Italics are also known as the main book, or the true book. Its characteristics are: the shape is square, the strokes are straight, and can be used as a model, hence the name. From ancient times to the present, there are many famous calligraphers, such as "European Body" (Ouyang Inquiry), "Yu Body" (Yu Shinan), "Yan Body" (Yan Zhenqing), "Liu Body" (Liu Gongquan), "Zhao Body" (Zhao Mengfu) and so on. Their books are unique, let's take a look at them together.
European body
Ouyang Inquiry, one of the four masters of the Book of Letters, he and Yu Shinanju were famous for their calligraphy in the early Tang Dynasty, and called "Ou Yu", and later generations used their books to see danger in the middle of Pingzheng, the most convenient for beginners, called "European Body".
The structural characteristics of the European body and the characteristics of the brushwork complement each other and are interdependent. The words of the predecessors who commented on the European body Jiucheng Palace are eight squares and two circles. Its folding pen is thin and strong, reflecting the backbone spirit of The European character; the round pen is plump and plump, reflecting the fullness of flesh and blood.
▲ Ouyang inquired about the part of "Jiucheng Palace"
Yu body
When Yu Shinan was a teenager, he studied calligraphy from Wang Xizhi's seventh grandson and Zhiyong Zen master, and even won the essence of Wang Shu. In order to learn calligraphy, he once shut himself upstairs and went downstairs. The waste pen that had been written was enough to fill a large urn.
After practicing words during the day, he also scratched his belly or sheets with his fingers before going to sleep, pondering the momentum of words. As the days went on, the sheets were cut through. Through hard study, Yu Shinan became the master of Wang's brushwork. With Ouyang inquiry "dangerous" all the way and called "Ou Yu". Together with Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, they were known as the "Four Greats of the Early Tang Dynasty".
▲ Yu Shinan's "Great Luck Thesis" expands the text
Face body
Yan Zhenqing was erudite and proficient in words and texts, and in his early years, he studied under Zhang Xu, and studied the predecessors such as Cai Yong, Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi's father and son, Chu Suiliang, and so on.
Yan Zhenqing's book style is dignified and bold, and it has become a broad and majestic posture with a long rainbow, forming a "Yan body" style based on "tendons", so for more than a thousand years, together with the "willow body", it has been praised by the world as "Yan Jian Liu Bone" and has become a classic work on the book world.
▲Yan Zhenqing's "Many Pagoda Steles"
Because of the use of seal calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy has become a model for the use of pens by the center. Its line pen is strong and powerful, the pen power is contained, the pen is more hidden, and the closing pen is more than the front, especially the round pen at the starting pen is far more than the square pen.
The horizontal painting is light, and the vertical painting is heavy (the contrast between the horizontal and vertical thickness of the "Yan Qinli Monument" is very strong), but when the two verticals appear at the same time, the left vertical is often as thin as the horizontal painting, and the two verticals are often arranged in a reciprocal manner (that is, arched outward); The pen is often used to lift the pen, the circle is straight down, without folding the pen, and the pen of the turn is mostly the outer circle and the inner square and so on.
It is worth noting that when practicing the Yan body, you should not blindly emphasize its stout side, and ignore the main characteristics of the thick, strong and vigorous pen used in Yanzi Dot Painting.
▲ Part of Yan Zhenqing's "Yan Qinli Monument"
Willow body
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is famous for its calligraphy, he first learned Wang Xizhi, and later looked at the calligraphy of famous artists in the Tang Dynasty, absorbed the strengths of Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Inquiry, dissolved the new meaning, and created a unique "willow body", with bone strength and strength, and later generations have the reputation of "Yan Jian Liu Bone". With Yan Zhenqing's same name, he is known as "Yan Liu", and together with Ouyang Zhenqing, Yan Zhenqing, and Zhao Mengfu, he is also called "the four masters of Kaishu".
The willow character pen is "square pen" and "round pen" at the same time. "Square pen" means that the beginning and end of the stroke have edges and angles, and are square. For example, the horizontal stroke of the words "ten", "sheng", "tai", "right" and so on below is the square pen. And the vertical painting and long apostrophe in these words, the starting pen is a combination of square circles, and the appearance of a second turn and fold pen is more than one more edge and corner than the general, so that with the pen, the stroke of the word appears thick and strong.
▲ Liu Gongquan's "Xuan Secret Pagoda Stele" rubbing part
Zhao Body
Zhao Mengfu wrote many inscriptions, round and beautiful, and was known as "Zhao Body". Legend has it that he was able to write thousands of words in letters every day, and "the next pen was as fast as the wind and rain.". There are many excellent works in Zhao's book, such as the "Book of the Three Doors", which is wide and stable, and the pen is smooth and round, which is most suitable for writing.
▲ Zhao Mengfu's "XuanmiaoGuan Reconstruction of the Three Doors"
The success of Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy lies in the fact that he has created a style of calligraphy with the meaning of calligraphy, which is majestic but beautiful, dignified and flexible, which is a unique style that distinguishes it from Ouyan Liugongkai. We emphasize calligraphy innovation, not to advocate people to innovate indiscriminately, but to innovate rationally on the basis of tradition to create calligraphy with physical beauty, charm and natural beauty.
▲Zhao Mengfu's "Bile Monument"
Known as Zhao Kai's first "Bile Tablet", the whole text is completed in one go, the dot painting is pure, and there is no slackness in the brush, so it is called "ancient and exquisite, and the quality belongs to the first".
Zhao Body's pen is smooth, uniform in size, easy to learn and practical, and combines the artistry of writing with practicality, which is an important contribution of Zhao Mengfu to the art of calligraphy.
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Extended reading: The best calligraphy in the past two hundred years was once a model for folk learning calligraphy