Premature baby calcium and phosphorus deficiency is easy to affect bone development, how to help premature babies calcium supplementation, phosphorus supplementation?
Many parents know that supplementing with vitamin D while supplementing with calcium helps the baby's calcium absorption and helps the baby's bone development. In fact, in addition to vitamin D, phosphorus is also a good helper to promote calcium absorption and retention.
Calcium and phosphorus help your baby maintain bone mass and bone stiffness
From the early embryonic stage to the development of infants, young children and adolescents, babies have always had a need for calcium and phosphorus.
When bones grow, bone collagen and other proteins, bone cells constitute the basic bone structure, bone salts add hardness to bones on the basis of bone structure, calcium and phosphorus are the important trace elements that make up bone salts1.
Premature babies have a greater demand for calcium and phosphorus than full-term babies, and are more prone to calcium and phosphorus deficiencies, and even calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, resulting in rickets, arrhythmias and other problems2. This is due to the lack of nutrition accumulation process in the late pregnancy of premature babies, the body calcium and phosphorus reserves at birth are less than those of full-term babies, while the kidneys are immature, the amount of calcium and phosphorus excreted in the urine is more, and the body grows and develops rapidly after birth, so that the baby's original "short supply" of calcium and phosphorus reserves is more "stretched".
Therefore, after birth, premature babies need to monitor blood calcium and phosphorus levels, and make up for the deficiencies in time, promote bone mineralization, help premature babies catch up with growth, and improve quality of life2.
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How can I supplement my premature baby with calcium and phosphorus?
Premature babies are the first to breastfeed, but the calcium and phosphorus levels in breast milk are difficult to meet the rapid growth needs of premature babies, so preterm babies who are exclusively breastfed need to use breast milk nutritional supplements containing calcium and phosphorus or calcium and phosphorus fortifications to fill the gap.
For formula-fed premature babies, you can choose a formula fortified with calcium and phosphorus, or vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus supplementation in moderation when using preterm infant formula.
It is recommended that premature babies supplement calcium 120-140 mg/kg per day; phosphorus supplementation 60-90 mg/kg; try to maintain a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (calcium supplement: phosphorus supplementation) 1.5-2.0, that is, when calcium supplementation is 120 mg/kg, phosphorus supplementation is 60-80 mg/kg. This ratio is conducive to the absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus by the body of premature babies, and is more conducive to bone development3.
It should be noted that supplements and fortified formula powders need to be used under the guidance and monitoring of doctors, and some premature babies with smaller gestational age and low birth weight also need to be regularly checked for changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels in order to adjust the amount of supplement in time.
In addition, mothers also belong to the people who urgently need calcium and phosphorus supplementation. On the one hand, the mother's nutritional status during pregnancy has a direct impact on embryonic development and nutrient accumulation, and the mother's calcium intake during pregnancy is high, and the bone mineral content of the baby after birth will also increase; on the other hand, the mother herself is more prone to low blood calcium due to pregnancy, resulting in an increase in the risk of osteoporosis, pregnancy complications and other problems4. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers regularly monitor bone density and serum calcium and phosphorus levels during pregnancy, especially in the middle and third trimesters of pregnancy, and appropriately supplement calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and other nutrients under the guidance of doctors to provide protection for their own and their baby's health.
All in all, calcium, phosphorus as an indispensable mineral for the baby's growth and development, parents should pay attention to the calcium and phosphorus levels of premature babies, and use supplements appropriately under the guidance and monitoring of doctors to help baby bone development and care for baby's bone health.
bibliography
1. Yao Rongying, et al. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2007; 15(1): 62-64.
2. Du Juan. Digest of the World's Latest Medical Information. 2015; 15(79): 53,91.
3. Agostoni C, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010; 50(1): 85-91.
4. Xing Lingling, et al. Chinese Journal of Eugenics and Genetics. 2001; 9(1): 60.
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