Novel Series: Liantang Fusheng - Legend of the Cheng Family of The Marquis of Fujian (204)
(WeChat Reading has the audio of the book read by the robot, welcome to listen)
【Released every Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday】
204, the origin of Kong Yiji's name
At the end of the 19th century, pencils entered China.
At the beginning of the 20th century, fountain pens entered China.
These two new gadgets are easy to use, in order to destroy the trend of decay and decay, and flush the Chinese brush to the ground.
It is human nature to covet convenience.
So many new gadgets have been invented, all for their own convenience.
In contrast, writing with a brush is too cumbersome.
Teacher Lu Xun said that there are many inconveniences in writing with a brush:
"Things have to be done fast, words have to be written more, [brushes] can't succeed, that is, it can't compete with pens and ink." For example, copying lecture notes in school, even if you switch to ink cartridges, eliminating the need for temporary ink grinding, but soon, the ink will also glue the brush, can't write, you have to bring a sink of washing pens, and finally get on the small table, set up the 'four treasures of the study room'. Moreover, the amount of brush tip touch paper, that is, the thickness of the word, is all dependent on the wrist, so it is easy to fatigue, and the more you write, the slower you write. Idle people don't matter, as soon as they are busy, they feel that no matter what, it is always ink and pen bento. ”
With so much inconvenience, the brush gradually withdrew from the practical field.
From the 1920s to the 1930s, it was roughly the junction of brushes and pens.
At that time, the pen was in full swing, and the brush had collapsed.
A random search on the Internet found a letter written by Lin Huiyin to Hu Shi on February 6, 1927, which was written by a fountain pen.
At that time, Lin Huiyin studied with his fiancé Liang Sicheng at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and when he heard that Hu Shi had arrived in the United States, he wrote to Hu Shi and invited him to play in Philadelphia.
(Above: Manuscript of Lin Huiyin's letter to Hu Shi in February 1927.) ）
The officials would say it was in the United States, naturally with a pen.
Well, back to China.
In the last 10 years of Lu Xun's life, manuscripts submitted to the editorial board often failed to pass the review.
The censors did not allow Lu Xun's name to be published as soon as they saw it.
Lu Xun changed his pen name.
The change of pen name was also seen by the officials, and it was still not allowed to be published.
Lu Xun asked people to transcribe it again.
Helping to transcribe was his wife, Xu Guangping, as well as several young students and friends.
Later, whether it could be published or not, all of Lu Xun's works were transcribed and sent to the editorial department, and the original manuscript of his handwritten book remained in his hand. It is now a precious artifact.
Although Lu Xun said that there were many inconveniences in writing with a brush, Lu Xun still insisted on writing with a brush.
I guess Lu Xun admired his calligraphy.
Lu Xun's calligraphy is indeed good, leveraged, and worthy of Lu Xun's narcissism.
Xu Guangping transcribed Lu Xun's manuscripts with a pen.
(Above: Xu Guangping transcribed Lu Xun's essay "Akin.") ）
Although they quit the practical field, a hundred years ago, Chinese primary school students still had to learn to write with brushes.
Half a century ago, Chinese elementary school students still had to write with brushes.
Now, in the 21st century, Chinese primary school students still have to write brush characters.
No one can escape.
Because calligraphy is a Chinese treasure, it cannot be thrown away, but must be passed down from generation to generation, so that it will shine forever.
Yiping, the eldest son of the owner of the fuzhou Jipi Lane people, is one of hundreds of millions of Chinese who have inherited China's treasures.
A child from the sugarcane countryside who is 5 years older than Yiping and a person from Jipi Lane in Fuzhou who has the highest level of education at that time was also a member.
When Tenzu was 8 years old, he went to private school in Sugarcane.
As soon as I entered school, I learned to draw red, without the accompaniment of stone pens and pencils.
This is better, never know the convenience of hard pens, and never think about the benefits of hard pens.
In the private school, the recitation is "Three Hundred Thousand Thousand (Three Character Classic, Hundred Family Names, Thousand Character Texts, And Thousand Family Poems)".
It is not a slate pen to learn new words, and Tianzhi has never seen a slate pen.
He used a sandbox.
Does the inspector remember? In chapter 107 of this book, it is said that on the night that Tianru's younger brother Tianhe died prematurely, Tianru's father went to find his cousin from the brush overnight, and the carpenter Cheng Yujian made a small coffin for Tianhe.
