Junior high school Chinese 12 must be tested famous books super full knowledge combing, the middle school exam must see!

Unified compilation of textbooks for junior high school Chinese designated reading masterpieces

*Marked in red is an intensive reading list

【Grade 7 Booklet】

1. "Picking Up Flowers and Nights"

2. Journey to the West

3. The Chronicle of Baiyangdian

4. "Xiangxing Scattered Records"

5. Hunter's Notes

6. "Mirror Flower Edge"

【Grade 7 Volume 2】

1. Shoko the Camel

2. "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"

3. Red Rock

4. History of Entrepreneurship

5. Base

6. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

【Grade 8 Booklet】

1. "Red Star Shines on China"

2. Insects

3. The Long March

4. "Flying to Spaceport"

5. "How Far Are the Stars From Us"

6. Silent Spring

【Grade 8 Volume 2】

1. The Book of Fu Lei

2. How Steel is Made

3. Sophie's World

4. Twelve Letters to youth

5. "The Ordinary World"

6. Celebrity Biography

【Grade 9 Booklet】

1. Selected Poems of Ai Qing

2. Water Margin

3. Selected Poems of Tagore

4. Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty

5. "The World Speaks a New Language"

6. "Chatting with Zhiyi"

【Grade 9 Volume 2】

1. The History of Rulin

2. "Jane Eyre"

3. The Siege

4. Greif's Travels

5. Selected Short Stories of Chekhov

6. "I Am a Cat"

1

Nanami "Picking Up Flowers"

Originally titled "Re-mention of Old Things", "Chao Hua Xi Shi" is a collection of essays by modern literary scholar Lu Xun, which contains 10 reminiscent essays written by Lu Xun in 1926. As a "memoir of memories", this collection of essays reflects the life of the author Lu Xun in his youth in many aspects, and vividly reflects the formation of his character and interests.

The first seven articles reflect his childhood life in Shaoxing's family and private school, the last three recount his experience of going from his hometown to Nanjing, studying in Japan, and then returning to China to teach; exposing all kinds of ugly and irrational phenomena in semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, and at the same time reflecting the difficult journey of aspiring young intellectuals in the vast darkness of old China, braving hardships and dangers, and finding light, as well as expressing the author's nostalgia for his relatives, friends, and teachers in the past.

The anthology is mainly based on memories, full of strong lyrical atmosphere, often sandwiched with discussion, so that lyricism, narrative and discussion are integrated, beautiful and harmonious, simple and touching. The works are poetic and picturesque, interspersed with humor and irony from time to time; the images are vivid, the style is clear, and there is a strong appeal.

About the author

Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 – October 19, 1936), originally known as Zhou Zhangshou, later changed his name to Zhou Shuren, the character Yushan, and later yucai, "Lu Xun" was the pen name he used when he published the Diary of a Madman in 1918, and it was also his most widely influential pen name, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Famous writer and thinker, an important participant in the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature. Mao Zedong once commented: "The direction of Lu Xun is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation. ”

A sub-sectional introduction

"Dog, Cat, Mouse" describes the author's hatred of cats, taking the genre of "cat" and satirizing people who are similar to cats in life.

"A Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas" records the author's childhood with Ah Chang and expresses his nostalgia and gratitude for her.

"Twenty-Four Filial Pieties" focuses on the strong antipathy caused by reading the two stories of "Lao Lai YuQin" and "Guo Ju Buried Er", exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and revealing the poor and tragic situation of old Chinese children.

Set against the backdrop of catching up with the meeting, "Five Rampant Meetings" depicts the feudal system's bondage and destruction of children's nature.

By depicting the incident of impermanence saving people and being beaten against them, "Impermanence" expresses the despair of the Chinese people in the old era to the dark society and their indignation at the unfairness of the world.

"From the Hundred Grass Garden to the Sanwei BookHouse" describes the pleasures that the author got in the Baicao Garden at home as a child and the strict but not lack of fun life in the Sanwei Bookhouse, revealing the sharp contradiction between the children's broad interest in life and the feudal school education that shackles children's nature.

"Father's Disease" focuses on recalling the scene of treating his father's illness as a child, describing the medical attitude, style, prescription and other manifestations of several "famous doctors", revealing the essence of these people's witch doctors who do not distinguish between them, so they make things up, extort money, and take people's lives.

"Trivia" recalls that the next door house is superficially good to the child, but in fact it is mrs. Yan who secretly makes bad, and describes her as a selfish, treacherous, and bad-eyed woman.

"Mr. Fujino" records the author's study life during his study in Japan and the reasons why he decided to abandon medical practice, expressing his deep remembrance of Mr. Fujino.

"Fan Ainong" describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the old society before the revolution, the pursuit of revolution, and the persecution after the Xinhai Revolution, showing disappointment in the old democratic revolution and sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

Biography

The six main characters who appear in Asaka Arehishi are the author's nanny (the eldest mother), his mentor (Mr. Fujino), his friend (Fan Ainong), his father and neighbor (Mrs. Yan), and his childhood private school teacher (Shou Jingwu).

Long mother - there is a side of ignorance and superstition, but she retains simple and kind love in her, which the author will never forget. From the elder mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only reveals the ignorant and numb side of them, but also praises the beautiful and kind side of them. (Simple and kind, ignorant and superstitious, industrious)

Mr. Fujino, a professor of foreign medicine, was awe-inspiring for his humble and simple personality because he showed an attitude of equality and because he cared about the studies of the people of weak countries. Everything he did was very ordinary, and if we didn't put ourselves in Lu Xun's position at that time, it would be difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher. (Rigorous and serious, fair and amiable)

Van Ainon – an awakened intellectual, but unable to gain a foothold in a dark society. He can't be like a madman, eventually compromise with this society, and he can't forget like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad, and we, like Mr. Lu Xun, suspect that he committed suicide. (Compromise, cowardice)

Father- Father had confused Lu Xun in his childhood, because when he was happy to see the Five Rampant Society, he ordered him to endorse it. However, Lu Xun never blamed his father, and he repented that he did not let his father die quietly, which made his soul forever uneasy and painful. We feel mr. Lu Xun's strong love. (Harsh, Loving)

Mrs. Yan - showed Lu Xun unhealthy paintings and instigated Lu Xun to steal his mother's jewelry and sell them. And Mrs. Yan's own children naughtily soiled their own clothes, but Mrs. Yan wanted to scold. Lu Xun praised her on the surface, but in reality he despised Mrs. Yan, because she was a selfish, mouthy woman who liked to make bad.

Shou Jingwu - square, simple, erudite, strict but not strong, caring for students, is a person that Mr. Lu Xun is quite afraid of.

2

Seven on "Journey to the West"

author

Wu Cheng'en (1506 – c. 1583), courtesy name Ruzhong, was a native of Sheyang Mountain. Han Chinese, a native of Shanyang County, Huai'an Province (now Huai'an District, Huai'an City). His ancestral home is Anhui, and his ancestors lived in Gaodian, Zongyang, so he was called Gaodian Wu.

content

It is mainly written about Sun Wukong, the Eight Precepts of the Pig, and the Sand Monk, who protected the Tang monks from traveling west to learn the scriptures, encountered eighty-one difficulties along the way, descended the demon Voldemort all the way, turned the danger into a disaster, and finally reached the Western Heavens and obtained the True Scriptures. Mainly by Sun Wukong making a big fuss in the Heavenly Palace, Tang Monk was born, Tang Monk and Sun Wukong and other four masters and apprentices to take the Scriptures and other three major parts, along the way through thousands of hardships, defeated all kinds of demons and ghosts, after 9981 difficulties, the achievements were complete, and finally achieved positive results. He praised the valuable spirit of the four masters and apprentices, mainly Sun Wukong, who were not afraid of hardships and dangers and persevered.

