Mou Zongsan : The tragedy of "Dream of the Red Chamber"

One

The attention of "Dream of the Red Chamber" has not started today. At the beginning, there were all kinds of hidden talks of the so-called red scholars, which had lost the purpose of appreciating literature. Later, There was Mr. Hu Shizhi's "Examination of the Dream of the Red Chamber", which knocked down the view of Suo Yin. Using the historical evidence method and replacing it with the glasses of realism, it proves that "Dream of the Red Chamber" is the author's self-description, and it is honestly described in the past traces of his own rise and fall. Although this is a correct point of view, Mr. Hu still has not done it for the anatomy and understanding of "Dream of the Red Chamber" itself. This is only a shift in direction, still not an understanding and criticism of literature itself. Therefore, although Mr. Hu's examination is more reasonable, it is actually the work of examination, which is not the same as literary criticism. He was dealing with the red scholar Suo Yin, so his problem was still a problem in the circle of red scholars, not a problem in the circle of literary critics. Because we began to appreciate the technology of "Dream of the Red Chamber" itself, and the ideas expressed in it, those problems outside the circle were not easy to occur. Problems outside the circle, whether reasonable or unreasonable, in our opinion, are always the work of guessing, always full of idle things, looking at the wind and catching shadows.

In recent years, those who have paid attention to "Dream of the Red Chamber" have changed their direction again. Move from outside the circle to the circle. This is indeed the attitude of literary critics. However, as far as I can see, the remarks made by these writers are only songs praising the clever interspersing of the depiction technique and structure of "Dream of the Red Chamber", but there is little talk about the insight of life and the main trunk of the ideas that support this book. This kind of work is not wrong, it is also a matter of duty. But I thought it was just a bit of a bite-and-click article. If you pay pure attention to such things, its drawbacks are the eight-strand literary criticism method, which is the same boring and pedantic as Jin Sheng's criticism of "Water Margin" and "West Chamber". And this kind of criticism is not actually criticism, it is actually a kind of appreciation. There has always been no literary criticism in China, only literary appreciation or titles. Like tasting tea, pinshi pinwen specializes in its smell, sound, color, and charm. The product is mysterious, humorous, the so-called knowing smile, but it is indescribable. So focus on this aspect, and the result will be that there is nothing to say, only praise and applause. The exclamation points are all over the paper, but there is no conclusive sentence or proposition.

This kind of questioning method has always been particularly strong in Chinese language. I'm not against this kind of work, and because people have attacked too much for the last two decades. This kind of learning has almost become a masterpiece, so I can't bear to fall, and I have also written to expound (that is, "Understanding Creation and Appreciation", which was published in the sixth issue of the second volume of "Regeneration"). In this article, I explain that the immediate object of understanding is the work itself. From this work itself, the author's situation is revealed, the author's mood is inferred, and the author's life insight is pointed out. I also explained the whole process of creation, and finally explained the appreciation based on the Tongcheng School, which is a collection of literary titles. So I'm not against connoisseurship or tasting. But it is okay to call me an appreciator, and it is okay to call me an actual connoisseur. But I am told that I have gained appreciation, but I am a little embarrassed. I can't say it. Because this is not talking about the Eastern Unitary. So all I can say is what I can say. If it can be said it must be said clearly, if it cannot be said it must be silent. It is not necessary to say it clearly, but it is difficult to say silently. People say that I have no objection, but that is something that can be said but not said. But I'm going to talk about it now.

Two

In "Dream of the Red Chamber", what can be said and not said is the evolution of the tragedy. This question is also the question of the insight of life, that is, the main line of thought that supports that masterpiece.

In old Chinese works, the complexity and conflict of life's insights are no better than "Dream of the Red Chamber". "Water Margin" and "Golden Plum Bottle" are very simple. Therefore, the superiority and touching of "Dream of the Red Chamber" are by no means in the technology of description. Cleverness in technology is the duty of a successful work, and that's nothing. Otherwise, is it worth watching? That's the minimum work. Of course, Wen Tong zi shun is not the place of the masterpiece. The head is very empty, purely playing with words, playing tricks to win, the result is just slippery and annoying, the biggest achievement is just to win an instinctive laugh.

People like to watch the first eighty times of "Dream of the Red Chamber", and I like to watch the last forty times. If people have prejudices and think that Cao Xueqin's technology is high, I think that Gao Osprey's opinion is high and his technology is not low. The first eighty times are certainly a living dragon, the layout is all-encompassing, seamless, and then forty times the finishing touches, but a little success, suddenly the beginning and end become active. Because I like the last forty times of the eye-catching, I also raise the first eighty times high. Otherwise, the first eighty times were just a big dragon body. Stupid laying there. Although it is alive, it does not live well.

The first eighty times are comedy, the top glory; the last forty times are tragedy, it is decline. From joy to sorrow, from prosperity to decline, and from seamless, cause and effect are connected, as if there is a reason, things must come, but it is not easy. In this way, if you only pay attention to the layout of comedy and do not read the bitterness in it, it is to fail to grasp the author's heart and the backbone of the whole book. After the first time "Dream of the Red Chamber" finished the origin, a poem came with it:

Full of absurd words, a handful of bitter tears.

All cloud authors are stupid, who understands the taste?

If the reader cannot solve the bitter taste in the book, it is to make the author curse the world and the hereafter, thinking that there is no one in the world. His bitter tears had to be thrown into the sky. Therefore, "Dream of the Red Chamber" is not a joke, not a pastime, and the bitter tears of this opening and the final tragedy are not consistent? However, if there is no high osprey's eye, where do the bitter tears come from? Therefore, the significance of the whole book is all in the high osprey.

Three

Why did the tragedy come about? Where is the commentary of bitter tears? A: One is in the conflict of views in life, and the other is in the impermanence of rise and fall. These two meanings are completely explained in one, two or two times. Let's start with the first one.

