Tang Yin, also spelled Bohu, is a well-known talent in Chinese folk. In the legendary story "Dot Autumn Fragrance", he has unlimited scenery. Wherever he goes, others give a thumbs up when they hear his name. But in reality, Tang Yin has not always been as beautiful as the people in the play.
When Tang Yin was twenty-five or six years old, his parents, wives and children died one after another.
He went on an expedition with the encouragement of his friends, but he was there
When participating in the examination, he was unfortunately involved in a fraud case in the field and was questioned and imprisoned. After escaping from danger, Tang Yin was given the title of a minor official, but abandoned the official and returned to his hometown.
The family could not understand his behavior,
The brother separated from him, and his wife also asked for a divorce. Therefore, in his anger, Tang Yin wrote down the following "Yanzhi" with a pen, in which five "no" words were used in a row, showing the literati style.
I. Appreciation of "Speech Chronicles"
"Yan Zhi" - Ming Tang Bohu
No alchemy, no sitting meditation, no cultivation for the merchants.
Idle to write on the green mountain to sell, do not make the world make evil money!
Translation of the poem: I don't go to be a Taoist monk, nor do I go to be a monk. I can't do business or farm. When I have nothing to do, I will paint some paintings to sell, and I will not spend the money I get from doing evil!
In the eleventh year of the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming (1498 AD), Tang Yin participated in the township examination to understand the Yuan. At that time, he wrote poetry with great ambition
"Immortal when the name is not obvious, and then pick the lamp to read the article"
, prepare to go to the test with a bang. As a result, he was unfortunately involved in a fraud case.
In the end, although the case was found to have nothing to do with him, the imperial court gave him a small official to do, but he suddenly felt the darkness in the official field, so he chose to abandon the official and return to his hometown.
Before Tang Yin was twenty-five years old, his family was quite wealthy. Xu Xiake's ancestor, the wealthy merchant Xu Jing, was still his son and nephew. Because of this origin,
He was well educated from an early age. Poetry, books, paintings are excellent
。
Usually, he likes to communicate with Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming and others, discuss calligraphy and painting techniques and essay practices, and "advocate ancient chinese words".
After the kechang case was resolved, he resolutely chose to return to his hometown.
He thought that he could make a living by relying on his Danqing magic pen, and he didn't have to be a petty official and suffer from those nests. But his brother and his remarried wife clearly had no confidence in him in this regard.
The first sentence of the poem says, "No alchemy, no sitting meditation," which means not being a monk. During the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu wrote a famous article entitled "Greeting the Bones of the Buddha", accusing the large-scale popularization of Buddhism of the damage to agricultural production and social order.
Some "monks" used the name of "propagating the Dharma" to occupy the fields and accumulate wealth, but they did not work hard but became richer than the princes. After the "three martial arts to destroy the Buddha", this kind of behavior was resisted, but the lawless people did bad things, often borrowing their homes to avoid disasters, so that the empty door gradually became a place to hide dirt and dirt.
After the Ming Dynasty, the reputation of monks in the folk was already very poor. Those who have seen "Laughing Forest Guangji" know that the monks have always been the object of ridicule, and in the minds of the sober-minded people at that time, they were nothing more than the moths of the country. Monks usually do not farm, even if they do not farm, idle things will deceive women and the elderly of money, and even engage in some dirty deeds.
The second sentence of the poem says, "No merchants do not cultivate the land," because
In ancient times, merchants were of low status, but in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the behavior of merchants was already common. Tang Yin did not go into business, mainly because he was arrogant and arrogant, unwilling to bargain with people, and he could not farm.
He was good at painting Danqing, so he planned to specialize in painting. Put the good mountains and waters you see in your mind, shape the end of the pen, and exchange those beautiful things for money.
At the end of the writing, Tang Yin said with special confidence, "I don't use the evil money in the world!" "What kind of money is evil money?" When a petty official exploits the people and extracts money from the poor, this is money for evil!