The content is divided into three parts:

The first part (one to seven times) introduces Sun Wukong's miraculous powers and makes a big fuss in the Heavenly Palace;

The second part (eight to twelve times) includes several short stories such as "The Birth of the Tang Monk", "Rulai Saying", "Guanyin Visiting the Monk", "Wei Zheng Slaying the Dragon", and "The Eight Meditations of the Tang King", which explain the origin of the sutra and play a transitional and articulation role.

The third part (thirteen to one hundred times) "The Western Heavens Take the Scriptures", which contains "Nine Nine Eighty-One Difficulties", and the "Eighty-One Difficulties" is composed of forty-one small stories, each of which is relatively independent and echoes back and forth, and is the main body of the story of the whole book, writing that Goku and other demons are subdued, and finally reach the Western Heavens to retrieve the True Scriptures.

Classic story

(1) Sun Wukong made a big fuss in the Heavenly Palace

(2) Three dozen white bone essences

(3) Che Chi Guo Dou Law

(4) The daughter country was killed;

(5) True and false Monkey King

(6) Outsmart the red child

(7) Three-tone banana fan

(8) Burn the pan silk hole

(9) Tianzhu Guo recruits relatives

(10) Lingshan takes the True Scriptures

Features of the work

Good at telling stories, the plot is gripping, fascinating, and readable; good at shaping character images, such as Sun Wukong and the Eight Precepts of the Pig, the image is clear and vivid; full of imagination and rich and peculiar exaggeration.

Characters — typical plot — character traits

Sun Wukong: He is made of immortals, holding a golden hoop stick weighing 13,500 kilograms and can be stretched and retracted at will, capable of 72 changes, and one tendon bucket is 18,000 kilometers. He was put into the alchemy furnace of Taishang Laojun for 49 days, but he refined a pair of fire eyes and golden eyes, which could see through all the demons and ghosts. He was jealous and hateful, not afraid of difficulties, stoic, heroic and fearless, and after learning the scriptures, he was named "Fighting and Defeating Buddha".

Typical plots - the Big Haunting Heavenly Palace, three dozen white bone essences, Che Chi Guo Dou Fa, daughter country death, true and false Monkey King, wisdom to take the red child, three tones of banana fan and so on.

Personality traits - untamed, daring, brave and witty, love and hate, humor.

Analysis of the image of Sun Wukong: In the "Great Disturbance in the Heavenly Palace", Sun Wukong shows a fighting spirit of pursuing freedom, daring to resist, and daring to act; in "Learning the Scriptures from the West", Sun Wukong shows an idealistic spirit of perseverance, courage to move forward, positive progress, and never compromise.

Pig Eight Commandments: Originally the marshal of the canopy of the Immortals, he was demoted to mortal because of drunken flirting with Chang'e, and grew into an image with a long mouth, big ears, and a dazed head. On the one hand, he is lazy and lazy, short-sighted, shouts to break up when he encounters difficulties, loves to take advantage of small things, plays small clever, covets women, often makes him ugly, and becomes a comedy image that makes people laugh. On the other hand, he also lost his loyalty and kindness. In the struggle against demons, he always wields a nail rake, fights bravely, and is Sun Wukong's right-hand man. And he can change it when he knows it is wrong, and he is still simple and generous, and he has his own cuteness. In the end, he was named "Messenger of the Pure Altar".

Typical plot - flirting with Chang'e, three dozen white bone essences, and the four saints try to zen hearts

Personality characteristics - good food and laziness, short-sightedness, manipulation of right and wrong, playing smart, lying, love to take advantage of small profits, lust for women; loyal and kind, simple and generous.

Tang Monk: Tall, well-mannered, kind in temperament, and extremely accomplished in Buddhist scriptures. He encountered 9981 difficulties in his journey west to learn the scriptures, and he never changed his mind, and with the assistance of Sun Wukong, the Eight Precepts of the Pig, and the Sha Monk, he went through all kinds of hardships and finally retrieved the thirty-five true scriptures from the Western HeavenLylei yin Temple. In the end, he was named "Buddha of Merit". ）

Typical plot - three dozen white bone essences, four holy test Zen mind.

Personality traits – belief in the Dharma, strict observance of the precepts, clear goals, firm stance, courage to move forward is indestructible; but sometimes there is no distinction between good and foolish, good and bad.

Sha Monk: Protecting the Tang monks on the way to the Western Heavens, he worked hard and was loyal, and after taking the scriptures, he was named "Golden Body Arhat".

The main characters and evaluations of "Journey to the West"

(1) Sun Wukong: Three dozen white bone essences (showing Sun Wukong's strong and straightforward character)

True and False Monkey King (showing Sun Wukong's loyalty and fight for truth)

(2) Eight Precepts of the Pig: Gao Laozhuang (showing the lust and greed of the Eight Precepts of the Pig),

Battle of the Yellow Wind Monster (showing the cowardice and self-interest of the Eight Precepts of the Pig)

(3) Tang monks: three dozen white bone essences (showing the Tang monks' indistinguishability)

Eventually became a Buddha (showing the tenacity and indomitability of the Tang monks)

(4) Sand Monk: Three dozen white bone essences (showing the loyalty of sand monks),

Eventually becoming a Buddha (showing the tenacity of a sand monk)

3

Seven Strokes of "Shoko the Camel"

Main content

"Camel Xiangzi" tells the story of a young, strong, full of vitality in the life of Xiangzi, a young and energetic rickshaw driver in Beiping City, China.

Shoko came from the countryside, a bankrupt young farmer, industrious, simple, kind, keeping everything that the countryside had nurtured and nurtured him, but he was no longer willing to go back to the countryside. Shoko, who came to the city from the countryside, longed to buy a car of her own with her honest labor. Being an independent laborer is Shoko's volunteer, hope, and even religion, and with diligence and perseverance, he spent three years saving money and finally realizing his ideal and becoming a self-reliant superior coachman. However, just half a year after pulling, the car was abducted by deserters in the chaos of soldiers and horses, and Shoko lost the foreign car and only brought back three camels. Shoko was not discouraged, he still stubbornly started from scratch, pulling the car more restrained to save money. However, before he could buy a car, all his savings were blackmailed and looted by the detectives, and his dream of buying a car was once again in vain.

When Shoko pulls her car again, it comes at the cost of achieving a deformed marriage with Tiger Girl. The good times did not last long, because Tiger Girl died in childbirth, he had to sell the rickshaw to take care of the funeral. At this point, his ideals in life were completely shattered. Coupled with the suicide of his beloved woman, XiaoFuzi, it blew out the last spark of hope in his heart. Even after being hit by life, Shoko began to lose any desire and confidence in life, and could no longer summon up the courage to live, no longer proud of pulling a cart as before, he hated pulling a car, hated labor.

Shoko, who is teased by life, begins to play life, eating, drinking and gambling. In order to drink, Shoko cheats money everywhere and degenerates into "city garbage". Finally, he made a living by doing handyman work for people's red and white celebrations. Shoko is reduced from a "decent, strong, dreamy, self-interested, personal, robust, great" bottom-level laborer to a "depraved, selfish, unfortunate, socially sick child, the end of individualism."