Heaven and earth give birth to people, except for great benevolence and great evil, Xu is no different. If the benevolent one comes into being, the great evil one should be born. Fortune is born and the world is in danger. Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, all came into being. Xuan You, Gong Gong, Jie, Huan, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan, Qin Jun, etc., all deserved to be robbed. The great benevolent rule the world, and the great evil disturbs the world. Qingming Spirit Show, the righteousness of heaven and earth, the power of the benevolent, the cruelty and obedience, the evil qi of heaven and earth, the evil spirit of the evil. Today, on the day of Zuo Yong's long fortune, the world of peace and inaction, the spirit of the Qingming Dynasty, from the imperial court down to the grass, abounds. The rest of the delicate spirit, rambling and nowhere, so it is manna, for the wind, and the four seas are flooded. He is cruel and evil. It cannot be spilled in broad daylight, so it condenses and fills in deep gullies and ravines, and occasionally because of the wind, or destroyed by rain, it is slightly shaken. A trace and a half, the one who escapes by mistake, the qi of the spirit show is suitable, the right does not tolerate evil, the evil is jealous, the two are not inferior, such as feng shui thunder and lightning, the encounter in the ground, neither can be eliminated, nor can it be let go, it will cause the fight to be plucked. Since it is vented, then the evil qi will also be endowed with man, and if he is either male or female, and he who is born of this breath occasionally, he cannot be a gentleman of benevolence at the top, nor can he be a great evil at the bottom. Among the tens of millions of people, its clever and handsome spirit is above the tens of millions. Its perverse, evil and impersonal attitude is under tens of millions of people. If he is born in the rich and noble family of the prince, he is a lover of infatuation; if he is born in a poor family of poetry and books. Then it is a Yisco person. Even if he was born in Bo Zao Hanmen, even if he was a Qiyou and a famous prostitute, he would never be a pawn and a healthy servant, and he would be driven by a philistine. As before Xu You, Tao Qian, Ruan Yuan, Ji Kang, Liu Ling, Wang Xie, Gu Hutou, Chen Houzhuo, Tang Minghuang, Song Huizong, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Minang Gong, Shi Manqing. Liu Zeqing, Qin Shaoyou, Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, and then such as Li Guinian, Huang Fanqiu, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chaoyun and the like, all of which are the same people. (2nd time)

The parsing of this set of myths of human nature, we don't have to care about it. It is only these three kinds of human nature that are true. The benevolent one upholds the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the evil one holds the evil qi of heaven and earth, but as for the third kind of grotesque person, it is the crystallization of the attack between good and evil. Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu in "Dream of the Red Chamber" are the basic types of this third kind of person. The reason why "Dream of the Red Chamber" is tragic is that the strange personality of this third kind of person is not understood and sympathized with.

Ordinary is divided into three kinds of people, good and evil and gray. The evolution of tragedy is often caused by the mutual attack of these three kinds of people, but the tragedy of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is not so. In "Dream of the Red Chamber", there are no fierce and evil characters, and there are no gray people who speculate on the wall. Ordinary commentators mostly compare Wang Xifeng to Cao Cao, which can be said to be a traitor. But in my opinion, it is a little wronged. Wang Xifeng may be a powerful ruler of the world, a traitor to the chaotic world, and a character who cannot be solved, but the main cause of the tragedy is not Wang Xifeng's adulterous male. If she is a adulterous male, then Jia Wu and Madame Wang are also adulterous males, or even worse. But obviously this is not close. Moreover, the Jia family cannot be regarded as a chaotic world, so our concept of Wang Xifeng is a capable minister in the world, not a traitor in the chaotic world, even if the treatment of Jia Rui and You Erjie is a bit excessive, it only means that she refuses to let people. One is to show that she hates people who are delusional, and the other is to show that her vinegar is particularly strong. The most enough to show that she is not qualified enough to rape males is to faint on the ground as soon as she heard the news of the raid. Later, she became seriously ill due to heartache, so Jia Mu said that she was a small device. Where is this adulterous male? When Jia Mu died, the family road was weak, and she was also empty with both hands, and there was no way. It was much worse than when Qin Clan died and co-managed the Ning Guo Mansion. Can't withstand the big twists and turns, and when adversity arrives, it reveals its true appearance. This is not a traitor. Therefore, Wang Xifeng is just a person who pours water, and she can be prominent when she has dependence and no worries. Once the "tree falls and scatters", she is finished. As for Bao Dai's tragedy, it is not her business, she is just a tool. The following can naturally understand this. The Evolution of Tragedy. Since it is not an attack of good and evil, what is the reason? A: This is the difference in personality, the difference in thought, and the difference in perspective in life. In terms of people, they are all good people. All are lovely, all are forgivable and sympathetic, but the love is different, and each person's personality and thoughts do not understand each other, each person speaks from a personal standpoint, can not regurgitate, can not put himself in the position, so that the feelings are not understood, and the desire is also unsuccessful. The tragedy ended in the midst of this attempt. This is the most tragic ending. Although the parties concerned cannot be hated, in the eyes of the onlookers, what do they hate? The Greek tragedy is the same. The king was put to death by the laws of the land. The princess committed suicide because she committed a crime for her lover, and her sister committed suicide because she committed a crime for her brother. Out of affection, out of righteousness, asking for mercy and getting kindness, what will be the complaint? It is a real tragedy. The tragedy of the confrontation between good and evil is straight and obvious; the tragedy caused by this conflict contradiction is curvy and disappointing. It is strange that Gao Hu can write tragedies, and it is even more strange to rewrite the real tragedy of the conflict of ideas, and the touching depth of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is at this point.

Four

There are only two real fronts of personality conflict: one is the obedient and evil unscrupulous person of The Wise And handsome Lingxiu, and the Baoyu Daiyu belongs to it. The first is a gentle and generous gentleman with good human feelings, and Baochao belongs to it. Obedient, high and widowed, not easy to be understood. Therefore, Jia Mu, Madame Wang, and even the top and bottom all looked up and down on Xue Baochao, and Xue Baochao was also moderate and extremely clever, which was indeed cute. This question of victory or defeat is naturally unknown. Let's look at the comments about the personalities of the two of them.

(1) About Baoyu:

The face is like Fu powder, the lips are like grease; the hope is amorous, and the language is like a smile. A natural charm, all at the top of the eyebrows; a thousand emotions in life, all the corners of the eyes. Looking at its appearance, it is the best, but it is difficult to know its bottom line. Later generations have the word "Xijiang Yue", which is extremely accurate.

