The Endowment of Huangzhou: The Boat Has Since Died Jianghai has lived the rest of his life
Huangzhou is located in present-day Huanggang City, Hubei Province. In 1080 AD, after the "Wutai Poetry Case", Su Dongpo was demoted to serve as the deputy envoy of the regiment.
Huangzhou, the Jerusalem on the map of life in Sudongpo, is full of suffering but gives birth to greatness and holiness.
Mr. Yu Qiuyu wrote in "Su Dongpo Breakthrough": "Su Dongpo completed Huangzhou, and Huangzhou also completed Su Dongpo. Those masterpieces written by Su Dongpo in Huangzhou not only announce that Huangzhou has entered a new aesthetic level, but also declare that Su Dongpo has entered a new stage of life... The prelude to guiding the masterpieces of the ages has sounded, and a mysterious sky light has shot towards Huangzhou. ”
On the first day of the Lunar New Year in the third year of YuanFeng (1080), Su Shi and his eldest son Su Mai set out from the capital under the escort of The Imperial Historian. After more than a month of trekking, they finally arrived in Huangzhou, a poor town on the Yangtze River, in early February.
When he first arrived in Huangzhou, Su Dongpo's heart was full of loss and wandering, and he had just woken up from the nightmare of the "Wutai Poetry Case", and he had a sense of vicissitudes for the rest of his life. He had been in the Immortal Realm, but now he was beaten into the mortal world, and to begin the ninety-nine eighty-one difficult cultivation with the body of sin, he needed to re-settle himself in the earthly world, find himself again in life, and re-sublimate himself in the spirit.
Re-settle yourself in the world, from a schoolboy to a farmer. In Huangzhou, Su Dongpo first faced the problem of survival. He wanted to take a large group of more than twenty people to survive in Huangzhou. In order to maintain the livelihood of his family, he came up with a way to take out four thousand five hundred dollars at the beginning of each month, divide it into thirty equal parts, hang it on the beams one by one with long-handled wooden branches, and then take one out every morning. However, even with such careful calculation, the family is also facing the danger of cutting off cooking.
In the spring of this year, Su Dongpo looked at a mountain ridge in the east of the city, deserted, with more than fifty acres. With the help of his friend Ma Mengde, Su Dongpo finally had the wasteland, he took off his literati robes, changed into cloth shirts and shorts, and became an authentic farmer. He remembered that Bai Juyi had worked on the eastern slope of Chungju during his exile, so he named the land east of the city Dongpo and called himself "Dongpo Resident".
I woke up drunk in a dream. Only Yuanming is a previous life. Walking all over the world, but still ploughing. Last night, the spring rain on the eastern slope was enough, the black magpie was happy, and the new sun was reported.
The dark spring on the west bank of the snow hall is chirping. The north mountain tilts, and the creek crosses. Looking south at the pavilion hill, the lonely show towered over the city. It is all the day of the oblique river, I am old, send Yu Ling.
--Song Su Shi, "Jiang Chengzi woke up drunk in a dream"
Just arrived in Huangzhou, the family first stayed in the post station - "Lingao Pavilion". "Lingao Pavilion" is close to the Yangtze River, in disrepair and wet.
In January of the following year, Su Dongpo led his family to cut wood and bricks, and built a farmhouse with five rooms on the eastern slope. Because the house was in the middle of the snow, he named it "Snow Hall" and painted a snow scene on the wall, depicting a cold forest in the snow and a fisherman on the water. Since then, he has often cooked wine and sencha in the snow hall, written and painted, and entertained guests with poetry and books. In a poem with his friend Kong Pingzhong, he described his life as a farmer at this time:
Last year, the eastern slope picked up rubble and planted three hundred feet of yellow mulberry.
This year, the grass is covered with snow, and the sun is blowing like ink.
--Song Su Shi, "The Second Rhyme Kong Yi Father Has Been In Drought for a Long Time and Even Two or Three Songs"
Find yourself again in life, from the world to the hermit. The various encounters in life make Su Dongpo have mixed feelings. In the "Dinghui Temple (a broken temple in the mountains that Su Shi had temporarily borrowed)", he faced the broken moon and the sycamore alone, and he felt the dark night and loneliness alone, and he found himself, asking himself, examining himself:
The lack of moon hanging sparse tong, leaking the first quiet of people. Whoever sees the ghost alone, ethereal and lonely.