It was this Cheng Youjian who took a little wood that Yu Brush found himself, made a rectangular wooden plate for the ruler, and painted it with black paint.
It's all free.
In this black lacquered wooden plate, the sand on the bank of the Minjiang River is the "paper" for writing on the scale: the sand table.
His pen is a stick.
He took this basket and wrote and drew it in the sandbox.
When you're done, smooth out the sand and write again.
This is learning new words.
(Above: Sand table reference image.) ）
The sand table of the ruler and the stone slab of Yiping are two kinds of traditional Chinese stationery for students, which are used to learn new words, do arithmetic exercises, and draw.
It is separate from the calligraphy class.
Calligraphy lessons should use the four treasures of the real study room: pen and ink paper.
And initially, red paper had to be used.
Red paper doesn't have to be described, right? And now there is.
Children learn to write with red paper, one is to be familiar with the strokes of each word, and the other is to practice using a pen.
Therefore, the red characters should be simple and representative, and there are all kinds of strokes in the horizontal and vertical skimming and vertical bending hooks.
The red paper used by the ruler is printed with "Kong Yiji".
Ah, not only "Kong Yiji", but also other words.
Specifically, there are 25 words like this:
"Lord Kong Yi hexified three thousand seventy Shier Xiaosheng eight or nine sons of the best work Ren Ke Li ye" .
Split into two pages.
The front page ends with "Eight or Nine Sons", with a small empty line in the middle and "Month and Day" printed on it, which is to let students fill in the date.
The text of the next page has only 7 words "Good Work Ren Ke Ke Reiya", followed by "Student", followed by 3 spaces for students to fill in their names.
Finally, there was still room left, and I printed "Xi Zi Yi
The ruler draws every word on the red paper, including "month and day", "student", and "a picture of learning words".
A piece of red paper he had to use twice.
Use a thinner amount of ink the first time and a normal concentration of ink the second time.
Save paper.
That is, saving money.
(Above: The old children's printed engraving of the red poster, the upper part is the original, the lower is the mirror face.) ）
The person who "stands drinking and wearing a long shirt" in Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji" is surnamed Kong, but not "Yiji".
"Kong Yiji" is a nickname given to him by others.
Lu Xun said that the origin of this nickname is, "'Shangda Kong Yiji' on the red paper."
Since the Song Dynasty, children's red paper has been fixed in these 25 characters.
However, the original fourth character was not the word "Kong" but the word "Qiu": "Shangda Qiu Yi has become three thousand and seventy Shier Xiaosheng Eighty Sons Ofe Jiazuo Ren Ke Li Ye".
In the Qing Dynasty, the "hill" was changed to "hole".
Whether kong or Qiu, it seems that they all refer to the Most Holy Ancestor Wen Xianwang, "Lord Shang".
I say "as if" because the 25 words are a bit plausible.
In particular, the word "B-self" is the most ambiguous.
Some people say that the 25 characters such as "Shangda" are a general account of Confucius's deeds.
"Three thousand and seventy disciples" refers to confucius disciples three thousand and seventy-two wise men.
Some people say that "Kong Yiji" is Teacher Kong Qiu himself.
Teacher Kong Qiu is the second oldest in his family, so he has a very cute "ID" called Kong Lao'er. "A,ethyl propylene," "B" is two.
How to interpret the word "self"?
Because the year of Kong Qiu's birth in 552 BC is the year of self-unitary.
There are three theories about the birth year of Teacher Kong Qiu: 551 BC, 552 BC, and 553 BC.
For the sake of self-justification, if nothing else, he takes 552 years.
Too far-fetched.
The Ming Dynasty Zhu Zhishan joke said: These 25 words are Confucius's letter of condolence to his late father, and "Shangda" is confucius's father.
Zhu Zhishan said in this way: "Lord Shang, Kong, one self-made three thousand and seventy Shier, Xiaosheng eight or nine sons jia, as a person can know the liye." ”
Wish Zhishan a lot of fun.
(Above: Zhu Zhishan calligraphy.) ）
In fact, the red paper is just a patchwork of 25 strokes of Chinese characters that are easy to recognize and write.
Here, the word "Er" is written like this, not "Er".
The same is true of the word "ceremony", not "禮".