Lao She (February 3, 1899 – August 24, 1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, also had pen names such as Xiao Qing, Honglai, and Fei I. Beijing Manchus are red flag people. Chinese modern novelist, writer, language master, people's artist, the first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist". Representative works include "Camel Shoko", "Four Generations Together", and the script "Tea House".

Main characters

Shoko

Eighteen-year-old, tall, young and strong foreign coachman. For the soul of the whole book. Shoko is an ordinary coachman with a distinct personality, and in him he has many good qualities of working people. He was kind and simple, loved labor, and had a camel-like enthusiasm and tenacity in life, but he was also unreasonable, full of lies, taking advantage of people, and selling human life. Usually, he seems to be able to endure all grievances, but there is also a demand for resistance in his character. He has always been strong and struggling, uneasy about his humble social status. But Shoko is devastated and oppressed by the old society, and his wishes are shattered again and again by this dark society. Shoko's tragic life deeply exposed the darkness of old China, reflecting the picture of the poor citizens of Beijing living in the abyss of suffering under the warlord chaos and dark rule at that time.

Tiger Girl

The daughter of the depot owner Liu Siye, thirty-seven or eight years old, Tiger Lady is the daughter of a rogue capitalist with a distinct personality, she looks like a tiger with a tiger's brain, her appearance is ugly, and the novel says that she is like a big black tower, not benevolent, vulgar and fierce. She is a somewhat contradictory character in the book, on the one hand she is the daughter of a rich man, but on the other hand she is also the wife of a coachman, who treats people with hot spices, in the words of Shoko, she is a good buddy, but it is difficult to treat her as a woman, she is unreasonable to outsiders, but for Shoko, she really loves him. She wants to find in Shoko the youth she has been deprived of by her selfish father.

Fourth Master Liu

Sixty-nine years old. The owner of the people and car dealership, the harsh, Shoko's employer. The robed brother figures of the old society, who improved and set up a car yard, were upright and had a strong personality, and never refused to lose face in the field. Because he was ashamed of his daughter Tiger Girl, everything made her a few points, but he really did not want the hard work to be inherited by Shoko, so he fell out with his daughter, and later sold some cars to enjoy happiness. It wasn't until Shoko accidentally pulled him that she didn't know her daughter was dead, and she truly felt lonely.

Mr. Cao

Shoko's employer, who loves traditional art, is tolerant of others because he believes in socialism, and is considered a "saint" by Shoko. Considered a revolutionary party because the authorities said he was overly ideological when he was teaching, he fled to Shanghai to avoid the limelight and returned to Beiping. Later, he was willing to help Shoko live again.

High Mom

The old mother, who is kind-hearted and strong, is helpful, has experienced misfortune, and learned the way to live at the bottom of the old society. Has his own ideas, often enlightens Shoko, and is a person that Shoko admires. She retained the kindness and simplicity of most of the working people, and life taught her to find a way to live for herself in society, to do things carefully and with a heart, and to be one of the few working people who adapted to the old society.

Old horse

A coachman who is strong all his life and can't save his little grandson in the end. He is the epitome of the future Shoko, with a strong personality and a strong body, but he did not save his little grandson and watched his little grandson die in his arms. Subsequently, he sold all the property of his life, a broken car, and finally had to sell something to support himself. Like Shoko, he could not escape his fate and finally died tragically in the street.

Little Fukuko

A kind and pathetic figure, first sold by her father to an officer, after the officer was transferred, she returned to her mother's house, her mother had been beaten to death by her father, the father was drunk, the family had no financial resources, and watched her two younger brothers starve and forced to go on the road of selling themselves. In the end, she was sold to the kiln by her father, and could not wait for Shoko to pick her up, and she could not bear the inhuman treatment, and hanged herself.

Two hadrons

A self-abandoned coachman, sold his daughter to buy a car, and for a while, when the money ran out, he drank wine and lost his temper at home, and as a result, he beat his wife to death, sold the car to finish his business, and began to pull the car, drunk every day, and the two children in the family did not care. After her daughter returned, she forced her daughter to sell herself to support the family, and often went home to ask her daughter for money, and when she asked for money, she went to drink and get drunk.

Detective Sun (Sun Platoon Leader)

After Shoko bought the car for the first time, he was arrested by the soldiers because of an adventure to pull the car, not only lost the car, but also had to serve these soldiers every day, and the leader of these soldiers was Sun Platoon Leader, at this time Sun Platoon Leader did not appear. The second time Xiangzi met Sun Platoon Leader was when Mr. Cao was searched, at this time Sun Platoon Leader had become Sun Detective, but as a detective, he still put Xiangzi together, and from Xiangzi, he snatched all his savings away. Shoko's final fall was because of the shattering of her dreams, and there were many reasons, but this surname Sun directly shattered Shoko's dreams twice.

4

Seven times "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"

This book mainly tells the story of the Nautilus submarine. In 1866, a large monster suspected to be a narwhal was discovered at sea, and Professor Aronnax and his servant Conseil were invited to participate in the hunt. During the hunt, they and harpooner Ned Rand unfortunately fell into the water and reached the monster's back. They discovered that the monster was not a narwhal, but a wonderfully constructed submarine. The submarine was secretly built by Nemo on a desert island in the middle of the ocean, with a sturdy hull and the use of seawater to generate electricity. Captain Nemo invited Aronnax on an underwater trip. From the Pacific Ocean, they passed through coral islands, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean, and saw many rare flora and fauna and strange scenes in the sea. On the way, it also experienced many dangerous situations such as stranding, indigenous siege, shark fighting, iceberg road closure, octopus attack and so on. Finally, when the submarine reached the Norwegian coast, the three men said goodbye and returned to his hometown.

In Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Nemo is a mysterious figure of unknown nationality (later described as An Indian in "The Mysterious Island"), and the submarine he secretly built on the desert island is not only extremely strong, but also cleverly structured, able to use the ocean to provide energy, and they rely on the various animals and plants in the ocean to survive. The submarine captain also treated the captives favorably, but in order to keep his secrets, Captain Nemo did not allow them to leave from then on. Aronnax and his party had no choice but to follow the submarine around the oceans. During the journey, Aronnax and his party encountered countless beautiful scenery, but also experienced many thrilling adventures. The seabed in their eyes is sometimes beautiful and intoxicating; sometimes it is full of dangers and a thousand guns. Through a series of strange events, Aronnax finally learns that the mysterious Captain Nemo is still in touch with the mainland, using millions of gold and silver in shipwrecks on the seabed to support the righteous struggle of the people on land. Finally, the Nautilus was bombarded by a destroyer in the North Atlantic, and all but three captives on board were indignant and sunk the destroyer with the Nautilus's angle. Soon, they escaped from the submarine in the extremely dangerous situation of falling into a large whirlpool, and were rescued ashore by fishermen. After returning home, naturalists revealed the secrets of the seabed that they knew during their travels.

Nautilus sailing route: Pacific Indian Ocean Red Sea Mediterranean Atlantic Antarctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Ocean

Jules Gabriel Verne (8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a 19th-century French writer known as the "father of science fiction". Verne was born in Nantes, France in 1828 and went to Paris in 1848 to study law. In 1863, he became famous for his novel "Five Weeks on the Balloon", and began to write after that, and he created a large number of excellent literary works in his lifetime, represented by the Verne trilogy and "Five Weeks on the Balloon" and "Around the World in Eighty Days". Verne died in Amiens on 24 March 1905.

