercury, benzene, arsenic, pesticides, etc.) in the living and working environment, and avoid close contact with pets.
(7) Change bad lifestyle habits (such as smoking, alcohol, drug addiction, etc.) and lifestyle, and avoid high-intensity work, high-noise environment and domestic violence.
(8) Maintain mental health, relieve mental stress, and prevent the occurrence of psychological problems during pregnancy and postpartum.
(9) Reasonable choice of exercise method.
Preconception care for elderly women
As a result of the implementation of the Comprehensive Two-Child Policy, there has been a significant increase in the number of elderly women, as well as a significant increase in pregnancy complications and complications. The Guidelines for Preconception and Pregnancy Care (2018) are up-to-date and recommended specifically for pregnancy care for elderly pregnant women. The following are highlighted:
(1) Assess and inform the pregnant woman of the advanced age of pregnancy risk;
(2) Standardize the supplementation of vitamins and minerals, and appropriately increase the dose;
(3) In order to reduce unnecessary invasive prenatal diagnosis, combined with the guidelines of the United States and Canada, this guideline recommends that those with a expected age of 35 to 39 years old and simple age as a high-risk factor can sign an informed consent form to screen for fetal chromosome aneuploidy abnormalities first; pregnant women with a prenatal age ≥ 40 years of age are recommended to undergo chorionic puncture sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis; pregnant women with a prenatal age of ≥ 40 years or older are recommended to undergo chorionic puncture sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis;
(4) Pregnant women ≥ 40 years of age shall terminate their pregnancy at an appropriate time before 40 weeks of pregnancy.
#关于孕前检查 #
The state will implement a free policy of pre-pregnancy examination for eligible couples who are trying to conceive, as long as both husband and wife meet the following conditions to enjoy this free examination policy:
1. Couples who are preparing to become pregnant and comply with the national fertility policy.
2. At least one of the spouses has a local household registration, or neither spouse has a local household registration, but has lived in the local household for more than half a year (according to the policy of different regions).
3. What are the free preconception examination institutions
The national policy requires that the district population and family planning service center undertake free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examinations, and then the community health and family planning service centers and the street (township) family planning service centers work together to carry out work. Before obtaining the "Medical Institution Practice License", the inspection institution shall mainly be completed by the municipal family planning science and technology institute by the population and family planning service center of the district.
4. What are the items and services of the free pre-pregnancy eugenic health examination?
The service content and examination include: 19 services such as medical history inquiry, clinical laboratory examination, eugenic health education, physical examination, risk assessment, imaging examination, counseling guidance, and follow-up of pregnancy outcomes for couples planning to become pregnant. These include 14 medical tests, 9 laboratory tests, 4 viral screenings and 1 imaging test.
#关于产检 #
The prenatal check-up weeks recommended in the Guidelines for Preconception and Pregnancy Care (2018) are 6 to 13 weeks + 6, 14 to 19 weeks + 6, 20 to 24 weeks, 25 to 28 weeks, 29 to 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks, and 37 to 41 weeks, for a total of 7 to 11 times. The Guidelines for Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Health Care (2018) combine the current status of prenatal examinations in mainland China, while relaxing the gestational age limit, and each examination has a gestational range. The doctor should indicate the specific time of the next obstetric examination to the pregnant woman in the health manual, and cannot arbitrarily write "January review" or "4 weeks review" and so on.
The specific situation varies greatly according to the condition of different individuals.
Example: After the first obstetric examination and registration of information at 10 weeks of pregnancy, a person without pregnancy comorbidities needs 7 standardized obstetric examinations during pregnancy, namely 16, 18 to 20, 28, 34, 36, 38, and 41 weeks; those who have not had children before should also increase 1 time in 25, 31, and 40 weeks, for a total of 10 times. The number of prenatal examinations for low-risk pregnant women is more reasonable, 7 to 8 times throughout pregnancy, and the number of examinations for high-risk pregnant women is increased.
Q
What is the content of the obstetric examination?
(1) Ask a detailed medical history
The content includes age, fetal birth, occupation, menstrual history, past history of hypertension, heart disease, etc.; the pregnancy process, the time and extent of the early pregnancy reaction, whether there is fever, viral infection and other discomfort, medication, etc.; the husband's health, the family history of both parties need to pay attention to whether there are birth defects and genetic diseases, and related diseases need to be recorded.
(2) Estimation of the expected date of delivery
(3) General examination: height and weight/body mass index (BMI), blood pressure measurement, oral examination, auscultation of the heart and lungs, and whether there is edema of the lower limbs.
(4) Obstetric examination: measure uterine height and abdominal circumference, fetal heart sound auscultation, vaginal and cervical examination.
Source: Healthy Inner Mongolia Guanwei
Source: Healthy Xilin Gol
Editor: Wu Qinglan, Luo Liting, Wu Qiujing
Review: Huangshui Forest Leaf Pioneer
Producer: Li Yongguang