City affairs
Walk into Five Avenues
The city affairs column "Into the Five Avenues" officially met with you today! In the story of "Five Avenues", the small Western-style buildings and their owners, passers-by, and more wonderful "shining details" and "slash life".
Let's stroll through the Five Avenues Historical and Cultural Neighborhood together, approaching, walking in, discovering, and rereading.
Keywords of this issue 【Collection】
Here lived the Great President Overseer Industrialist... Did you know that their "slash life" label also has "book collection"?
What kind of book collection stories have been here... In the end, where did those precious ancient books go?
Today is World Book and Copyright Day, also known as World Book Day. Wang Zhenliang, professor of the Institute of Ancient Book Protection of Tianjin Normal University and chairman of Tianjin Wentin College, introduced that at present, there are about 20 known "library buildings" in the Historical and Cultural Block of The Fifth Avenue alone.
First choose three people who have a story-
He is the supreme president why the collection of books is not taken seriously
Xu Shichang
1855-1939
From the former Qing Hanlin to the later president of the Republic of China, Xu Shichang was the highest official in the "Tianjin Bibliophile Circle of Friends".
"Return farmland" to Tai'an Road
Xu Shichang was a scholar in the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886). When he was in Beijing, the bookstore had the names of shu marrow building and retired farmland hall, as well as Guiyun Lou, Haixi Caotang, Chong Hezhai and so on. Professor Wang Zhenliang introduced that in October 1918, Xu Shichang was elected president of the Republic of China, and resigned in June 1922 and retired to Tianjin.
Previously, Xu Shichang purchased 9 acres of residential land in midoshi road (now Tai'an road) in the British concession. There was originally a building here, namely the Tianjin Retired Farming Hall, and an additional book pulp building was added to collect ancient books and fine calligraphy and paintings brought from Beijing. Later, Xu purchased 15 acres of land on Oxford Road (now Xinhua Road) in the British Concession and built 9 residences, the largest of which is now No. 255 Xinhua Road. The building was rebuilt on the ground, but the old appearance is still faintly preserved.
Photo by Li Zhijian at No. 255 Xinhua Road
The most important thing in Xu Shichang's "farmland return" life in Tianjin is to collect books, read books, compile books, and carve books.
The amount of books in the collection is a mystery
The total number of books in Xu Shichang's collection, the relevant records have ranged from 80,000 volumes to hundreds of thousands of volumes, which is now difficult to understand. However, due to the fact that "there are not many ancient books of the Song and Yuan dynasties in the pulp building", it was not valued by collectors at that time.
Professor Wang Zhenliang believes that after all, Xu Shichang was born in Hanlin and has been in a high position for a long time, and the quality of his collection is actually not low, "Now the National Library of China's Yongle Canon, 'Wisdom', 'System' and 'Yi' three volumes are all printed with the 'Secretary of Hanzhai Tibet'." The Collection of Li Rihua's "Seventeen Stickers" and the Song Edition of the Book of Shang are also quite precious.
In 1919, Xu Shichang proposed to photocopy the Siku Quanshu, but the plan was eventually shelved. Xu Shichang carved many books, but because of his greed for speed, he was quite criticized at that time. Professor Wang Zhenliang said that in fact, the evaluation of contemporary scholars has tended to be objective: "At that time, being able to publish such a huge production still played a certain role in the spread of ancient culture on the mainland." Xu Shichang was also serious about compiling and engraving books, "each article of the Qing Confucian Studies Case" was reviewed and finalized by him."
Books scattered on Luoyang Road
After 1933, the Japanese side repeatedly tried to ask Xu Shichang to organize a puppet regime, but they were solemnly rejected. Xu Shichang died in 1939. Soon after, Tianjin suffered a flood, and the loss of books was huge. Later, the Tai'an Road house was demolished and sold by others, and the remaining books were moved to Xinhua Road Hanyuan.
Photo by Zhang Jiming, No. 23 Luoyang Road
In the 1950s, Xu Shichang's descendants sold the Garden and moved to no. 23 Luoyang Road, and the remaining collection of books was scattered from here, of which "the library that belonged to the Tianjin Library and the Library of the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences was later returned to his descendants", and many of them also flowed into the folk, and some scholars found Xu's collection of books in the Tianjin Shenyang Dao Antique Market.