Captain Capitaine Nemo (also known as Captain Nemo) is the protagonist of the novel, and his nationality is not stated in the book. His true identity is revealed in The Mysterious Island: he is the Prince of Dakkar in India.

Pierre Aronnax is a 40-year-old French naturalist and professor at the Museum of Natural Sciences in Paris, who published a book in France called The Secret of the Seabed. He sailed underwater in a submarine and saw the flora and fauna of the ocean. He and his servant Conseil, who was fascinated by taxonomy, gave us a detailed description of these marine creatures, such as boundaries, phylums, orders, families, genera, and species, and made the reader aware of many marine creatures. Aronnax also told the various wonders seen in the ocean, which opened the reader's eyes.

Conseil, a 30-year-old Flemish, was a servant of Professor Aronnax, loyal and calm, and he never made much fuss. Always speak to the professor in the third person. Always so calm, easy-going, never in a hurry to get on fire – at least you can't see him in a hurry. He is proficient in classification theory, and he always takes them seriously or seriously categorizes them when he encounters them, but he knows nothing about the names of those things, and it can be said that he is a classificationist.

Ned Land, a Native of Quebec, Canada, about 40 years old, was a wild harpooner, a relatively primitive man. He will also admire the beauty of the poles, but what is more important to him is freedom, to eat authentic steaks, veal, wine in taverns, and to walk freely on land. He was well versed in wilderness survival and once cooked a sumptuous meal for everyone on an island. He was short-tempered, couldn't stand being imprisoned, couldn't stand the isolated life on the Nautilus, and always planned to escape. Without him, the Professor and Conseil would not have been able to return to land in the end.

5

Hachijo "Red Star Shines on China"

Brief introduction of the works

"Red Star Shines on China" is the immortal classic of the famous American journalist Edgar Snow. As the first book to introduce and disseminate to the world the Communist Party of China and the course of the Chinese revolution, it gained a vigorous influence in the English-speaking world, and is a beautifully written and highly documentary reporting work, which is known as a classic encyclopedia for studying the Chinese revolution.

"Red Star Shines on China" from the first edition in 1937 to the present, through the washing of time, has been read by readers of different eras, its vitality has never diminished, is the most authoritative documentary literary work that carries forward the spirit of the Long March, and presents a different brilliance of classic works. At the critical juncture of the Chinese nation's survival, Snow, who was just 30 years old, was the first foreign reporter to arrive in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region for an interview. Chairman Mao Zedong greeted this American guest with curiosity, respect for seeing as believing, and objective and impartial with a broad mind and a warm and sincere attitude. For more than 4 months, Snow conducted in-depth and all-round interviews with the revolutionary base areas in the northwest and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, successively visited many generals and ordinary soldiers of the Red Army units, searched for the local people, and conducted extensive and in-depth investigations into the military and civilian life, local political reforms, and folk customs and habits in the base areas. Snow also received several cordial meetings with Chairman Mao in Bao'an County (present-day Zhidan County, Shaanxi), which enabled him to obtain many first-hand precious information about Mao Zedong personally and the Communist Party of China and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. After entering the Northwest Red Base Area, Snow showed great sympathy and respect for the Chinese. Through interviews and on-the-spot understanding, he deeply understood that the COMMUNIST Party of China and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under its leadership were the hope of the Chinese people. As a result, he wrote extensive reports on the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army, densely packed with 14 notebooks. At the end of October of that year, Snow returned to Beiping from northern Shaanxi with his interview materials, film and photographs, and after several months of immersion in writing, he told the eye-opening story to the press, and published the famous "Red Star Shines on China" (Chinese translated as "Journey to the West"), giving the world the first glimpse of the true face of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Red Army, and the revolutionary base areas. Snow declares to the world with unquestionable facts: The Cpc and the revolutionary cause it leads are like a shining red star, shining not only on the northwest of China, but also on the whole of China and the whole world. The book consists of 12 articles, covering an introduction to the Long March of the Red Army, interviews with the CPC and the principal leaders of the Red Army, the CPC's anti-Japanese policy, the Red Army's military tactics, the author's entire interview experience and feelings, and so on.

Content directory

The book consists of 12 articles, the main contents include:

1. Introduction to the Long March of the Red Army

2. Interviews with the main leaders of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army

3. The anti-Japanese policy of the Communist Party of China and the military tactics of the Red Army

4. The author's entire interview experience and feelings, etc.

6

Hachijo "Insects"

Insects is a book about the life of insects, involving more than 100 species of insects such as dung beetles, ants, and Sisyphus worms. In this world, there are about 1 million insect species known to mankind, accounting for 5/6 of all known animal species; and there are still millions of unknown insects still to be discovered and recognized by humans. In the mid-19th century, in addition to teaching at school, Fabre and his children observed various insects in the fields, named them, and praised them.

The Insect Chronicle is divided into ten volumes, each of which is divided into chapters ranging from 17 to 25, and each chapter describes the life of one or more insects in detail and profoundly, and includes some biographical articles about experiences and memories of the past. In the book, the author describes the tiny insects that adhere to the rules of nature and make unremitting efforts to survive and reproduce. Based on his lifelong experience and achievements in insect research, the author observes insect nature with humanity, reflects social life with insect nature, focuses on the external form and biological habits of the insects he observes and studies, and truly records the instincts, habits, labor, and death of several common insects.

In addition, the book not only records in detail Fabre's research results, but also records the motivation, life aspirations, intellectual background and living conditions of Fabre's obsession with insect research, especially the chapters "Alma Laboratory", "The Phenomenon of Returning to the Ancestors", "My School", "Pond", "Mathematical Memories: Newton's Binomial", "Mathematical Memories: My Little Table", "Childhood Memories", "Unforgettable Lessons" and "Industrial Chemistry". If you look at it another way, you might as well think of "Insects" as Fabre's autobiography, a very peculiar autobiography, and insects are just evidence of his research experience, circumstantial material of biographies.

Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre (1823-1915) was a French entomologist and writer. It is known as the "Homer of the insect world" and the "Virgil" of the insect world. His more than 700 fungal drawings in watercolor were highly appreciated and loved by the Provencal poet Mistral. He has also contributed to the bleaching and dyeing industry and has been granted three patents on alizarin.

7

Eight times the "Book of Fu Lei".

"Fu Lei's Family Letter" is an excerpt from the family letters written by mainland literary and art translator Fu Lei and his wife to their children Fu Cong and Fu Min from 1954 to 1966. The two children they painstakingly cultivated (Fu Cong - famous piano master, Fu Min - English special teacher) are the successful embodiment of their educational ideas such as being a person first, then becoming a "family", independent thinking, and teaching according to their aptitudes, so Fu Lei and his wife have also become a model for Chinese parents.

