BRM1A: 72 Yugo
Length 7, width 1.9, inner thickness 0.2 cm
Cyan jade, partially qined, with attachments. The perforation is made by punching in both directions. This is a long, straight, square, sharp feeling. The inner unending edges are obliquely cut off, and the traces of blade saw cutting can be seen. Yu Ge was unearthed in the lower abdomen of the tomb owner. Similar yuge (M254:3) have also been unearthed in the Zhangjiapo cemetery.
A Preliminary Study on the Prehistoric Ancient Cities of the Yangtze River Basin
Zhang Zhiheng, Southeast Culture, 1998, pp. 6-14
This paper introduces in detail the prehistoric city sites that have been discovered in the Yangtze River Basin, and elaborates on the characteristics, origins and evolution of the prehistoric ancient cities in the Yangtze River Basin, as well as the social forms reflected. The author believes that the prehistoric city sites that have been found in the Yangtze River Basin are distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and no prehistoric city sites have been found in the lower reaches. Five city sites in the upper reaches are located on the northwestern edge of the Chengdu Plain. The six sites of the midstream are located in the northern and western parts of the Two Lakes Plain. The common law of its distribution is that it is located in the transitional area of the hinterland of mountains and plains. The size of the prehistoric ancient cities in the Yangtze River Basin varies greatly, indicating that the "city" has been hierarchically differentiated. Ayutthaya is the "central city" of a region, which is not only large in scale, but also has a unified plan for religious areas, main residential areas, tomb areas and other zoning areas inside and outside the city. Judging from his late tombs, the gap between rich and poor and class has also emerged. The size of the prehistoric ancient cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is generally larger than the prehistoric ancient cities in the Yellow River Basin. The era of the city site is generally in the Qujialing cultural period, and some are used in the Shijiahe cultural period. The prehistoric ancient cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are generally dating back to the Longshan cultural ancient cities in the Yellow River Basin. The exact cultural era of the prehistoric city site in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is still unclear. The ancient cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have moats, city walls, and city gates. The city walls are piled up from the ground without digging foundation troughs. The ancient city of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has no moats. As far as China's Yangtze River Basin is concerned, the birth of prehistoric ancient cities has a long-term gestation process, from the emergence of settlement trenches and walls to the production of rammed city walls and moats, which lasted about three thousand years. During the Qujialing culture period, the ring moat wall was to protect the common interests of the settlement and its close relatives, and the city wall began to protect the interests of the clan nobles in the city during the Shijiahe culture period. During the Shijiahe cultural period, there was no obvious class oppression and class confrontation, nor did it see bronzes and written symbols at the Longshan Cultural Site in the Yellow River Basin. These circumstances show that on the road to the era of civilization, the Longshan culture in the Yellow River Basin is faster than the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. If the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have begun to cross the era of human civilization in the middle and late period of Longshan culture, it belongs to the beginning of the era of civilization. Well, the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is only close to the threshold of the civilization era.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and illustrations are from the book "National Jade", edited by the Aurora Civilization Research Center of Peking University, and published in 2010