Words: looking for sorrow and hatred for no reason, sometimes it seems silly as crazy. Even if it is born with a good skin bag, the abdomen is originally grassy. Sloppy and unsophisticated, stupid and stubborn to read articles. Behave in a remote and perverse manner, what about the world's slander?

It is also known that the rich do not know their happiness, and the poor are unbearable and desolate. Poor to live up to the good times, there is no hope in the country and at home. The world's incompetence is the first, and the ancient and modern are not unparalleled. Send words and anointing, do not imitate this shape. (3rd time)

This is the author's general comment. Look again:

Suddenly, the policeman said, "... The one whom I love is the first adulterer in the world. Bao Yu listened, and replied in a frightened hurry, "Xian Gu is bad." Because I was lazy to read, my parents were still reprimanding me, and I dared to take the risk of obscenity again. Moreover, he was still young and did not know what adultery was. The policeman said, "Non-also." Although sexual immorality is one thing, the meaning is different. Such a good adulterer in the world, but pleasing to the face, happy to sing and dance, laughing tirelessly, clouds and rain all the time, hate the beauty of the world for me to enjoy the film: these are all stupid ears of skin fornication. If so, then a period of infatuation is generated in the talent, and my generation pushes it as obscenity. But the word obscenity can be spoken by the heart and not orally, but it can be magical but not spoken. Ru Jin has only these two words, and can be a good friend in the boudoir, but it is inevitable that he will be strange and strange in the world. A hundred mouths of ridicule, a thousand eyes wide open. (Fifth time)

This is a general evaluation of him as an obsessive obscenity, indicating that his career is exclusively to deal with his daughter and to work on her daughter. But it is different from Ximen Qingpan Jinlian and so on. Therefore, "Dream of the Red Chamber" is dedicated to the realm of obscenity. And "Jin Ping Mei" cannot be said on the same day.

Another example:

The two mothers-in-law saw no one, walked and talked. This one laughed and said, "Strangely, some people say that their family's treasure jade is good-looking, confused inside, and can't be eaten in the middle." Sure enough, it was a bit dull. He burned his own hands and asked others if they hurt: Isn't this a stay? The one laughed again, "When I came back a while ago, I heard many people in his family say that it was true and a little dull." Like a water chicken in the rain, he told others: 'It's raining, just avoid the rain.' 'You say ridiculous?' Often when no one is around, they cry and laugh at themselves. When he sees a swallow, he talks to the swallow; when he sees a fish in the river, he talks to the fish. When he saw the stars and the moon, he either sighed long or muttered. And there was no rigidity at all, even the anger of those hairy heads was received. Cherish things, even a thread, is good; it is bad, even if it is worth thousands of dollars. (Thirty-fifth time)

This is an example of his grotesque behavior, silly temper. In fact, it is neither stupid nor stupid, how can it be seen in the eyes of ordinary people? How can I get to know him? Jia Yucun said: "If you don't read more books and know things, and if you know the merits of the grid, those who understand the power of the Tao and the Yuan, they can't know it." This is true, not very important. Isn't it easy to know people?

Look at his own thoughts and hopes:

"Who does not die? As long as it's good to die. Those bearded eyebrows only heard that the two deaths of Wen Death and Wu Death Battle were the names of the great husband, and they just started to make a fool of themselves. It is known that there is a late monarch who has a courtier who has died; if he only asks for his name, and if he dies fiercely, where will he put his father in the future? There must be a sword soldier, and there must be a death battle; he only cares about the merits of Tu Khan's horse, and if he dies fiercely, where will he abandon the country in the future? Before the attacker could finish speaking, he said, "In ancient times, these people died because they had no choice but to do so." Bao Yu said, "If the martial general is a strategist, he himself is incompetent, and he has given up his life in vain, is this also a last resort?" The civilian officer was no better than the military attaché. He read two sentences and kept them in mind, and if there were few flaws in the court, he would indiscriminately give advice and invite the name of Zhonglie. If there is a disagreement, the turbidity surges, and the immediate struggle is dead, is this also a last resort? You must know that the court was ordained by heaven, and if it were not for the saints, it would not have been able to account for these tens of thousands of heavy responsibilities that day. It can be known that those who died are selling their reputations and reputations, and they do not know the righteousness of the monarch. For example, if I were to be created at this time, I would die before you were all present; and then you could weep and my tears flow into a great river, and float my corpse up, and send it to the secluded place where the birds could not be found, and it would be weathered; henceforth, I would not be born as a human being: this is the time for me to die! (Thirty-sixth)

This is the philosophy of his death. Another example:

"I also mention what kind of study, I am most tired of these Taoist words." What is even more ridiculous is the eight-strand article: take his meritorious name, mix rice and eat, or just say that the sages have spoken on behalf of the sages! Some of the better ones are just a few books to put together. There is also a kind of ridiculous, there is nothing in the stomach, pulling and pulling, making cattle ghosts and snake gods, and thinking that they are Boao. Where is the doctrine of the illuminated sages? (82nd)

Xiang Yun smiled, "It's still this sex, I can't change it." Now that you are older, you are not willing to go to the examination of people to enter the army, and you should often meet these eunuchs who are officials, talk about those who are career economy, or social affairs in the future, and have a serious friend in the future. Let your adult family only be in our team, what is stirring up? Bao Yu listened, felt greatly, and said, "The girl please sit in another room!" I've carefully pickled up people like you who know the economy here! (Thirty-second time)

In short, he hated those who were economically prosperous and self-motivated. He thought it was all "lukes." When Xiang Yun persuaded him, he was greatly ridiculed by him. It can be seen that he is the least fond of listening to these words.

