Health everyone talks about
Today is World Kidney Day
This year's theme is "Kidney Health for All"
Greater
Snow
Low back pain, hair loss, leg cramps... Are these all manifestations of bad kidneys? What bad habits can hurt your kidneys? What are some good habits that can protect the kidneys and make them healthier?
Recently, Professor Zhou Fude, deputy director and chief physician of the Department of Nephrology of Peking University First Hospital, made a guest appearance in the "Health Everyone Talks" live broadcast room, and gave authoritative answers to the topic of kidney health that the public cares about.
The kidneys are not good
The body will call the police
In daily life, everyone seems to often put "bad kidneys" on their lips. For example, if you have a lot of hair loss, a swollen face in the morning, waist pain, leg cramps, etc., you will wonder if your kidneys are not good. So, do these manifestations really mean that there is a kidney problem? In fact, only the face swelling and leg cramps in the morning may indicate a kidney problem, while hair loss and low back pain are not necessarily kidney problems.
Early warning signs of kidney health mainly include the following:
01
Puffiness: Puffiness of the body is one of the common symptoms of kidney disease. The puffiness of different patients may be mild or severe, the mild may appear puffy cheeks and eyes in the morning, and the severe may have generalized puffiness.
02
Hematuria, proteinuria (foam urine): hematuria can be divided into gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria. Gross hematuria refers to the redness or wash of flesh in urine visible to the naked eye, and microscopic hematuria refers to the plethroposis in the urine that can be seen under the microscope. Proteinuria refers to a positive urine protein on a urine test. The common increase in foam in the patient's urine, mainly smaller foam, can not be dispersed for a long time, indicating that the patient has protein in the urine.
03
Hypertension: Hypertension can cause kidney damage, leading to hypertensive nephropathy, that is, damage to the structure and function of the kidneys caused by primary hypertension; hypertension is also a common manifestation of kidney disease. That is to say, hypertension and kidneys are closely related, and hypertension can cause both kidney disease and kidney disease.
04
Elevated serum creatinine: serum creatinine is an indicator of kidney function, and its elevation means that the kidneys have been severely damaged. After kidney damage, creatinine cannot be excluded from the body, thereby elevating blood creatinine.
05
Loss of appetite: If you suffer from kidney disease, the toxins in the body are not excreted smoothly, and there will also be a loss of appetite.
06
Anemia: Renal anemia refers to anemia caused by various factors causing insufficient production of renal erythropoietin or some toxin substances in uremia plasma that interfere with the production and metabolism of red blood cells. The degree of anemia is often associated with the degree of renal insufficiency.
Bad habits
Causes kidney damage
Kidney injuries include acute kidney injury and chronic kidney injury. The clinical manifestations of these two types of kidney injury are similar, both have laboratory abnormalities such as elevated serum creatinine, and may have changes in urine output (oliguria, anuria) and anemia; the etiology is also similar, such as acute kidney injury is not good, it can be transformed into chronic kidney injury; patients with chronic kidney injury can also have acute kidney injury, which is called acute kidney failure based on chronic kidney disease.
Common causes of acute kidney injury are dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding and other prerenal causes, urinary tract obstruction, acute nephritis, rapidly progressive nephritis, drug-induced kidney injury, severe infection, and crush injury caused by earthquakes. Common causes of chronic kidney disease are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive kidney damage, kidney stones, drug-induced kidney damage, polycystic kidneys, gout, etc. The consequence of both types of kidney damage is that the kidneys cannot work properly, resulting in the accumulation of metabolites (creatinine, urea nitrogen, blood potassium, acids, etc.) in the body, resulting in anemia, bone disease, decreased urine output, heart failure, nervous system symptoms, etc.
Kidney damage can cause so much harm to the human body, so what bad habits can cause kidney damage?
High-salt diet
Sodium and water retention and high blood pressure from a high-salt diet can cause the glomeruli to be in a "triple high" state (high stress, high perfusion, and high filtration), which increases the burden on the kidneys. In addition, a high-salt diet has the following harms to the kidneys:
1. Aggravate proteinuria. Excessive salt intake can increase the excretion of urine protein and significantly worsen kidney function.
2. Aggravate renal bone disease. Table salt contains sodium ions, which carry a portion of the calcium ions when it is excreted from the body. If you usually eat more salt, the sodium excretion increases at the same time as the calcium excretion will increase accordingly. Therefore, a high-salt diet can lead to elevated urinary calcium levels and accelerate osteoporosis in patients with kidney disease.
3. Increased risk of kidney stones. Urinary calcium is the main component of most stones. As mentioned earlier, a large amount of salt intake can lead to an increase in urinary calcium, which increases the risk of kidney stones.