Startled but turned back, there is hatred and no one to save. Picking all the cold branches refuses to perch, and the lonely sandbar is cold.
--Song SuShi, "Bu Operator, Huangzhou Dinghuiyuan Residence"
If life could be repeated, and life could be chosen, would he choose else? Su Dongpo has his own answer, and in a letter to Li Chang, he wrote:
"Although we are old and poor, the truth runs through the heart and liver, the loyalty and righteousness fill the bone marrow, and we must talk and laugh at the time of death and life." Su Dongpo has the wind bones of a traditional scholar, why be afraid of wind and rain? Why be afraid of knives and guns? In the choice of road, he would rather be a "ghost person" and "lonely hong", rather than accommodate, let alone bend his eyebrows, "reason and loyalty" and "beneficial to the world" have always been his creed in the world, and he will spend his whole life to adhere to it.
He was very comfortable with the life of the hermit in front of him:
Night drink Dongpo woke up drunk, and returned as if three more. The child's sniffles have thundered. Knock on the door should not be, lean on the staff to listen to the sound of the river. Long hate this body is not me, when to forget the camp. The night wind is still and flat. The boat has since passed away, and Jiang Hai has lived the rest of his life.
--Song Su Shi, "Linjiang Immortals, Night Return to Lingao"
It is said that the local Taishou was shocked when he saw this, did Su Shi want to escape? So he hurried to Su Shi's home and found that Su Shi was sleeping soundly, so he relaxed his mind.
Re-sublimate yourself in the spirit, from bitterness to relief. When he first came to Huangzhou, his life was difficult, his survival was difficult, and his future was bleak, all of which became the root of Su Dongpo's bitterness. In the spring of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), in the cold wind and rain of Huangzhou, in the thought of his deceased relatives, Su Dongpo improvised to write "Cold Food Post":
Since I came to Huangzhou, I have passed three cold foods.
Every year wants to cherish the spring, and the spring is not to be regretted.
This year is raining again, and autumn is sluggish in February.
Smell the begonia flowers, muddy swallow fat snow.
Stealing in the dark, the night is really powerful.
He Shu was a sick teenager, and his illness began to be white.
The Spring River wants to enter the house, and the rain is coming.
The hut is like a fishing boat, in the clouds.
Cook cold vegetables in the empty room, and burn wet reeds on a broken stove.
It is known that it is cold food, but see the black paper.
The king's gate is nine times deep, and the tomb is in the thousands of miles,
I also want to cry poorly, and I can't afford to blow ashes.
--Song Su Shi,"Cold Food and Rain Ii"
He himself did not expect that this poem would later be rated by the world as the third line of the world, standing shoulder to shoulder with Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing, which was enough to amaze for 1,000 years. His poems, full of true feelings, vigorous and depressed, full of life miserable, sad and sad, full of strong appeal; his calligraphy, full of colorful, rich meaning, in one go, has become a representative work of Su Shi calligraphy, fully embodies the essence of Su Shi's calligraphy of "self-innovation, not practicing the ancients".
Gradually, Su Dongpo walked out of his depression. In Huangzhou, he accepted the arrangement of fate, spring planting and autumn harvest, wind and rain, and deeply rooted in the soil of Huangzhou.
He began to laugh at the wind and rain!
Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating through the forest, why not groan and walk slowly. Bamboo cane mango shoes light victory over horses, who is afraid? A cloud of smoke and rain is a life of peace. The steep spring wind blows wine awake, slightly cold, but the mountain head obliquely illuminates each other. Looking back at the place where it has always been, returning, there is no wind or rain or sunshine.
--Song Su Shi 《定風波·Mo listens to the sound of leaves hitting the forest》
The more tribulations, the stronger; the poorer, the tougher; the more unpredictable, the more optimistic! Respond to change with invariance, and respond to suffering with joy! This is Su Dongpo, a short poem, but his resistance, open-mindedness, and dashing leap onto the paper!
Hony's spirit nourished his literary style, and his works began to reach their peak. In the northwest of Huangzhou, on the shore of the Yangtze River, hundreds of steps away from the Taishou official residence, there is a red cliff reflected in the turquoise river, which is called "Chibi" by the locals. In the fifth year of YuanFeng (1082), Su Shi rafted on Chibi twice on July 16 and October 15, and wrote two famous articles with Chibi as the title of Chibi, "Chibi Fu" and "Later Chibi Fu".