Why did the warrior general who could not release the scroll donate the classics widely?
Choi Sung-hoon
1871-1946
"The military general to the governor of a province, and because of his love of reading and collecting books, Cai Chengxun, a native of Tianjin, seems to be the only person." Professor Wang Zhenliang introduced that Cai Chengxun's residence in Tianjin mainly has two places, which is also the location of the library building Xi Zhengxuan: one is in the present-day Hebei District, then known as the Cai Family Garden, which no longer exists; the other is in today's Dali Road No. 3.
The former residence of the "National Cultural Security"
Cai Chengxun (蔡成勋), courtesy name Huchen, was born in Tianjin County, Zhili Province, graduated from tianjin Wubei Academy, and served as the overseer of Jiangxi during the Beiyang government. In 1924, he returned to Tianjin from Shanghai. The present-day Dali Dao Residence is a French Romanesque building designed by Yan Ziheng, an architect of the Department of Engineering of China, and was completed in 1935. After 1949, this courtyard was divided into No. 3 and No. 5: No. 3 is the former residence of the Cai family, that is, the Xizhengxuan Library, which is now a national key cultural relics protection unit; the No. 5 Chinese-style courtyard is the Cai Family Ancestral Hall.
Photo by Li Guangli, the former residence of Cai At No. 3 Dali Road
Photo by Liu Jingli, Cai Family Ancestral Hall, No. 5 Dali Road
Cai Chengxun's career spanned more than twenty years, and although he was a warrior, he could not release the scrolls, and the Jinmen scholar Mr. Zhang Yu once introduced Cai Chengxun's "wide collection of useful books" because, "The Jinmen Cai clan, the confucian industry is famous... Zi HuChen Junfu for the lesson plan".
All to the Chonghua Chemical Society
According to a report in the Ta Kung Pao in 1923, Cai Chengxun, who was in charge of military affairs in Jiangxi at that time, proposed that "education is the foundation of prosperity and strength, and books are the origin of culture", which was issued in the name of the provincial bureau and reported to the Ministry of Education for the record, "consulting and consulting all provinces and regions to widely print ancient books and maintain culture", reflecting Cai's "practical" book thinking.
The famous journalist Fan Changjiang once recorded that Cai Shi "donated a lot of books to Peking University.". The library of the former Suiyuan Provincial No. 1 Middle School and the library of the former Zhongzhou University have donated books by Cai Chengxun. Unfortunately, it is difficult to get a glimpse of the whole picture of Cai's collection now, and judging from the donation situation, it is mainly based on the correct history, and there is a large set of books compiled and printed at that time.
Tianjin Confucian Temple Old Shadow provided by Li Tao
Cai Chengxun's most famous book donation activity is that the collection is all returned to the Tianjin Chonghua Society, "At that time, Cai Chengxun helped many public welfare undertakings, served as a member of the Tianjin Charity Committee, an officer of the Tianjin Flood Relief Committee, and was also one of the funders of the Chonghua Society."
Cai's collection of books was donated by posterity to the Chonghua Society, and placed in the Chonghua Hall behind the Minglun Hall of the Tianjin Confucian Temple, with a plaque of "Xi Zhengxuan". In 1953, all the assets of the society were donated to the Tianjin Municipal Government, and the collection of books was accepted by the Municipal Bureau of Culture and transferred to the Tianjin Municipal People's Library at that time.
Why is his famous industrialist also stretched thin
Zhou Shuhan
1891-1984
No. 129 Mu Nan Road, which is "adjacent" to Mu Nan Garden, is the former residence of the famous ethnic industrialist Zhou Shutao. Professor Wang Zhenliang introduced that Zhou Shutao lived in all three places in Tianjin. Around 1928, he lived in No. 6 Taihuali in the British Concession; in 1935, he bought land and built a house on present-day Guilin Road; from 1954 until his death, he lived in Mu Nan Road (now No. 129).
Selling books and buying books
Starting from his grandfather Zhou Fu, the Zhou family has been based in Tianjin for generations. "He has been buying ancient books since he was 16 years old, and he especially likes old engravings of the Song and Yuan dynasties." Professor Wang Zhenliang said that there are many anecdotes about his collection of rare books and rare books, and they are quite legendary.
