The baby has a headache and brain fever, and some parents try to save trouble, so they give the baby medicine based on experience.
The data shows that [1] 24.87% of parents often go to the pharmacy to buy medicine for their babies.
At the same time, the incidence of drug treatment errors in children in mainland China is 3 times higher than that of adults; the incidence of adverse drug reactions is 2 times higher than that of adults.
Tragedy may be hidden in the psychology of luck.
(Source: Weibo @ People's Daily )
Which family medicines are commonly available that children must not use, or should be used with special caution?
Mom and Dad, remember the following 6 medicines! If you have it at home, don't mess with it in the future.
(The article is a bit long, but it's worth reading and collecting for every mom and dad!) ）
1. Annaizole
This former "anti-fever miracle drug" was recently cancelled by the State Drug Administration.
As early as March 10, 2020, the State Food and Drug Administration had already cancelled dosage forms such as metamizole injection [2].
(Source: Official website of the State Drug Administration)
Metamizole may cause serious adverse reactions of the blood system, such as thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, etc.; it may also cause severe allergic reactions, such as severe drug rash, anaphylactic shock, etc.
Therefore, it is contraindicated in adolescents and children under 18 years of age [3].
2. Aspirin
When used in children, it may affect liver and brain function, so use with caution under 16 years of age [4,5].
Aspirin is not completely unusable, for example, the treatment of children with Kawasaki disease is good. The key is that parents do not use it indiscriminately, and must use it under the guidance of a doctor.
3. Lysine, benotoster
They can all release aspirin in the body and are used with caution in children.
4. Nimesulli
It was once commonly used in children to reduce fever.
However, it may cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions, liver and kidney damage, coagulation dysfunction, central nervous system damage, etc., and in severe cases, it may also lead to permanent organ damage and even death [6].
In 2011, the National Food and Drug Administration issued a document prohibiting the use of nimesumol in children under 12 years of age [7].
Tips
There are currently two antipyretic drugs available for children: acetaminophen and ibuprofen [8].
(Source: Guidelines for Primary Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (2018))
1. Codeine
It has analgesic and cough-relieving effects, and long-term abuse can cause dependence, addiction, and even life-threatening.
The State Drug Administration stipulates that it is forbidden for children under 18 years of age [9].
2. Dextromethorphan
It is also an antitussive drug, and the adverse reactions are headache, drowsiness, irritability, nausea, skin allergies, etc., and excessive dosage can cause confusion, bronchospasm, and respiratory depression [10].
The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend it for children under 6 years of age [11].
3. Forcodine
By inhibiting the central nervous system, the purpose of antitussive is achieved.
The Uk.K. Pharmaceutical Board does not recommend that children under 6 years of age use cough suppressants containing forcodine [12].
Image source: Stand Cool Helo
Cough is a symptom, not a disease.
Coughing can clear foreign bodies and secretions from the respiratory tract and play a protective role in the human body. If you blindly give the baby antitussive medicine, it will cover up the disease.
It is recommended that parents first understand the reason behind the child's cough, whether it is a cough caused by a cold, infection or allergy, and then use drugs for the cause more reliably. The best thing to do is to see a doctor.
1. Guaiac glycerol ether
Adverse reactions such as nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, and allergies may occur, and is not recommended for children under 6 years of age [13].
2. Ambrobrobuterol oral solution
A compound preparation consisting of ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride.
Among them, Clenbuterol is a bronchodilator and the main component of clenbuterol, which can alleviate asthma symptoms, and overdose can easily lead to adverse reactions such as palpitations, hand shaking, excitement, and insomnia [13].
If your child does not have symptoms such as wheezing, but only has more sputum, it is recommended that the use of a single-ingredient preparation is safer.
All expectorants do not make sputum disappear out of thin air, but rather reduce the viscosity of sputum, making it easy to cough up or swallow into the digestive tract.
Sometimes, expectorants increase the amount of sputum secreted, which carries the risk of clogging the trachea and needs to be used under the guidance of a doctor.
1. Pediatric pseudo-hemp mephene drops
The main components are pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Among them, the adverse reactions of pseudoephedrine include tachycardia, anxiety, headache, insomnia, and rash [14].
In 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated that cold medicines containing pseudoephedrine should be used with caution in children under 2 years of age [15].
The State Drug Administration (No. 28 [2018]) has written off the drug [16].
2. Meimin pseudo-hemp solution
Pediatric pseudoephedrine drops are similar in composition and are composed of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and chlorpheniramine maleate.
Be sure to consult a physician before use in children.
3. Pediatric aminophenol xanthamine granules
It is a compound preparation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, and artificial bovine yolk.
Acetaminophen is used for antipyretic and analgesic;
Chlorpheniramine maleate is used to relieve symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose;
Artificial bovine yolk has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying.
If the child does not have the above 3 symptoms at the same time, the corresponding drug ingredients are not necessary to use, and the risk of medication safety is also increased.
Cold medicines with the words "ammonia", "phenol", "sensitivity", "hemp" and "beauty" are usually compound cold medicines, which should be used as little as possible or not, and several drugs cannot be used at the same time.
If you can't be sure, it's always right to ask a doctor or pharmacist. (Not a clerk in a pharmacy)
1. Aminoglycosides
Including streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and so on.
These antibiotics have the potential to cause deafness, so they are contraindicated in children under 6 years of age [17] and should be used with caution over 6 years of age.
2. Quinolones
Including norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and the like.
When children use these drugs, they may have rashes, nausea, headaches, and other symptoms, and may also cause cartilage development disorders, affect growth and development, and are generally not used in children under 18 years of age and adolescents [18].
Antibiotics (many people call them "anti-inflammatories") can't be taken casually!
Antibiotics may only be needed if infections such as bacteria, mycoplasma, etc. are known, or if the infection is mixed, and antibiotics must be used under the guidance of a doctor!
The principle of antibiotic use is that if it can be used, it must be used in sufficient quantities and full courses of treatment.
Otherwise, the pathogen is prone to resurgence, or double infection, antibiotic resistance, etc., making subsequent treatment more difficult.
1. Ribavirin
Also known as viral azole. Adverse effects include anemia, headache, nausea and vomiting, insomnia, and a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin.
This drug, which is currently not recommended in safe oral doses for children under 6 years of age, must be used with caution under the guidance of a physician [19].
2. Acyclovir
Commonly used drugs for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection.
In 2009, the State Drug Administration notified that children should use acyclovir with caution [20].
Many viral infections are self-limiting. That is to say, in most cases, relying on one's own immunity can be cured.
If the condition is very serious, be sure to see a doctor and do not take your own medication.
Finally, we can see the words "adverse reactions: not yet clear" in many drug instructions.
"Not yet clear" means that adverse reactions are not precise, rather than no adverse reactions.
If the child is not sure, don't be troublesome, you can go to the pediatric department of the community hospital, pediatric hospital or general hospital to consult the doctor.
Contributing Author
Li Shihua | Attending physician of pediatrics at Beijing Muslim Hospital
Reviewer
Bao Huiling | Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital
Huqin | Pharmacist in charge of the Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
bibliography
Zhao Minmin,Tong Xiuqin. Research advances in factors related to the rupture of ovarian luteum. World Latest Medicine Information (Electronic Version) 2019 Vo1.19 No.06.10.19613/j.cnki.1671-3141.2019.06.051
[2] Ho Wen-Kuang,Wang Ya-Fen,Wu Hsin-Hung,et al. Ruptured corpus luteum with hemoperitoneum: case characteristics and demographic changes over time[J]. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,2009,48(2).
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