(2) About Daiyu Baochao:

His intellectual character is not easy to understand, but his behavior is lovely. The girls of daguanyuan, almost no one does not love him. Xue Baochao, who is different from his ideological personality, is also deeply loved. Dai Yu could not say anything more, and the only one who could understand him and have the same personality as him was Lin Daiyu. The so-called sameness is only the same as its weirdness, the same as its clever spirit show, as for the strange content, the location of the smart spirit show, it is different. The biggest reason is the difference in the status of men and women. Because of the different status of men and women, Lin Daiyu's strangeness is more difficult to be understood and sympathized with. In Baoyu, she has become the object of everyone's love, but in Daiyu, she has become the object of Baoyu alone, and others do not like her very much. Her personality, all the comments before and after, are nothing more than: sentimental, vitrioly, careful, small temper. Therefore, Jia Mu did not like her, and as a result, she was not assigned to Bao Yu. However, only Baoyu respected her, admired her, and looked at her like a fairy, falling to the ground at her feet. As for BaoChao, although he also admired him, he did not reach the level of Daiyu, that is because of the difference in personality. Bao Chao's personality is: good character, beautiful appearance, but open-minded behavior, when he is subordinate, he is not more self-assured than Daiyu, and his eyes are not dusty, so he is deeply rooted in the hearts of people. And it is cultivated, humane, moderate and extremely clever. This kind of person is the most easily understood and sympathized, so everyone up and down loves her. She is a saint among women, standing on the position of ruling the family and the world, how can she not be liked? How is it not a rare housewife? So Jia Mu took a fancy to her at first sight and gave her to her favorite treasure jade. But Baoyu didn't love her very much. She specializes in being a saint, while Baoyu specializes in heresy. The way of man is upward, and he is already out of place. Jammu is just doting. He didn't understand, so the result was just to hurt him. Not only did it hurt him, but it also harmed Dai Yu and Bao Chao. This is the cause of the great tragedy. In this respect, Jammu is the culprit.

Five

Personalities are as described above, and the relationship of love between them is recounted. Baoyu is free and lovely, Dai Yu is elegant and cute, and Bao Chao is gentle and lovely. Bao Yu himself also said, "The Immortal Posture of Bao Chao, the Spirit of Grey Dai Yu." ...... His immortal posture, no love heart; gray his spirit, no talent. (The twenty-first time) It can be seen that Bao Yuzhi has another view of Dai Yu. In fact, why is Dai Yu not Xian Zi? Just in addition to Yu Xianzi, there is also a kind of elegance and cuteness. This is based on her character. Why is Baochao not elegant and talented? It's just that her elegant talent is not the same as Daiyu's, and baoyu doesn't like it, so Baoyu can't see what talent she has, but only promises it with a fairy posture. This is also based on her character. Then we can talk about the depth of their love.

The relationship between Baoyu and Baochao is single, one-dimensional, superficial, and sensual; the relationship between Baoyu and Daiyu is complex, pluralistic, internal, and spiritual. Prove the former here.

At this moment, I suddenly saw Bao Yu laughing, "Sister Bao, I will look at your incense skewers." But Qiao Baochao had a string on his left wrist, and when he saw Bao Yu ask him, he had to fade. Baochao's original skin is plump and cannot fade for a while. Bao Yu looked at the snow-white arm next to him, unconsciously moved by envy, and secretly thought, "If this arm grows on The Lin Girl, or you have to touch it, it is on him that you hate me for not being blessed!" Suddenly remembering the matter of Jin Yu, and then looking at Bao Chao's description, he saw that his face was like a silver basin, and his eyes were the same as water apricots; his lips were not dotted but contained Dan, and his eyebrows were not painted but horizontal, which was another feminine style than Daiyu, and he didn't feel that he was staying again. Bao Chao took off the skewer to give it to him, and he forgot to pick it up. Bao Chao saw that he was stupid, and he was embarrassed to get up. (28th)

Baoyu is an affectionate person, seeing one loves one, all girls, he loves them. His feelings are the easiest to move into the object, and his intuition is particularly large, so his penetration is also particularly strong. Often in a daze, often crying, these feelings move in and out. Now when I see the feminine flow of Baochao, I don't feel that I have forgotten the shape, so I just cherish it. But this love is caused by feeling, superficial, and therefore a line. As soon as the object leaves, his love can gradually dissipate. For example, when Bao Yu was beaten, Bao Chao went to see him, and the same happened.

Bao Chao saw him open his eyes and speak, unlike before, his heart was also relieved. He nodded and sighed, "If you listen to someone's words earlier, you won't have the past!" Don't say old lady, mrs. heartache, is that we look at the heart also... Just said half a sentence, and then busy swallowing, I didn't feel that the circles of my eyes were slightly red, my cheeks were red, and I bowed my head and didn't say a word. Bao Yu heard these words so kindly and with great meaning, and suddenly saw him swallow again, not to say anything further. Red face, lowered his head, with tears just to make the clothes belt, that kind of soft cowardice, shyness and pity, it is difficult to describe, the more I feel moved in my heart, the pain has long been thrown out of the cloud of nine clouds. (34th)

This expression touched his heart again, and he forgot the shape. Even the iron stone man can not be indifferent, let alone the kind treasure jade. However, this kind of impressment is only a feeling, a line. When the object is out of sight, it can also gradually dissipate, although it can also leave a sense of gratitude.

Because of this, his love for Baochao is far less than that of Daiyu. Although he and Dai Yu often quarreled, and Bao Chao never turned their faces, they could not reduce their eternal love, and the reason was that in addition to the feminine and charming fairy posture, there was also a problem of thought, a problem of personality. As a result of the incorporation of this ingredient, the love of a line of sensation is transformed into a complex love that is both sensational and transcendent. It was complicated, and in addition to the admiration, it added the meaning of respect and high-mindedness, so in this regard, Dai Yu won, and Bao Chao lost. Dai Yu is both a lover and a confidant. Once there is the element of "confidant", then love is internal and spiritual, it is not easy to dissipate, it is forgotten. Although Dai Yu said that he "saw his sister and forgot his sister", although Bao Yu saw one and loved one, there was never anyone who could surpass Dai Yu, nor had he ever forgotten Dai Yu. Because the love between them is really higher.