Photo by Li Liping, No. 129 South Mu Road
In 1933, Japan sold the only copy of the Song edition of the "General Classic" and the "Dongguan Yu Theory" in The Sea, and he redeemed the "Dongguan Yu Theory" for 1,000 yuan; the only surviving yuan book "Zuo Biao" was missing volume one, and finally he actually matched it with one or two gold; although there was industry as the backing, the economy was sometimes stretched, he once sold 109 kinds of Ming edition books to the bibliophile Chen Yifu, and bought the Song version of the "Notes on etiquette" instead...
Books for the nation
Zhou Shuhan's study hall has the names of Han ZaiTang, Shuangnan Hua Guan, and Zi Zhuang Kan. In Professor Wang Zhenliang's view, his concept of "collecting books for the country" is very deep.
On New Year's Day 1942, he hand-wrote the beginning of the "Bibliography of Self-Solemnity and Kindness", leaving a sentence similar to his will: "Decades of energy gathered, the world's public property, do not want my children and grandchildren to keep it privately." The four seas clarified that there is nothing to do in Uchiha, and it should be donated to the National Library and made public to the world..."
Old shadow of Mr. Zhou Shuhan
From 1948 to 1949, Zhou Shuhan donated the first and second volumes of the Song Fuzhou Ben "Zuo Zhuan" to the Palace Museum to supplement the fragments of the Palace Collection, and also purchased the seventh volume of the Classic Interpretation at a high price to fill the lack of the Palace Museum. In 1951, he donated a volume of the "Yongle Classic" that he had treasured, which opened the prelude to his donation of treasures to the country, and led many bibliophiles to donate treasures.
The area enclosed by the five roads of Nanjing Road, Racecourse Road, Xikang Road, Guizhou Road and Chengdu Road - the scope of the Five Avenues Historical and Cultural Block has long been not limited to the original "Ma Mu Da Chang Zhong". One of the planning positions is to strive to become an alternative area for world cultural heritage.
There are about 20 known "library buildings" in the Fifth Avenue Historical and Cultural Block alone.
Tianjin native and bibliophiles living in Tianjin are enough to constitute the characteristic scenery of Tianjin's urban culture.
"World Book Day" Search for "Treasures" by Map
Professor Wang Zhenliang combined the stories of about 30 Tianjin bibliophiles into the book "Gushang Lang Huan: Tianjin Library and Bibliophile", and listed the locations of more than a dozen "Five Avenue Library Buildings".
Pan Shoulian, Pan Fu father and son
Hua Jian Ge
/ 2 Present Racecourse Road (Reconstruction) Photo by Lee Chi Kin
Canal ben warp
Taoguang Building
/ 25 Zhejiang Road (formerly Machang Road, British Concession)
Qu Jinhe (son of Qu Benqiao)
Qu Jinhe's former residence
/ Photo by Li Zhijian, No. 33 Dali Road
Lu Bi
Prudent garden
/ Photo by Li Zhijian, No. 32 Dali Road
Hu Zongyu
Dream of building
/ Photo by Zhang Jiming, No. 1 Yongjianli, Nanhai Road
Ren Fengbao
Tianchun Garden
/ Photo by Zhang Jiming, No. 148 Racecourse Road (also on Shanxi Road).
Golden beams
Melon garden
/ Photo by Li Zhijian, 52 Chongqing Road
Zhou Mingtai
A few liturgies
/ Photo by Zhang Jiming, No. 227 Hebei Road
Zhang Chongwei
Silent Garden
/ Photo by Zhang Jiming, 112 Mu Nan Road
Kevin Yuan
Hundred Song Books Collection
/ No. 9 Quedri, Zhijiang Road
Tao Xiang
Wading in the garden
/ Photo by Zhang Jiming, 14 Chengdu Road
Chen Yifu
Ju Jingxuan
/ 20-22 Chengdu Road (no longer exists)
If you visit the "Five Avenues" again, can you also feel it?
The fragrance of Han Mo emanating from the small Western-style buildings of the Fifth Avenue.
You can also tell the story of you and the Five Avenues,
See you in the comments section!
Data support
Tianjin Memory And Cultural Heritage Conservation Volunteer Team
Column host Editorial / Reporter Shan Weiwei
Photo / Daily News Photography Creative Team
Typography / Zhao Yanling
Responsible school / Zhang Min
Duty Editor / Xu Dan