...... Su Ziyue: "Ke Yi Zhi Fu Shui and Yue Hu? The deceased is like si, but not the past; the surplus is like the other, and the pawn is like the long. Gai will look at it from its change, then the heavens and the earth will not be able to look at it in an instant; from its unchanging one, then things and I will be endless, and what envy! And between the heavens and the earth, each thing has its own Master, and it is not my own, although there is nothing to be gained. But the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the sound of the ear, the color of the eyes, the forbidden, the inexhaustible use, is the endless treasure of the Creator, and I am compatible with the Son. ”
--Song SuShi's "Chibi Fu" excerpt
..... The long roar, the grass and trees shake, the mountains and valleys respond, and the wind and water rise. Yu is also quiet and sad, solemn but afraid, and he cannot stay. Instead, board the boat, let go of the middle stream, and listen to what it stops. The night is half over, and there is solitude in all directions. Suitable for the lone crane, hengjiang east. Wings like wheels, Xuan Qiao dressed, suddenly long sound, skimming the boat and the west also...
--Song Sushi's "Later Chibi Fu" excerpt
In these two fu, Su Dongpo described the water, mountain, bright moon, and frost with vivid brushstrokes, and he even opened up his thinking on the ultimate proposition of life through a question and answer and a magnificent imagination, how is life meaningful? How should life face the bitterness that cannot be escaped? Should a person enter the world or be born, should he be intoxicated with the fame and fortune of the world, or should he be indifferent to everything? How should life face pain and suffering? He took the thoughts of the Buddha, the Tao, and the Confucian Schools as a weapon, looked at everything from a dialectical point of view, turned the negative into the positive, and the limited into the infinite, and thus realized the great spiritual and ideological transcendence! Great works are thus born with the sublimation of ideas!
Su Dongpo once again stands on the shore of the Yangtze River, he stands on the bank of the river of history, here, he pays tribute to the ancients, the late popular figures, talent, temperament, and deeds, let people admire. Therefore, he wrote another ancient song "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu".
The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, and the characters of the ages are flowing. To the west of the old fortress, humanity is, three kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi. Rocks pierced through the air, the waves crashed on the shore, and a thousand piles of snow rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at a time.
In the year of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and was majestic and heroic. Lupine scarf, between talk and laughter, the tree ashes disappear. The homeland is wandering, amorous should laugh at me, early birth Huafa. Life is like a dream, a statue is still in the moon.
--Song Su Shi,"Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu"
Huangzhou, like a huge melting pot, reshaped Su Shi's soul. In Huangzhou, he stood on an unparalleled cultural peak.
According to the Southern Song Dynasty Yu Wenbao's "Continuation of blowing swords": "Dongpo is in the Yutang, and there is a good song of the mushi, because he asks: 'How can my words be like Liu Qi?' "Liu Lang in the middle of the word, only seventeen or eighteen girls, holding the red tooth board, singing Yang Liu An Xiao Feng remnant moon." Bachelor's words, Su Kansai Han, holding a copper pipa, iron plate, singing the great river to the east. 'The public is desperate. ”
This passage is about su Dongpo (once) in The Jade Hall, and there was a curtain who was good at singing, so he asked, "How is my words compared to Liu Yong?" (He) replied: "Liu Yong's words are only suitable for seventeen or eighteen-year-old girls, holding red tooth plates, singing 'Yang Liu'an Xiao Feng And Cruel Moon'." The words of the bachelor must be the Great Han of Kansai, (with) a copper pipa, an iron plate, and a song that sings 'Go to the East of the Great River'. Su Dongpo laughed loudly because of this. In a few words, he wrote out the immeasurable contribution that Su Dongpo made to the Song Ci by creating a bold style of words.
After spending four years and two months in Huangzhou, in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Emperor Shenzong of Song personally ordered that Su Shi, who had been degraded from Huangzhou, be moved to Ruzhou (汝州, in modern Ruyang, Henan), not far from the capital Kaifeng. Su Dongpo set off again and began the next stop of his life. But throughout his life, he regarded Huangzhou as his spiritual home.
Source: Open the book Jiangxi