Fu Lei, the word Nu An, the number Nu An. Translator, literary critic, Fu Lei translated more than 30 kinds of works, mainly French literary works. Balzac accounted for 15 of them: "The Tall Old Man", "Yalpe Savaron", "Eugenie Grande", "Aunt Becky", "Uncle Bunce", "Colonel Chabe", "Onorina", "Forbidden Birth", "Hurul Miroe", "Secha Pirodo's Rise and Fall", "The Woman Who Stirred the Water", "The Priest of The Hondo of Dole", "Bielander", "Disillusionment", "The Cat Playing Ball" (the translation was copied during the Cultural Revolution). There are 4 kinds of Roman Rolland: "John Christophe" and three biographies "Beethoven", "Michelangelo" and "Tolstoy". There are 4 kinds of Voltaire (now translated as Voltaire): "Honest Man", "Naïve Man", "Such a World", and "Chatig". 2 kinds of Mérime: "Garman" and "Gao Longba". Moroa 3 kinds: "The Biography of Wold", "Five Problems of Life", "Love and Sacrifice". In addition, he has translated Sub's "Charlotte's Biography", Duharman's "Civilization", Danner's "Philosophy of Art", the British Russell's "The Road to Happiness" and Newton's "English Painting".

Character characteristics

Fu Lei: Rigorous, serious, meticulous, selfless love for relatives, conscience, frankness, and fortitude

Mrs. Fu Lei: Teaching according to aptitude, educational thinking is very successful

Fu Cong: Work hard, be a person first, then become a "family", live an orderly, rigorous, and love music

Fu Min: Integrity, kindness, diligence and sincerity

"Fu Lei's Family Letters" is a collection of letters written to his son by Fu Lei, a famous literary translator and literary critic in the mainland, and excerpts 186 letters from Mr. Fu Lei from 1954 to May 1966, and the longest letter is more than 7,000 words long. Between the lines, it is full of the father's love for his son, his expectations, and his noble feelings for the country and the world.

Fu Lei said that the letter he wrote to his son had several effects:

1. Discuss art;

2. Stimulate the feelings of young people;

3. Train Fu Cong's writing and thinking;

Be a faithful "mirror". The content of the letter, in addition to the trivialities of life, is more about art and life, instilling the noble sentiments that an artist should have, letting his son know "the honor and disgrace of the country and the dignity of art", and being an "artist with good moral integrity and ability and excellent personality".

Reading experience

"The Book of Fu Lei" is a "godchildren full of fatherly love"; it is also "the best art apprentice cultivation book"; it is also a profound portrayal of modern Chinese intellectuals who are both ordinary and typical. These family letters embody Fu Lei's deep love for the motherland and his son, and are the true feelings of father and son, coupled with Fu Lei's profound writing skills and artistic accomplishment, these words are vivid and beautiful, and they are deeply touching to read. Readers can learn a lot of principles of being human and improve their self-cultivation.

Famous quotes from the book

Bitter tears are the syrup that nurtures your soul.

Success or failure is left out as much as possible, just try to do your best, no shame.

Blaming myself for not acting is the one I disapprove of.

Always keep the heart of a child, and you will not be left behind when you are old.

One-sentence book review: The Godson of Painstaking Solitude

8

Eight times "How Steel is Made"

Born into a poor family of railway workers, Paul Kochagin lost his father at an early age and earned a living by doing laundry and cooking for his mother. He was expelled from school for hating the priest for looking down on him and for throwing soot on the Father's Easter cake. When he was 12 years old, his mother sent him to the station canteen as a handyman, where he was humiliated, so he hated the shopkeepers who oppressed the poor, and the rich people who spent their days drinking.

After the outbreak of the "October Revolution", imperialism and reaction tried in vain to strangle the nascent Soviet power. Paul's hometown of Shepetovka in Ukraine also experienced years of foreign armed intervention and civil war. The Red Army liberated the town of Shepetovka, but soon withdrew. Only the elder Bushwick Juch was left to do underground work in the town. Zhu Helai was friendly, taught Paul English boxing, and cultivated Paul's simple revolutionary enthusiasm. Once, for rescuing Juhelai, Paul himself was put in jail. Then the enemy misplaced him due to negligence, and Paul was afraid to return home for fear of falling into the clutches of the devil again, so he involuntarily came to the door of Tonya's garden and jumped into the garden. Since Paul had rescued Tonya the last time he was fishing, and since she liked his "warm and stubborn" personality, his arrival made her happy. Paul also felt that Tonya was different from other rich girls, and they all felt a hazy love. In order to take refuge, he agreed to Tonya's request and stayed. A few days later, Tonya found Paul's older brother Artyom, who sent his younger brother Kochagin to Kachadin to join the Red Army.

Paul joined the army as a scout and later as a cavalryman. He was a brave warrior on the battlefield and a good political propagandist. He especially liked to read works such as "Oxfly" and "Spartacus", and often read or tell stories to his comrades. In a fierce battle, he suffered a serious head injury, but he defeated death with tenacious perseverance. His physical condition prevented him from returning to the front, so he immediately threw himself into the work of restoring and building the country. He did the work of the regiment, the work of purging rebellion, and selflessly threw himself into the arduous physical labor. The construction of the railway, in particular, was particularly arduous; autumn rain, mud, heavy snow, frozen soil, lack of food and clothing, open-air accommodation, and the threat of attacks and diseases by armed bandits. Once at a gathering of co-workers, Paul was ridiculed and ridiculed by his co-workers for taking tonia, who was beautifully dressed and neatly dressed. Paul realizes that Tonya and himself are not a class, hoping that she can stand on the same side as him, but she refuses, and the feelings of the two people have to be split, and Paul has left Tonya. By the time she was seen again while building the railroad, she was married to a wealthy engineer.

When Paul was the secretary of the Youth League Committee at the railway factory, he had frequent contact with Lida, a member of the Youth League Committee, at work, but Paul resisted his feelings for Lida in the spirit of "cattle fly", and later he mistook Lida's brother for her lover, and finally made up his mind to cut off their feelings, thus losing the opportunity to fall in love with her. At the end of the road construction work, Paul fell ill with typhoid fever and developed pneumonia, and the organization had to send Paul back to his hometown to recuperate. Halfway through, the news that Paul was dead was misheard, but Paul returned to the human world after defeating death for the fourth time. After recovering from his illness, he returned to work and joined the party. Due to various injuries and illnesses and selfless work and labor, Paul's health deteriorated and he lost his ability to work, and the party organization had to dismiss him from his job and let him be hospitalized for a long time.

While recuperating in the thalassotherapy, he met daya, a female migrant worker, and fell in love. While paul continued to help Daya progress, he began to study tenaciously and strengthen his writing skills. By 1927, Paul was paralyzed and then blind, and the raging disease finally bound the warrior, who was full of fighting passion, to his bed. Paul also had suicidal thoughts at one point, but he soon came out of the trough. Paralyzed, blind and inexperienced, he began his heroic career, literary creation. Paul endured great physical and mental suffering, first making a frame out of cardboard. Six months later, the manuscript was lost when a friend sent it back, and Paul was discouraged. Later, he perked up, dictated it himself, and asked someone to record it. With the help of his mother and wife, his novel Born of the Storm, which he wrote with his life, was finally published. The iron ring of life has been completely shattered, and Paul takes up a new weapon and begins a new life.

Nikolai Ayekesevich Ostrovsky (1904-1936), writer of the Soviet proletarian revolution, was born in Ukraine to an ordinary working-class family, began his working career at the age of 12, joined the Komsomol at the age of 15, and participated in the civil war to defend Soviet power. In 1920, he was seriously injured and threw himself into the tide of economic construction, successively responsible for the leadership of the regiment and the party at the lower and middle levels, and was an "excellent communist fighter" of the Soviets. After a relapse of injuries that left him paralyzed and blind in both eyes, he embarked on the path of literary creation, receiving the order of Lenin, the country's highest honor in 1935, and dying in 1936. He wrote a few works in his lifetime, the most famous of which is How Steel is Made.