2. Tang Bohu, the talented son of Wu Zhong
Tang Bohu lived a very comfortable life before his youth, and when his parents were alive, he was carefree. So he said in the "Book of Correspondence" he wrote,
His ambition is to "taste the self-proclaimed man of the cloth, mr. Hou Lulian and the Zhu family"
If it were not for the sudden change in his family, he would not even be willing to try to gain fame.
When his family changed, his livelihood was also affected. Only under the persuasion of his friend Zhu Yunming, he went to participate in the scientific expedition. Very smoothly, he won the first place xieyuan in the township examination, so later people liked to call him "Tang Xieyuan".
At that time, he did not really understand the darkness of the officialdom, so he desperately picked up the lamp to read at night, hoping to achieve fame. On the way to Beijing to catch the exam, he met a man named Xu Jing.
There are also data showing that this Xu Jing originally had some origins with the Tang family, and was regarded as his son and nephew, and Xu Jing was also the ancestor of Xu Xiake, a famous traveler of the Ming Dynasty.
It was this Xu Jing who finally spent money to buy the test questions of Cheng Minzheng, the chief examiner of the examination. The main examiner, Cheng Minzheng, was later impeached and directly implicated tang Bohu. Tang Bohu was demoted to a Zhejiang official in the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500 AD), so he returned home in anger and broke up with his family.
Tang Bohu was very casual, although there was no floating wealth, but later he was able to build a "peach blossom dock" in his hometown, and he was often full of friends. It can be seen that when he was alive, his talent was affirmed by the world.
In terms of poetry creation, Wen Zhengming said: He is always very casual about the poems he composes for socializing, and does not pay attention to wording.
For non-social poems, he wrote more richly and elaborately.
He liked the style of the Book of Poetry, so he was indulgent when he wrote it, and began to learn Bai Juyi after middle age. Therefore, his poems are written plain and straightforward, and they are easy to understand.
For example, the well-known "Peach Blossom Anthem" is a typical example
。 The whole poem does not have a strange word, but there is still an allusion at the end of the sentence such as "Tomb of The Five Tombs of Haojie". Other words:
Speaking the vernacular while using the canon is a significant feature of Tang Yin's poetry.
In addition to the "Yanzhi" and "Peach Blossom Anthem" mentioned earlier in this article
，
He also created a poem "Love Vegetable Words" in the late period, the first few sentences are "I love vegetables, I love vegetables", "Shangshan Zhi is also there, Xishan Zhi is also there, Sihao and Yiqi, there are dishes that refuse to sell".
Slang is cleverly integrated into allusions, which reads very witty and even makes people feel like a slip of the tongue. For Tang Yin's poetic style, some mainland scholars in the early years believed that he "destroyed the tradition of poetry."
However, in recent years, they have changed their views and begun to praise Tang Yin for his true feelings and straightforwardness. This is a bold innovation of Tang Yin's poetry on the basis of Bai Juyi's poetry.
Tang Yin's poetic style of "respect and reason" is unique and is a representative figure of Wuzhong poetry in the Ming Dynasty. Later, his idea of "respecting feelings and suppressing reason" also inspired Li Zhen, Yuan Hongdao, and others of the Late Ming Spiritual School.
epilogue
Ancient Confucians said, "All things are inferior, but only reading is high." But what is reading for? Reading is for the purpose of earning a career. That is, the so-called "learning to become a literary martial art, goods in the imperial family."
Therefore, the serious readers of the ancient times should hang their heads on the beams and use the cold window of ten years to exchange for a career. In addition to studying, monasticism, business and farming are not preferred.
Tang Yin experienced the darkness of the officialdom twice in his life,
The first time he returned to his hometown due to the Kechang case, he angrily chose to give up his career. But he refused to work in agriculture and business, nor did he despise being a monk. That's because he does have the ability to make money with just one brush of his own.
But here it comes
At the age of forty-five, Tang Yin could not resist the temptation, and entered the official field for the second time and became an aide to Zhu Chenhao, the King of Ning.
This time
Fortunately, he knew it early and found that King Ning had already had "different aspirations", so he pretended to escape before the other party rebelled.
Since then, he has returned to his "Peach Blossom Temple" and become a "Peach Blossom Fairy" who is at ease.