In "Dream of the Red Chamber", the psychological relationship between Xu Baodai is too much and too delicate. I shall quote the first two paragraphs of it for the purpose of viewing the general:

It turned out that Bao Yu had a kind of vulgar dementia born from childhood; since he was a child, he and Dai Yu's ears were grinding, and their mood was relative, and now they knew a little about things, and they had read some of the evil books and legends, and those who were seen in the homes of their close friends who were far away did not have a little bit of Dai Yu, so they had a long time in their hearts, but it was not easy to say it, so they were always happy or angry, changed their ways, and secretly tempted. That Daiyu is also a bit demented, and she also uses false feelings to test. For you too will conceal your sincerity. I also concealed my sincerity and sincerity, and only used false temptations. When two falsehoods meet in this way, there will eventually be a truth, and in the meantime, trivial and trivial, it is difficult to ensure that there is no quarrel. At this moment, Bao Yu's heart was thinking: "Others don't know that my heart is still forgivable, don't you want to see only you in my heart?" You can't find a solution to your troubles, but instead choke me with this word, you can see that I have you in my heart all the time, and you don't have me in your heart. Baoyu meant this, and he couldn't say it in his mouth. Na Dai Yu thought in her heart, "Naturally you have something to look for in your heart, although there is a relative theory of gold and jade, are you not serious about this heresy?" I often mention this golden jade, you only care about it, fang sees that it is heavy on me, there is no selfishness, why do I only mention the matter of gold and jade, you are in a hurry? I know that you always have this golden jade thought in your heart, and when I mention it, you are afraid that I have too much heart, and you are deliberately anxious and reassure me. Na Baoyu thought in his heart, "I am fine no matter what, as long as you are at will, I am willing to die immediately because of you; you know it or not, only by my heart, that is you close to me, not far from me." Dai Yu thought in her heart, "You just have to take care of you, hello I am naturally good." You have to throw yourself away, just circling me, because you don't call me near you, but you call me far away from you. "Look, you said that the two people were originally one heart, but it seems that they have both grown more branches and leaves, and the heart of seeking proximity has been turned into the meaning of alienation." (29th)

When Dai Yu heard this, she was overjoyed and surprised, sad and sighed. The person who was pleased with him really had good eyesight, and Su Ri recognized him as a confidant, and indeed he was a confidant. The one who was shocked was a selfish heart in front of people, praising me, and his affection and thickness did not shy away from suspicion. If you are my confidant, naturally I can also be your confidant; if you and I are confidants, why should we have the theory of gold and jade? If there is a theory of gold and jade, it should also be you and me, so why should we come to a treasure? ...... (32nd)

Bao Yu was out of his mind, and when he saw the attacker talking to him, he didn't see who it was, but just said with a blank face: "Good sister. I have never dared to say this, but if I dare to say it today, even if I die, I am willing! I got sick for you, and I didn't dare to tell anyone, so I had to hold on. When your illness is better, I am afraid that my illness will be better!" I can't forget you in my sleep! (Thirty-second time)

Dai Yu took this opportunity and said, "I asked you a question, how do you answer?" Bao Yu crossed his legs, closed his hands, closed his eyes, and pouted, "Tell me." Dai Yu said, "Sister Bao and hello, how are you?" Sister Bao is not good with you, how are you? Sister Bao was good to you before, and now she is not good with you, how are you? Hello today, not with you later, how are you? You're good with him, he's not good with you, how are you? You are not good with him, he prefers to be good with you, how are you? Bao Yu stayed for half a second, and suddenly laughed: "Let the weak water be three thousand, I will only take one scoop to drink." Dai Yu said, "Why is the drifting water of the Scoop?" Bao Yu said, "Non-scoop drifting water, water flowing by itself, scoop drifting from ear to ear." Dai Yu said, "Why is the water stopping the pearl sinking?" Bao Yu said, "The Zen heart has become muddy, don't dance partridge to the east wind." Dai Yu said, "The First Precept of Zen Gate is not to use swear words." Bao Yu said, "It's like the Three Jewels." Dai Yu bowed her head and said nothing. (91st)

From extreme love, to dissecting the heart, now it is time to confess. "Let the weak water be three thousand, and I will only take one scoop to drink." As for "the water stops the pearl sinking", he is "the Zen mind has become a mud, and it is not a partridge that dances to the east wind". And in the end, it is still sworn by the "Three Treasures". Dai Yu could now be "assured". The inside is no longer a problem, but it becomes external. Baochao won. The two big fools are still in the stuffy gourd!

Six

Baoyu's "treasure" was lost, and Baoyu went mad. So Lady Jia Muwang thought of the golden jade karma, and wanted to use the golden lock of Baochao to rush the joy and attract the lost treasure jade. So they betrothed and even married. Regardless of the filial piety of the Yuan Concubine, the warnings of the attackers were useless. The raiders were also selfishly happy, and Sister Feng used her plan to steal beams and change pillars, and Lady Jia Muwang only knew how to speak from her own standpoint, and the children's own ideological character and ordinary relationship did not ask any questions or understand them. They don't want to understand, and they can't understand. Although they knew that their relationship was better, they thought that this was because they had been together since childhood. This is all they understand, they cannot understand it further, they are all laymen, they cannot understand this pair of artistic monsters. But that's where the first tragedy begins.

The organ leaked, The child was confused by his nature, burned the manuscript, broke off his infatuation, and the illness recurred day by day, and the blood could not stop vomiting. Jia Mu was horrified, and accompanied Lady Wang Fengjie to come and see, "Only to see Dai Yu slightly open her eyes, see Jia Mu next to him, and then she gasped and said: 'Old lady! You hurt me in vain! When Jia Mu heard this, she was very uncomfortable and said, "Good boy, you just have to keep it!" fearless! Dai Yu smiled slightly and closed her eyes again. (Ninety-seventh)

How much hatred is there in this "slight smile"? How much suffering? How much irony does this sentence "White hurt me"? How much resentment is there? Jia Mu listened, can it not be uncomfortable? Can you live up to your death? But he was so ashamed that he said something very sad!

Jia Mu just wondered in her heart, because she said: "Children are stubborn in one place from a young age, and some children have it; those who understand personnel affairs should be separated, which is the duty of being a girl." It hurts him in my heart. If he had other thoughts in his mind, what kind of person had he become? I hurt him in vain! You said that, I was a little uneasy. (Ninety-seventh)

Jia Mu said, "I just saw him but I wasn't confused, and I don't understand this truth." In people like us, there is naturally nothing else to do, and this heart disease is also unavoidable! If Lin Yatou hadn't been for this disease, I would have spent as much as I could; that is, not only would this disease not be cured, but I wouldn't have the heart to do it! (Ninety-seventh)

How can the reader not be hateful when he reads these two passages? I'm going to scold, "This old beggar! ”

Since Jia Mu and the others had seen it, they had gone to do Baoyu's happy event. Dai Yu only consulted a doctor. "People up and down didn't wait, not even a single person asked, and there was only one purple crane when they opened their eyes." Isn't it hateful? Would you rather sigh? The Purple Crane hates even more! When Jia Mu went to the upper room, quietly, only two or three old mothers and a few handmaidens doing rough work were there to look at the house. Purple Crane said, 'What about the old lady?' And those people said, 'I don't know.' The Purple Crane was surprised to hear this, so he went to the Treasure Jade Room to see, and there was no one! The servant in the room also said that he did not know. Purple oriole is known as eight or nine. But how could these people be so vicious and cold? (Ninety-seventh)

Who doesn't respect Dai Yu usually? Without thinking about it, no one asked. Human affection, what does the husband say? My hatred is here, and my sigh is here. When Dai Yu was desperate, it was the time when Bao Yu became a gift, while the music was melodious, and the other side was crying and desolate! This comparison is really embarrassing!

