Mr. Liu, 35, suffered a renal colic attack during his hospitalization in the Department of Endocrinology of the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province (Hunan Brain Hospital), and urinary ultrasound showed double kidney stones and mild hydronephrosis, and his condition improved and he was discharged from the hospital after antispasmodic and analgesic treatment.
Zhang Haitao, deputy chief physician of the Department of Endocrinology of the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, introduced that the incidence of kidney stones is getting higher and higher, and it is young, which has become a project of concern for everyone's physical examination, and some patients have undergone surgical treatment to reduce the complications of kidney stones, but they cannot prevent the recurrence of kidney stones.
Kidney stones can induce complications such as renal colic, acute kidney injury, repeated urinary tract infections, and sepsis, which have received more and more attention from everyone. How should kidney stone patients be prevented from diet?
1. Drinking plenty of water recommends that all stone patients consume enough water to achieve a daily urine output of 2.5L, which can reduce the level of solute concentration in the urine. The peak of excretion of stone components occurs in the early morning and at night, and it is recommended to drink more water in the early morning.
2. The calcium intake of reasonable calcium food should reach 1000~1200 mg/day. If people with calcium oxalate stones require calcium supplementation, they should be taken with food. Calcium can be combined with the oxalic acid contained in vegetables in the gastrointestinal tract to form insoluble calcium oxalate, which is excreted with feces.
3. Patients with calcium oxalate stones supplemented with vitamin D deficiency are recommended to supplement with an appropriate amount of vitamin D.
4. Low oxalic acid diet restrictions on foods rich in oxalic acid (spinach, strawberries, nuts, blackcurrants, etc.).
5. Supplementing citrate foods by eating foods high in citrates such as oranges, lemons and grapefruit can reduce the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation.
6. Reducing vitamin C intake of large doses of vitamin C intake increases the risk of calcium oxalate stones by increasing the excretion of uroxalic acid in normal people (vitamin C should be less than 1000mg /day).
7. For kidney stone patients, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and high fiber can play a slight protective role to avoid stone formation.
8. Patients with moderate intake of sodium recurrent calcium-containing kidney stones, the target daily intake of sodium is 1500mg, not more than 2300 mg.
9. Increase the intake of magnesium Magnesium can be combined with oxalic acid in the intestine, reducing the excretion of oxalic acid through the kidneys, thereby reducing the risk of stone formation. Therefore, eat seaweed, corn, millet, winter vegetables, amaranth, peppers, star fruit, mushrooms, guiyuan, walnuts and other foods with high magnesium content.
10. Patients with recurrent calcium oxalate and uric acid kidney stones are advised to consume an appropriate amount of animal protein and avoid high purine foods. A high-protein diet can increase calcium, oxalic acid and other components in the kidneys, resulting in an increased risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones forming.
Stones can be divided into calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, cystine stones, guano stones (infected stones) and so on. Regardless of the composition of the stones, dietary guidance can be universal. Healthy eating is the most economical and effective means to prevent and control the occurrence of kidney stones.
Contributed by: Lin Changsong, Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province (Hunan Brain Hospital).
Editor: Liu Yuchen
Image: From the Internet, intrusion and deletion