BRM1 A: 79 goths
Length 7, width 3.3, thickness 0.5 cm
The material of this piece is relatively special and the texture is dense. Cyan translucent with dark green mesh plaques attached to it. Perforation is a single-sided punch. Excavated on the left breast of the owner of the tomb, it is connected to the agate charm and may be one of the components of the skewer.
"From Archaeological Discoveries to Several Problems of Early Chinese Ancient City Sites"
Sun Guangqing, Proceedings on the 70th Anniversary of the Completion of the Henan Museum and the Establishment of the Henan Provincial Museum, pp. 60-64, Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1998
This paper discusses the characteristics of ancient chinese ancient city sites and the significance of studying the origin and social development of ancient Chinese civilization.
The early ancient city sites, due to the order of time or geographical differences, each has different characteristics. The characteristics of the early ancient city sites of Yangshao culture and Qujialing culture are five: First, the plane of these ancient city sites is mostly round or oval; Second, the city sites are mostly located on the hillland facing the river, surrounded by moats using natural water systems or artificial excavation; Third, the city walls of each city site mostly use the higher terrain of the hill to build walls on rammed earth on them, becoming the commanding heights of the surrounding areas; Fourth, there are many rammed earth building platforms in each city site, and some have also found roads, kiln sites, cellars and tombs, and there are rich relics, which reflect the layout design of the city integrating residence, life, production, transportation, drainage, burial, religious etiquette, etc.; Fifth, some ancient city sites have unearthed relics and relics that are earlier than the ancient city or later than the ancient city, which shows that before the construction of these ancient cities, it was already inhabited by people, and after the ancient city was abandoned, there were still people living here.
There are four characteristics of the Longshan Cultural Ancient City Site: First, the number of Longshan Cultural Ancient Cities has increased compared with the past, and the local characteristics are also obvious; Second, the site of Longshan Cultural City in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is mostly built on the plain or hilly terrace, the city wall is built of rammed earth, and there is a moat formed by soil outside the city; Third, there are many rows of house foundations, or rammed earth platform foundations, and some remains of foundations or sacrifices in the site of Longshan Culture, as well as cellars, pottery kilns, wells, underground drainage facilities, cast copper relics and tombs; Fourth, before the city site was built and after its abandonment, people lived here.
The emergence of the city is inseparable from the development of the productive forces and the emergence of private property, and from the emergence of classes and the state. Its important manifestation is the means of warfare that plunder or protect wealth, resources and living space, making the defense of fortified cities so important. At that time, the ramming technology invented by people provided convenient conditions for the construction of the city wall. With the passage of time, wars expanded and became more frequent, and the early ancient city sites were built more and higher, not only on the hill, but also in the plain area. These early ancient city sites did not exist in isolation, and some closely related settlement sites were distributed around them more or less, near or far, forming the scale of a primary state, known as the Fang State. This era of Fang Guo was precisely the transition period from the disintegration of primitive society to the Xia Dynasty, The first slave state in China. This is of great significance for in-depth study of the origin and social development of ancient Chinese civilization.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and illustrations are from the book "National Jade", edited by the Aurora Civilization Research Center of Peking University, and published in 2010