Paul Kochagin

Born into a poor family of Ukrainian railway workers, he lost his father at an early age and was very poor. It was up to her mother to do laundry and cook for people, and it was not until her brother worked that she improved. Later, he worked in the Provincial Suppression Committee. His wife was Daya Kochakina, the third lover.

Paul's personality: tenacious, persistent, hardworking, enterprising, brave, dedicated, tolerant, honest, strong, not succumbing to fate.

Paul Spirit: The spirit of self-sacrifice, tenacious will, unswerving faith, and the spirit of loving reading.

Tonya

Paul's first love is the daughter of a forester; pure and kind, beautiful and moving. She introduced the novel "The Bullfly" to Paul. The book inspired his thoughts. Tonya met Paul Kochakin by chance, and because of his stubbornness and enthusiasm she unconsciously liked him, but because of her class origin, she did not participate in the great struggle to defend Soviet power like many young people of the time, and Paul gave up their feelings.

Zhu Helai

A Communist, a strong soldier of the Red Army, good at leading and organizing the masses, he united the broad masses of workers and educated countless young people well in the revolutionary struggle, and Paul grew up by his education and training.

Artyom

Was Paul's older brother, a train driver, fitter, and chairman of the municipal soviet. He had the noble qualities of the working class, fought tirelessly against the enemy, and he was Jukhlai's best assistant.

Lida

A good Communist Party member was the object of Paul's deep affection; beautiful, witty, dressed simply and competently, kind and determined. She loves work, is good at giving advice, can actively respond to emergencies, and does not let private feelings affect the overall situation of work. She loves hates, loves the communism she believes in, and is like-minded and cooperative with Paul.

9

Jiu Shang Selected Poems of Ai Qing

About the Author

(March 27, 1910 – May 5, 1996) was a great modern Chinese poet. His original name was Jiang Haicheng, and his pen names were Gu Jia and Ke Ah. Jinhua people in Zhejiang. In 1932, he joined the Chinese Left-Wing Artists Union in Shanghai. In 1933, he published a long poem "Dayan River - My Nanny" under Ai Qing's pen name for the first time, which was sincere in feelings, fresh in poetry style, and sensational in the poetry world. Later, he successively published poetry collections such as "Dayan River" (1939), "Torch" (1941), "Toward the Sun" (1947), etc., with strong brushstrokes and strong feelings, pouring out his feelings for the motherland and the people. After liberation, the collection of poems includes "Cheer Collection" and "Spring". After 1948, he published poems such as "On the Tip of the Wave" and "Hymn of Light". Published "Ai Qing Anthology" and so on. There are also collections of essays such as "On Poetry", "On Poetry", "On New Poetry" and so on. In 1985, he was awarded the highest medal of the French order of art. His poems "I Love This Land" and "Dayan River - My Nanny" were selected to be included in the chinese language textbook of the renjiao version.

Poetic style

In terms of poetic style: Before liberation, Ai Qing cursed the darkness and praised the light with deep, agitated and unrestrained brushstrokes; after the founding of the People's Republic, he continued to praise the people, praise the light, and think about life. His "Return" song is more extensive, more thoughtful, more emotional, more diverse, and more mature in art. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the poetry collections published include "Cheer Collection", "Red Star of The Jewel", "On the Headland", "Spring", "The Song of Return", "Colorful Poems", "Extraterritorial Collection", "Snow Lotus", "Selected Poems of Ai Qing" and so on. Ai Qing became a family with his singing full of artistic personality, and practiced his poetic aesthetic proposition of "simplicity, simplicity, concentration and brightness".

Classic quotes

1. Why do I always have tears in my eyes? Because I love this land deeply.

2. The people do not like lies, no matter how pretentious, how grandiose they are, they will not touch people's hearts. Everyone has a scale in their hearts to measure language.

3. The pain and joy of the individual must be integrated into the pain and joy of the times.

4. There is no eternal night on earth, and there is no eternal winter in the world.

5. For our once dead earth, under the clear sky, has been resurrected! Suffering has also become a memory, and in its warm chest, it will be the blood of the fighters that will re-empt.

6. A tree, a tree, standing alone with each other, the wind and the air, telling their distance. But under the cover of the soil, their roots stretched out, and in the invisible depths, they entangled the roots and whiskers together.

10

Jiushang "Water Margin"

"Water Margin" mainly describes the story of one hundred and eight good men led by Song Jiang in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty in Liangshan, Shandong.

Because he had offended the government, Shi Jin was denounced, and out of helplessness, he had to run to a foreign country. Later, he met a junior officer Lu Da, the two of them chatted in the restaurant, learned that the restaurant selling singing father and daughter were bullied by the local bully Zheng Tu, Lu Da gave silver in the battle, sent the father and daughter back to their hometown, and took the initiative to find the door, three punches to kill Zheng Tu. Afterwards, he abandoned his post and fled, and went to Mount Wutai to become a monk, with the legal name of "Zhishen".

Lu Zhi could not stand the constraints of the Buddhist rules and precepts, and the elders of the temple had to introduce him to the Daxiangguo Temple in Tokyo (Kaifeng) to take care of the vegetable garden. During this time, he met Lin Chong, the leader of the 800,000 Forbidden Army in Tokyo, by chance. When Gao Yannei, the son of Gao Taiwei, coveted Lin Chong's wife's beauty, he designed to frame Lin Chong, framed him for "carrying a knife" into the White Tiger Hall, sent him to Cangzhou, and attempted to kill Lin Chong on the way. Fortunately, Thanks to Lu Zhishen's secret escort all the way, he was able to overcome the danger. After Lin Chongfa was assigned to Cangzhou, he killed his enemy and went to Liangshan when he could not bear it.

Near Liangshan, there was Chao Gai, who was a Baozheng, and when he learned that Liang Zhongshu, the son-in-law of the traitor Cai Jing, had sent Yang Zhi to escort the "Birthday Gang" to Shangjing, Wu used a plan to gather about seven other good men to rob the Birthday Gang and defect to Liangshan. Yang Zhi lost the "Birthday Gang" and could not go back to make a difference, so he met with Lu Zhishen and occupied Erlong Mountain.

There was a good man named Song Jiang in Yuncheng, and his mistress Yan Po was secretly having an affair. After discovering that Song Jiang and the Liangshan bandits had come and gone, she tried everything to blackmail. In a fit of rage, Song Jiang killed Yan Boxi and fled to The Little Whirlwind Chai into Zhuangshang, where he became acquainted with Wu Song. After Wu Song broke up with Song Jiang, he killed a fierce tiger on Jingyang Gang and became a hero, and then went to Yanggu County to become a military attaché, and happened to meet his long-lost brother Wu Da. However, his sister-in-law Pan Jinlian did not keep the way of women, and took advantage of Wu Song's outing, secretly communicated with Ximen Qing, and poisoned Wu Da. After Wu Song returned, he found out about his feelings, killed the two, and avenged his brother. Afterwards, he was sent to Mengzhou, became acquainted with Shi En, drunkenly beat Jiang Menshen, angrily killed Zhang Dujian's entire family, and also went to Erlongshan to settle down.