Dai Yu is dead, and Bao Yu is still in the dream. Marrying him is also inexplicable, stealing beams for pillars is a paper tiger, exposed, Baoyu is more and more confused, the disease is getting worse, even diet can not enter. Dai Yu has heart disease, try to ask Bao Yu is this heart disease? What did Jia Mu say? Knowing that they have their own heart diseases, and using Li Daitao, this is simply a joke, using human life as a child's play, neither going well with the sky nor people, how can they not act in tragedy? How can we not play the tragedy of the second act?

Tragedy is acted, hateful self is hateful. But then again, hate is only emotional, and if you think about it, there is no hate. Purple Crane even hated Baoyu, which was of course unreasonable, but emotionally it could not be without hatred. I hate Jia Mu, but if I think about it, Jia Mu doesn't have to hate. When Jia Mu heard that Dai Yu was dead, she exchanged tears and said, "I broke him!" But just this guy is stupid! Jia Mu also admitted that he was to blame, but he thought that girls should always be as good as Bao Chao, strange and obedient, it was not the duty of girls. This is a moral concept, the whole world is the same, Jia Mu also had to abide by it, how can this resent Jia Mu? Jia Mu said to Lady Wang again, "You told him the yin spirit for me: 'It's not that I can't bear to send you, just because I have a relative, you are my granddaughter, you are kissed; if you are compared with Baoyu, but Baoyu is closer than you, if Baoyu is a little bad, how can I see his father?'" He said and cried again. (Ninety-eighth)

After all, Jia Mu is an enlightened old lady, but love is not easy to understand, empathy must be understood, Jia Mu has only done "do its best in me", "loyalty and forgiveness" The way is still far away.

Jia Mu only did "do her best for me" to Daiyu, and she didn't do the same to Baoyu. Ordinary Baoyu didn't look at him in the eye either! No matter how much you hurt and how much you, how much did Baoyu ever feel a little moved? How has he ever been slightly self-motivated? It is not the result of a lin sister, cold heart, abandoning everything, out of the house as a monk! It can be seen that Jia Mu's love for Bao Dai is the same as Bao Dai's love for Jia Mu. The same is the love of a simple line, the same is the love of mother and child in the family. How the love of mother and child is the same as the love of lover!

Jia Mu is like this, why is Madam Wang not like this. Pushing the treasure is also different. Bao Chao and Dai Yu are also very good friends. This tragedy is no wonder of Baochao. The love of friends is also inferior to the love of couples!

However, although Baochao treats Baoyu with the love of a lover, Baoyu treats Baochao with the love of a friend. The love of friends is also a simple line. So no matter how you use your affection, the result is still for Sister Lin to leave!

This tragedy has no hatred, only the conflict and incomprehension of ideas and insights. Everyone is moving forward with their eyes closed, planning for themselves, delusional, and if there is nothing to do, there will be a sacrifice, which is a tragic situation created by heaven and earth!

Seven

The tragedy of the first act is the conflict of human nature, and the second act naturally takes this as the basis, compounded by the sense of "impermanence", and with the participation of "impermanence", the tragedy of the second act contains a fundamental problem of life. Try to see how the protagonist of "Dream of the Red Chamber" can get rid of this problem.

This one hundred and twenty times of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is only a description of the rise and fall of the past. When a person personally experiences a number of ups and downs, the sense of impermanent sadness will naturally occur. The first time "Dream of the Red Chamber" reveals how to liberate from impermanence, starting with the "Good Song" of the crazy crippled Taoist, it naturally ends with monasticism. "Okay Song" is:

Everyone in the world knows that the gods and immortals are good, and only the name of merit cannot be forgotten.

Where will the past and the present meet? A pile of grass is gone!

The world knows that the gods and immortals are good, and only gold and silver cannot forget.

In the end, there is only hatred and not much, and when the eyes are closed!

Everyone in the world knows that the gods and immortals are good, and only the wife can't forget it.

On jun's birthday, he said kindness, and jun died and went with people!

The world knows that the gods and immortals are good, and only the children and grandchildren cannot forget it.

Obsessed parents Gu Laiduo, filial piety to the descendants who have seen!

Zhen Shiyin, who knows the "psychic history" and says that it is "too false and truthful", commented on the "Good Song":

The burrow was empty, full of beds; the grass was withered, and it was once a song and dance venue. The spider silk is full of carved beams, and the green yarn is now on the canopy window again. Say what, the fat is thick, the powder is fragrant! How do two sideburns become frost again? Yesterday the loess long head buried white bones, tonight the red silk tent under the bottom lying Mandarin duck. Boxes full of gold, full of silver, beggars are slandered in the blink of an eye. Sighing that other people's lives are not long, do you know that you have returned and died? Disciplined, uncertain future to be a strong beam; choose anointing sorghum, who promises to fall in the fireworks alley! Because of the small hat of the yarn, the shackles are carried; yesterday the pity was broken and cold, and now the purple python is long. Randomly baking your party to sing me on the stage, but also think that other places are hometown. It's ridiculous, and in the end, it's all about making wedding clothes for others!

This commentary illustrates the impermanence of all things. Causes and conditions are treated, and misfortunes and blessings depend on each other. Not exactly good times. If you want to be completely "good", you must be absolutely "good", and if you can do everything, it is complete, constant and unchanged, so it is called "Good Song". So the final liberation is the Buddhist idea.