Misuse of drugs
Drugs are excreted through the kidneys, too many types of drugs, too large doses will cause damage to the kidneys, resulting in renal dysfunction, such as tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, painkillers, some anti-cancer drugs and so on.
Many people think that Chinese medicine is the safest, in fact, some Chinese medicines also have side reactions, and a few have serious nephrotoxicity, such as Chinese medicines containing aristolochic acid. This drug can cause damage to the kidneys directly, and long-term use can trigger chronic kidney failure.
Overeating
Overeating will cause the human body to consume too much sweet and greasy food, increase the burden on the kidneys, and also cause obesity. Obese patients are a high incidence of diabetes, of which about 40% of diabetic patients have diabetic nephropathy.
Eating large amounts of seafood can sometimes lead to acute kidney injury. Seafood products are high-protein foods, containing high purine content, mixed with beer, will produce too much uric acid and urea nitrogen and other metabolites, increasing the burden on the kidneys, easy to lead to hyperuricemia, and even kidney stones, uremia.
Indiscriminate use of diuretics
Diuretics are a type of medication that helps patients urinate, and some beauty lovers or people with high blood pressure use diuretics to lower their weight or blood pressure when controlling their disease. However, improper use of diuretics may cause volume depletion in the body, leading to renal ischemia, resulting in impaired renal function. If diuretics are used in excess, it will also cause damage to the distal curved tubules of the kidneys, and renal dysfunction may also occur.
Underlying disease is not controlled
Underlying conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes can lead to hypertensive kidney damage and diabetic nephropathy. Hypertensive renal damage is divided into benign hypertensive nephrosclerosis and malignant hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Benign hypertensive nephrosclerosis is caused by the long-term action of hypertension on the kidneys, malignant hypertension nephrosclerosis refers to the kidney damage caused by the development of malignant hypertension on the basis of primary hypertension.
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease caused by diabetes, which is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and has become the second leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in the world, second only to glomerulonephritis.
Protects the kidneys
Start by eating and moving
In terms of diet, the folk often say that "complementing the shape with shapes" does not make sense, and the statement that "eating beans or eating pig loins can supplement the kidneys" is wrong. It is recommended that everyone eat a low-salt diet and eat less animal offal.
Patients with chronic renal dysfunction and patients with kidney disease should pay attention to low salt, low purine, low protein in terms of diet, and sometimes a low potassium diet, but do not eat low sodium salt. There is less sodium ion content in low sodium salts, but some potassium ions are added, and potassium chloride is used instead of sodium chloride. Potassium drainage is reduced in patients with poor kidney function, and eating low sodium salts may cause hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia may cause a slow heartbeat or even cardiac arrest.
Strenuous exercise or sudden movement after a long period of inactivity, such as marathons, rowing, mountain climbing, weight lifting, etc., can cause rhabdomyolysis, and sometimes acute kidney injury. Therefore, reasonable exercise should be carried out and the amount of exercise should be scientifically arranged.
(This article is based on live broadcast content)
Doctor's business card
Zhou Fude is the deputy director and chief physician of the Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital. He is the executive director of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association and the president of the Nephrology Branch of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association. He has worked in the clinical frontline for a long time, accumulated a lot of experience in the treatment of kidney disease, especially critical kidney disease, and is good at the diagnosis and treatment of glomerular disease, malignant hypertension, acute and chronic renal failure, mercury poisoning glomerular disease, and monoclonal immunoglobulin-related nephropathy. He has successively won the honorary titles of Second Class Meritorious and Outstanding Cadre aiding Xinjiang of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2010), Peking University Communist Party Member Pacesetter (2010), Beijing Municipal Advanced Individual of Shide (2010), Advanced Individual of the National Health System Pioneering and Striving for Excellence Activity (2012), China Good Man (2014), China Good Doctor (2018) and 2018 Most Beautiful Doctor and Good Doctor Online for 8 consecutive years. The first members of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database.
Introduction to "Health Everyone Talks"
In order to implement the "Opinions of the State Council on the Implementation of Healthy China Action", promote the popularization of health knowledge, give full play to the role of experts in technical support, and provide scientific health science knowledge for the people, at the beginning of 2020, the Healthy China Action Promotion Office announced the first list of members of the national health science popularization expert database to the public. In order to mobilize experts to actively participate in science popularization activities and form a series of brands, the Expert Database Management Office will carry out the "Healthy Everyone Talk - National Health Science Popularization Expert Series Live Broadcast Activities", which will be implemented by the New Media Platform for Healthy China Government Affairs, and strive to aggregate national expert resources, create high-quality science popularization columns, and promote them through the new media matrix of Healthy China Government Affairs to expand the dissemination of authoritative science popularization content.
Planner: Fang Tong
Text: Mu Salary
Editor: Mu Salary