After Song Jiang broke up with Wu Song, he went to Hua Rong, the lord of Qingfeng Village, and was soon recalled by his father, because he was denounced and sent to Jiangzhou. One day, he was drunk and wrote "anti-poetry" and was sentenced to death, but fortunately, he was rescued by brother Liangshan from robbing the law field. Song Jiang insisted on going home to visit his father, but he was repeatedly endangered and finally went to Liangshan.

Subsequently, after three dozen Zhujiazhuang and sending troops to rescue Chai Jin, Liangshan was very loud. Then he continuously repelled Gao Taiwei's three-way attack, and the three mountains of Taohua Mountain, Erlong Mountain, and Liangshan Mountain converged and returned to the water. Later, Chao Gai was unfortunately killed by an arrow, and Lu Junyi experienced several twists and turns and went to Liangshan. The Liangshan rebels broke the city of Zengtou and repelled several attacks by the imperial court, and several of the generals also participated in liangshan juyi. In the end, Liangshan recruited a total of one hundred and eight good men and arranged the seats of "Thirty-six Heavenly Gangs and Seventy-Two Hells".

Faced with the situation that the Liangshan rebels were becoming more and more courageous in the war, the imperial court changed its strategy and sent people to appease them. Therefore, under the guidance of the compromise ideas of Song Jiang and others, the whole of Liangshan accepted Zhao'an and reorganized it into the army of the Zhao and Song Dynasties. The ruler adopted the strategy of "killing people with a sword" and ordered the good han of Liangshan to go to liao and fangla. After years of fighting, one hundred and eight good men were finally left with only twenty-seven people. However, even these survivors have not escaped the doom that follows. The rulers saw that the good men of Liangshan were alone, so soon after they were knighted, they poisoned Song Jiang and others: Song Jiang and Lu Junyi were poisoned with medicinal liquor and mercury respectively, Li Kui was dragged to accompany Song Jiang to accompany him to the funeral when he was dying, and Wu Yong and Hua Rong also hanged themselves in Li Erwa. A vigorous uprising was thus snuffed out.

Song Jiang

One of the main characters, Zi Gongming, is a native of Yuncheng County, Jeju Prefecture, Shandong Province. He ranked third, with a short body, a filial name, and was known as Filial Piety Andi Kurosaburo. He befriended the hero Haojie extensively, and was good and convenient, every row of difficulties to solve, help the poor and the dangerous, extremely prestigious in the rivers and lakes, was respected as "timely rain", "Hu Baoyi", the work wrote that he was the star of Tiankui Linfan, the star lord of tiangang and the earth.

Originally working as an abbot in Yuncheng County, Chao Gai and other robbers of the birthday gang incident, he went to report the letter in the name of righteousness, and then killed Yan PoXi in order not to expose his relationship with them, fled outside, and after making trouble in Qingzhou, he took people and horses to Liangshan. Wen Father died of illness and went home to mourn, was arrested by the government, and stabbed jiangzhou. He was sentenced to death for writing anti-poetry after being drunk. The good men robbed the dharma field and rescued him from Liangshan. He unites the brethren. Led the rebels to fight many victorious battles. After Chao Gai's sacrifice, he was pushed to be the lord of Liangshan Bozhai. After taking over, he further flaunted loyalty and righteousness, changed the Juyi Hall to Zhongyi Hall, and clearly put forward the slogan of "for the Heavenly Path".

Under his leadership, the ranks of the rebel army continued to grow, not only attacking local tycoons and inferior gentry, but also storming the state and colliding with the government, repeatedly smashing the military encirclement and suppression of the imperial court. Achieved a major victory of two wins and three defeats. However, he was deeply influenced by feudal thought, did not oppose the emperor, had illusions about the ruler, compromised and wavered at critical moments, and made private visits to Li Shishi. Indulging Lieutenant Gao, bribing Su Yuanjing, taking the initiative to fight for security, and leading the rebels to a dead end. After being recruited, he was used to enlist peasant revolts such as Liao and Square La, and the leader of Liangshan "went to eight of the ten". He had been poisoned by Gao Qi and his gang in Chu Prefecture to appease the envoy. This image is quite complex, and he is dissatisfied with the social reality of abuse of government and sympathetic to the oppressed. He also became the leader of the rebel army in the specific encounter; he also adhered to feudal morality such as loyalty and filial piety, and longed for his wife and shadow son, and left a name in history. This contradiction ran through his life.

Chao cover

Nickname: King Tota

Personality characteristics: fighting righteousness and neglecting wealth, and loving to make friends with good people in the world. Humble and sincere, serious and righteous, just and righteous.

Main deeds: Attack on Zengtou City

Profile: A native of Dongxi Village, Yuncheng County, Baozheng of Dongxi Village, a rich household in Hongxiang, known as the King of Tota. Seven Stars joined the company after taking the Birthday Class and threw liangshan into the company. Lin Chong Huo and Wang Lun, the white-clothed Xiushi, became the lord of Liangshan Village. After hitting Zengtou City poisoned by an arrow, he was killed.

Lu Junyi

Nickname: Jade Kirin

Character Profile: A large household outside the city of Beijing, a good martial art, sticks and sticks are unparalleled in the world. Tricked into Liangshan by Liangshan Po Wu with a trick, Lu Junyi fought with the heroes of Liangshan, fled without defeat, and was captured alive by Zhang Shun in the waves when he fled by boat. Lu Junyi did not want to fall into the grass at Liangshan and took the opportunity to escape.

Back in Beijing, his wife Jia Shi became married to the housekeeper Li Gu. At the same time, Lu Junyi was also arrested by officers and soldiers, beaten into a confession, and sent to death row. Song Jiang led the heroes of Liangshan Po to attack the city of Beijing, desperately trying to rob the court alone, rescue Lu Junyi, and kill the adulterer and adulteress. After Lu Junyi defected to Liangshan, he sat on the second chair. After being recruited, Lu Junyi was made a martial arts doctor, a pacification envoy of Luzhou, and a deputy commander of soldiers and horses. Later, he was poisoned by Gao Li with medicinal liquor, could not ride a horse, and fell into the water while riding a boat and died.

Lin

One of the main characters, originally the leader of the 800,000 Forbidden Army in Tokyo, was born with a leopard head ringed eyes, a swallow-collared tiger whisker, and nicknamed the leopard head. The work is written that he is a celestial star Linfan.

He is highly skilled in martial arts, dissatisfied with the dark reality of abusive officials, and often has the feeling that his ability and ambition cannot be exercised, and he pays attention to befriending good men and showing his heroic nature. However, the good and happy family life of the head of the church also formed his gentle, stoic and timid character. His wife was teased when she was incense in the Yue Temple, and when he heard the news, he rushed to raise his fist to fight, recognized that it was Gao Yanei, the son of the lieutenant of the main pipe, and first softened himself, and also explained to the people: "I am not afraid of the official, I am only afraid of the management, I am afraid that the high lieutenant will not look good on his face, and the power will be spared." Although he dared to meet lu qian and other minions with a knife, in order to maintain his own position, he refused to offend his superiors and endured again and again. In order to satisfy his son's lust, Gao Li set up a treasure sword to stab him in Cangzhou, and secretly instructed him to solve the murder halfway and want to put him to death. He was still counting on struggling to return to Tokyo, and the wild boar Linri Lu Zhishen rescued him from under the stick, so he interceded for the solution, and after arriving in Cangzhou, he first guarded the Heavenly King Hall, and then looked at the hay field, and was at ease with the prisoner's life. Gao Li was also sent to Cangzhou, where he conspired with Guan Ying and Cha Putai to burn the hay field to burn him to death, but he survived because the grass hut was crushed by snow and temporarily avoided the mountain temple. After being persecuted to the point of ruining his family and dying, unable to bear it and unable to retreat, he stood up and killed Gao Li's minions and went up to Liangshan on a snowy night. Lin Chong, who stood up from the sea of blood and hatred, underwent great changes in his thinking and personality, and threw himself into the ranks of the rebels without hesitation. After going to Liangshan, he fired wang Lun, the former lord of the village who was jealous of Xianxian, and contributed to the development of Liangshan. He was one of the five tiger generals of the rebel army, and he bravely rushed to kill in the struggle against the enemy, made many military achievements, and also had a relatively sober mind in the struggle against Zhao'an. After Liangshan Po's whole gang was recruited, he returned from Zhengfangla, suffered from wind disease and was paralyzed, and died of illness at Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou.

