Since ancient times, the examination is a process that people who read books cannot avoid, from the ancient examination to the modern middle and high school entrance examination, although the content and form of the examination have changed, the essence is still the same. In the Suzhou Mumuhong Drinking Mountain House, there is a collection of cultural relics related to the ancient imperial examination, but many people think that they do not take the right path after reading it, and completely put the cart before the horse... What kind of artifacts are they? If you also want to know, the following Xiaobian will reveal the secret to you from the beginning:
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Located in Mumu Shantang Street, Hongyin Mountain House is the private residence of Xu Shiyuan, a scholar in the early qing dynasty, covering an area of about 1,800 square meters and has a history of more than 200 years. In the courtyard of Hongyin Mountain, the white-walled and black-tiled buildings are interspersed, with pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, and lotus flowers and willows, so it is also a typical Jiangnan garden. Imagine how comfortable it would be to stay here and concentrate on reading or chanting poetry.
According to historical records, the Qianlong Emperor went to Jiangnan seven times, and six times he used the Hongshu Mountain House as a palace, and spoke highly of it: the beauty of the wind and moon in Xishan Mountain, the victory of the pond pavilion flowers and trees, which shows the Qianlong Emperor's love for the Hongshu Mountain House. In addition, there are Ji Xiaolan, He Yan and Liu Yong and others, who have also stayed and played in the Hongyin Mountain House many times, which is enough to see the beauty of its scenery and the comfortable living conditions. Today, the Hongyin Mountain House is still well preserved, although it no longer has the favor of the former emperors and the favor of hundreds of officials, but as a representative of classical gardens and cultural relics protection buildings, it has also won the praise of the general public.
In order to better display the history of Hongshu Mountain House, experts have set up an exhibition hall in it, which can allow the general public to further understand Hongshu Mountain House. It is worth mentioning that an exhibition hall of holy wills in the Hongyin Mountain Room collects the holy wills promulgated by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, a total of ten emperors and twenty holy wills, mainly including edicts and edicts. Edicts are various orders issued by the emperor, such as what is allowed and what is not allowed to be done; while the edict is a letter of appointment or appointment issued by the emperor, such as adding officials to the knighthood. These holy decrees are eye-opening, but the general public seems to be less interested and likes to study the imperial examination.
The Hongyin Mountain Room also set up the Keju Exhibition Hall, after all, the owner of the house, Xu Shiyuan, is a literati, how can he not deal with the Keju? In the exhibition hall of the imperial examination, all kinds of examination questions and examination papers are collected, so that we also have a new understanding of the content of the imperial examination; there are also some licenses, that is, the admission tickets for our current examinations, which record in detail the names and family backgrounds of the candidates' ancestors of the three generations, indicating that the ancient imperial examination also pays attention to origin.
In addition, there are some rare cultural relics, such as entrained authenticities. The so-called entrainment, that is, private tape, usually refers to the cheating information that candidates secretly bring into the examination room when participating in the examination. Studies have shown that there have been entrainments since the birth of the imperial examination, but few have survived to this day. Usually, the contents of the four books and five classics and the commentaries are entrained, so they must be written in a very small pocket version before they can be brought into the examination room.
Take the silk clip from the Collection of Hongyi Mountain House, which is as thin as a cicada wing, about 46 centimeters long and about 35 centimeters wide, and the front and back sides are written with dense text, and if you don't use a magnifying glass, you can't see the content at all. According to experts, the content of the text is the original text of some of the Four Books and Five Classics, a total of more than 28,000 words, and the copying of these words must use a special single rat whisker pen, that is, a mouse whisker to write, in order to write a 2 mm square word.
As the saying goes: dripping water through stones, not a day's work, with this sentence to describe the production of entrainment is also appropriate. Experts have calculated that the production of the silk entrainment mentioned above takes at least 3 years, and some people even take 5-6 years. The finished entrainment, but also pay special attention to moisture and fire prevention, once encountered water and fire for several years of effort are in vain. In addition, some of the entrainment is made by the exam itself, and some are made by professional old shows, if you write the words fortunate not to bring in by mistake, it means that it is done by others, in order to prevent cheating from being caught and implicated in yourself.
Looking at the various entrainments, some citizens are very surprised, since students have three or five years of energy and perseverance to make entrainments, why not calm down and study for three or five years? Obviously, making entrainment is an inverted matter, and if it is unfortunate to be discovered by the examiner, it is a small matter to disqualify the examination, to be put into a big prison, and even to kill the head. So don't be clever, and focus your time and energy on meaningful things.
Although the imperial examination has become history, the entrainment is still there. Therefore, we also appeal here that all students must be honest in the examination, honest in life, after all, the school's examination is temporary, and the examination of life is a lifetime, so do not lose the big because of small, the cart before the horse.
Resources:
History of Chinese Imperial Examinations by Liu Haifeng, Publisher: Oriental Publishing Center
Wenlan Hairun Studio Editor-in-Chief Wen Xiucai, this article is written by: Special History Writer: Liu Lijiang's