Baoyu was born in the land of wealth and gentleness, and his extreme prosperity was also used, and later his family was gradually destroyed: dead, married, and the Grand View Garden of the Golden Age became a wasteland full of grass! How does the kind jade not move the past and present? What made him most sad was the joking marriage and the death of Lin Sister. Bao Chao told him the news of Daiyu's death, and he decided in pain and fell on the bed. When he woke up, "I was still lying in bed." See the red light on the case, the moon in front of the window, still splendid bushes, bustling world. ...... Thinking about it carefully, I really have no choice but to sigh a few times. (Ninety-eighth time) Imagine how much pain this helpless sigh contains; how much truth can be realized from here? Enlightenment and enlightenment, according to his inherent ideological vision, gradually coldened the old disease of infatuation, color is emptiness, love is the devil, so he changed from a stupid disciple to the path of Buddhism, no longer in this world to cause sorrow and hatred!

Originally, in Chinese thought, most of the people who were liberated from this major problem of life took three paths: one took the Confucian path, which was Shushi thought; the second was the Path of Taoism, and the third was the path of Buddhism, which was the idea of birth. The Confucian path is to make meritorious contributions in order to achieve eternal life; the Taoists want to exercise their physiology in order not to die; and the Buddhists want to meditate and meditate for the sake of silence. All three seek eternity and avoid the impermanence of this world. Jia Baoyu finally escaped into the empty door, and the writer, for the sake of perfunctory people, said that this was false, not the right way. It is true that Zhen Baoyu's transformation from a confucian to a Confucian is true; however, in Baoyu's view, he is a Lu Yin! When Baoyu Shenyou was too illusory, the police fairy made a final advice to him: "From now on, wanwan will analyze, change the previous situation, pay attention to Kong meng, and commit to the way of economy." But Baoyu always hated this economic path, so he finally embarked on the path of Buddhism!

Eight

Baoyu is a planned, chronic renunciation, not an instant suicide. Therefore, when he sighed, although he thought of Dai Yu for a while, he could not avoid tears of sadness, but he could not commit suicide suddenly, and he thought that Dai Yu was dead, bao chao was a first-class person, and his behavior was gentle, so he slightly moved his heart and intestines that admired dai Yu to Bao Chao's body. Because the most affectionate temper cannot be taken off for a while, and Baochao is really cute. Although the ideological character is not on the same line, it is not a vulgar person in the end, and there is beauty in posture and beauty in the heart. So after the two of them got married, they really lived a very loving life. The following paragraph describes the living life of the little couple is too good!

Moreover, Sister Feng combed her hair, changed her clothes, and thought about it, although she did not go, she should also bring a letter; moreover, Bao Chao was still a new daughter-in-law, and when she went out, she naturally had to go over and take care of it. Therefore, after seeing Madame Wang's support for something, she came to the Baoyu Room. Only to see Baoyu wearing clothes, crooked on the kang, two eyes dazed to see Baochao combing his hair. Sister Feng stood in the doorway, or Bao Chao turned around and saw it, and quickly got up to let her sit, Bao Yu also climbed up, and Sister Feng sat down with a smile. ...... Sister Feng asked Bao Yu, "What are you waiting for before you leave?" I haven't seen such an adult, or such a childish person. People comb their hair, what do you crawl next to see? Cheng Ri's family is in the house, can't you see enough? Aren't you afraid of the jokes of the ladies? As he spoke, He smiled and glared at him again. Although Bao Yu was also a little embarrassed, he still ignored it; he turned a straight face of Bao Chao and flew red. It's not easy to listen, and it's hard to say anything. (11st)

Another example:

Bao Yu was there to return to Jia Mu to go to his uncle's house. Jia Mu nodded and said, "Go, just eat less wine and come back early, your body will be better." Bao Yu agreed to come out, just walked to the courtyard, turned back again, and said a few words to Bao Chao's ear, I don't know what. Bao Chao smiled and said, "Yes, you should go quickly." "Push Baoyu to go." Here Jia Mu and Feng Jie Bao Chao said no three words, only to see Qiu Wen come in the legend: "The second master sent roasted tea and said: Please second grandmother." Bao Chao said, "What did he forget and tell him to come back?" Qiu Wen said, "I asked the little girl to ask about the roasting tea, saying that the second master forgot a word, and the second master asked me to come back and tell the second grandmother: If you go, come quickly; if you don't go, don't stand in the wind." Sister Jia Mu Feng and the old woman who stood on the ground all laughed. Bao Chao's face turned red, and he took a bite out of Qiu Wen and said, "What a stupid thing!" It's also worth panicking and running away! ” ...... Jia Mu said to Bao Chao, "You go, he is so uneasy in the province." Bao Chao couldn't stand up, and was sneered at by Sister Feng, and he didn't mean it, so he left. (same time)

Judging from these two paragraphs, Baoyu is really cute. Such couples can be long-lasting, but they do not have to be long. One day is enough, let alone more than a year? However, although Baochao is widowed, his yanfu is also better than Daiyu.

Nine

Baoyu is not a negative person after all. "The Zen mind has become muddy, don't dance partridge to the east wind." He had to follow through on the foreword. Although Baochao is cute and the little couple is very sweet, their love relationship is not as deep as that of Daiyu. However, the main force that forced Baoyu to become a monk, according to reasonable speculation, was not yet in love with Daiyu, but in the obedience of his thoughts and the impermanence of the world. The combination of these two main forces makes Baoyu feel that life is boring. Imagine that he despises the progress of reading, but what he loves most is scattered, and what he wants to bury him with tears and everyone guards his beautiful dreams, but now only he is left with himself, making him feel that life is boring, and all kinds of hopes are just dreams but illusions. What else could he do but become a monk? It was a coincidence that dai yu was ordained, but in fact there were many other elements that contributed to his purpose and preface. If Baoyu is not a reclusive person, if he is a reclusive person who does not go to the Buddhist path and turns back to the Confucian path, like Zhen Baoyu, then it is inevitable to grow old with Baochao. Because Bao Yu really loves Bao Chao, and Bao Chao's use of tenderness has really made a plan to transfer flowers and trees. However not old. It is not that he has a hatred for Baochao and cannot get by, but that this is really the world that makes him too sad, so that he is also cold to life. This is the psychological emotion that lies within him. If he is bent on dai Yu and becoming a monk, this is still enthusiastic. It should be known that the treasure jade at this time not only looks at the rich and noble like a floating cloud, but also looks like a floating cloud in the love of children. Let us see from this passage:

After knowing that Baoyu was ill, although his spirit grew longer, his thoughts became even more strange, and he actually changed one: not only did he dislike the meritorious name and advance, but he even looked down on the love affair of the children for a better time, but everyone did not pay much attention to it, and Baoyu did not say it. One day, when the Purple Crane sent Lin Daiyu's coffin back, he sat in his room and cried, thinking, "Baoyu is ruthless." When he saw his sister Lin's coffin go back, he was not sad and wept; when he saw me crying like this, he did not come to comfort me, but looked at me and smiled! ...... It's just one thing that makes people confused: now I see that he is also cold to attack people! (16th)

This kind of delicate psychology, Hui Zijuan is not wise anymore!

It was extremely cold, and there was already a preconception in my heart. The love of mother and child and the love of husband and wife did not touch their hearts slightly. Sweep away all lust. My heart was calm, but I felt that there was no trace of illness. So he said, "Now that I'm no longer sick, I already have a heart, so what's the use of that jade?" "Jade is desire, desire can cure diseases, can be healthy and can harm life." Therefore, "desire" is the maintenance of human life, and without desire, it is time to die of old age and sickness; and the reason why old sickness and death are due to desire. Now he has a "heart". What is the use of the Lord for eternal life? The raider said, "Jade is your life", but Baoyu thought that "the heart is your destiny" and that jade is useless. Therefore, when the "Beautiful Double Jade" was in place, he had no choice but to laugh and said, "You people are not heavy on jade!" "How can a poor mortal man understand his understanding!" Since he had a heart, the presence or absence of the jade was irrelevant and had no effect on his actions, so he decided to leave the world of desire.

Only to see Baoyu not hum, when Lady Wang finished speaking, she came over to kneel down for Lady Wang, her eyes were full of tears, and she prostrated her head three times and said: "My mother gave birth to me for a lifetime, and I have nothing to repay, only this entry, I made an article with my heart, and a good middle person came out, then the wife liked to like, that is, the son's life was also over, and the lifelong no, also covered up!" ”

This is a tragic farewell to mother and child!

Baoyu turned around and gave Li Yi a slap and said, "Sister-in-law rest assured, our grandfather and son are both bound to hit." In the future, Lan Ge'er will still have a big appearance, and the eldest sister-in-law will also wear a phoenix crown and wear a Xia phi. ”

This is the difference between uncle and sister-in-law!

At this time, Bao Chao had already listened to it, these words, not only Bao Yu said badly, it was what Lady Wang Li Feng said, every sentence was an ominous omen, but he did not dare to be serious, so he had to endure tears and be speechless. The treasure jade walked over to him and gave a deep slap. The crowd saw that he was acting strangely, and they couldn't feel what it was like, and they didn't dare to laugh at him. Only to see Bao chao's tears flow down, and the crowd was even more Nahan. I heard Bao Yu laugh again, "Sister! I have to go! Hello sheng follow the wife, listen to my happy letter! Bao Chao said, "It's time, you don't have to say these nagging words!" Bao Yu said, "You are urging me to be tight, and I know it's time to go!" ”

This is a tragic farewell for husband and wife! Do you still have to read? How sad is it less than Daiyu's death?

So "Baoyu laughed on his back, 'Gone!' No need to mess around! That's it! "Come to fame and fortune, play the first level of the cage." Baoyu is still a monk. When he left home, Jia Zheng was not at home, so he resigned from his father.

Jia Zheng wrote about Bao Yu and stopped writing. Looking up, I suddenly saw a person in the faint snow shadow on the bow of the ship, bare-headed, barefoot, wearing a cloak of large red orangutan felt, bowing down to Jia Zheng. Jia Zheng had not yet recognized it, and hurried out of the boat, wanting to help him and ask him who he was, the man had already prayed for four times, stood up and asked for questions. Jia Zhengcai wanted to return the favor and look at it head-on, it was not someone else, but Baoyu. Jia Zheng was taken aback and asked busily, "But Is it Baoyu?" The man said only words, as if he were happy or sad. Jia Zheng asked again, "If you are a treasure jade, how can you dress up like this and run here?" Bao Yu did not have time to reply, only to see two people on the bow of the ship, a monk together, and grabbed Bao Yu and said: "The fate of the world is over, don't go fast!" With that, the three men drifted ashore and left.

This is the difference between father and son! I can't help but be saddened!

The above parents and wives and sisters-in-law are the most tragic things in the world. Shakyamuni was leaving the palace because of the misery of life and death, but how could it not be a very sad thing to leave the palace? Baoyu cold-heartedly went out to seek the realm of eternal life, just like Shakyamuni, he stopped sorrow with sorrow and caused pain. This is a cycle, the Dharma is boundless, how will this cycle be renewed?

The scene of Baoyu's renunciation is far worse than Daiyu's death. When Dai Yu died, she saw the cruelty and coldness of Jia Mu, but this cruelty and coldness are like a kind of worldly situation, and there is a stake in it, and I will always forgive one day. As for Baoyu's fierceness and coolness, it is a kind of fixed view and plan. The love of mother and child cannot be moved, the love of husband and wife cannot be moved, the love of father and son cannot be moved, the rigidity and softness are useless, how can we forgive? Excuse me? However, the fierceness and coldness of baoyu are not evil, so why use forgiveness? But the cruelty and coldness of such a desire to forgive and unforgivable and unforgivable are the most miserable for the world. The sadness of its contradictions and conflicts is far better than the conflict of interests that is evil and forgivable. The second act is better than the first. The main cause is the conflict of thought and personality, and adds a sense of impermanence. He wants to be free from this impermanence, what do we forgive Him?

There is evil and unforgivable, and it is not enough to repay the grievance with resentment. There is evil and forgivable, dumb eating yellow, there is suffering that cannot be said, this is great sadness, the tragedy of the first act is also. Wanting to forgive and not doing anything, its fierceness is far better than forgivability, relatively weeping, each speechless, the heavens and the earth are bleak, the grass and trees are moving, and the world is the most tragic. The tragedy of the second act is also.

Note: The article originates from the Internet