Wu yong

Nickname: Chido Star

Personality traits: resourceful, clever

Main deeds: Outsmarting the Birthright

Biography: Pingsheng is clever and clever, and has read thousands of scriptures. Make two copper chains. Wu Yong offered a plan for Chao Gai, outwitted the birthday gang, used medicinal wine to numb the blue-faced beast Yang Zhi, and seized the 100,000 gold and silver jewelry that Liang Zhongshu of the Beijing Daiming Palace gave to Cai Taishi to celebrate his birthday.

Li Kui

One of the main characters, a native of Yishui County, Yizhou, Shandong, nicknamed Black Whirlwind, small character Iron Bull, the work writes that he is a heavenly killer star Linfan. He was a big black man with fluffy yellow hair and a beard on his face, making two plate axes as powerful as an ox. His brother worked with others for a long time, and he fled to jiangzhou because of killing people.

His homeless, unemployed, destitute living environment and experience of wandering the rivers and lakes created his hatred for the ruling class and a strong spirit of resistance, daring to defy the government, feudal laws and order, declaring: "Regulations, regulations, if they are still followed, the world will not be chaotic!" I just talked before and after. "When Song Jiang proposed to go to Liangshan after the robbery of the law field, he was the first to respond and shouted." All go, all go! But if you don't go, eat me a bird axe, cut it into two pieces! After going up the mountain, he fought bravely, took pleasure in killing the enemy, and even in his sleep, he also slashed Gao Qi and other traitors, and when he woke up, he shouted", "Hurry up!" "He loves to hate. Loyal to the cause of the rebel army, every time he calls himself "Liangshan Po Black Whirlwind Li Kui", he closely links himself with the cottage and does not allow harm to the interests of the cottage. He was dissatisfied with Gongsun Sheng, who was "originally a villager in the cottage", who listened to his master's words and lived in seclusion, and "cut" Luo Zhenren across the wall in the middle of the night. Also rejoiced in addition to a harm. Hearing that Song Jiang had cheated on marrying Liu Taigong's daughter, he cut down the apricot yellow flag and wanted to kill Song Jiang, but later proved to be a gangster. He openly confessed his mistake and killed the gangsters to save Liu Nu. He repeatedly put forward the idea of "killing Tokyo and taking the bird seat", and most fiercely opposed Zhao'an. At the chrysanthemum meeting, he shouted "Zhao An, Zhao An, Zhao Shi Bird An!" "Make a big fuss about Zhongyi Hall. Chen Taiwei came to Liangshan to recruit an, and he tore up the edict and beat him up. Publicly insulting the Emperor. It was the opposition of him and other leaders that delayed the defeat of the rebels. After being recruited, he repeatedly asked to kill Liangshan Po. When Zheng Fangla returned, he went to Runzhou to take charge of the capital, and when he learned that the imperial court had given Song Jiang poisonous wine, he once again said, "Brother, the opposite!" But it was too late, and he himself drank the poisonous wine given by Song Jiang. He was the sworn enemy of the feudal forces.

Lu Zhishen

Nickname: Flower Monk

Personality characteristics: jealousy and hatred, chivalry, coarse and fine, brave and strategic, open-minded and reasonable

Main deeds: Punching the town of Kansai, pulling down weeping willows, and making a big fuss about the wild boar forest

Profile: His real name is Lu Da, because he is a Kansai man, and he also has the nickname of the town of Kansai, the thirteenth good man of Liangshan Po, and the first leader of the Ten Infantry Army. Because he saw Zheng Tu bullying Jin Cuilian's father and daughter, he killed Zhen Kansai with three fists. He was hunted down by the government and fled to Mount Wutai to cut his hair as a monk and changed his name to Lu Zhishen. Lu Zhishen could not stand the buddhist rules, drunkenly beat the mountain gate, destroyed the golden body, and was sent by the elders to the Xiangguo Temple in Tokyo to guard the vegetable garden, because he kicked the skin of the stolen vegetables into the cesspool, pulled the willow upside down, and became famous. Lu Zhishen saved Lin Chong in the wild boar forest, and Gao Li sent people to arrest Lu Zhishen lu zhishen and fall into the grass at Erlong Mountain. Later, he defected to Shuipo Liangshan and became the leader of the infantry. Song Jiang attacked Fang La, and Lu Zhishen knocked Fang La over with a staff. He later died in Hangzhou Liuhe Temple.

Takematsu

One of the main characters, a native of Qinghe County, Shandong Province. The second in line, known as Wu Erlang, after the blood-spattered Mandarin Duck Tower, in order to escape arrest, changed to the walker dress, so also known as "Walker Wu Song". The work writes that he is a heavenly wound star Linfan. He was eight feet long. A grand appearance, there are thousands of pounds of strength on the body. He was raised by his brother Wu Da, who sold cooking cakes. Injured by alcohol, he fled to Chai Jinzhuang and hid for a while. On the way back to his hometown to visit his brother, Yu Jingyang gang killed a tiger with his bare hands, so he was famous far and wide, and Yanggu Zhixian participated in him as the head of the capital and met his brother here. When he went to Kaifeng to deliver stolen silver to Zhi County, Wu Da was poisoned by Ximen Qing and his sister-in-law Pan Jinlian, and in order to avenge his brother, he borrowed Xie Lin to ask for wine to obtain a true confession when he went to the county to file a complaint, stabbed Pan Jinlian in his hand, killed Ximen Qing, and then went to the official palace to surrender himself and was cut off from Mengzhou. In Mengzhou, he helped Shi En retake the Happy Forest Hotel, which was occupied by Jiang Menshen, and Jiang's backstage Zhang Dujian and Zhang Tuanlian designed to catch him as a thief. The fact of blood educated him, and his anger turned into a thrilling act of resistance, making a big fuss about Flying Yunpu, splashing blood on the Mandarin Duck Tower, killing Jiang, Zhang, and nineteen others, dipping blood in the wall and writing "Murderer, Fight Tiger Wu Songye", no longer surrendering to the official government, but first going to Erlong Mountain, and then returning to Liangshan Po, joining the ranks of armed resistance. In the battle against the encirclement and suppression of the government and the siege of the city, he was brave and determined, and was one of the main generals of the rebel army. He rebuked Song Jiang for "recruiting security today, and tomorrow also recruiting security, which has chilled the hearts of the brethren." Later, during the conquest of Fangla, he was cut off by Bao Daoyi's left arm, and he was not sealed and became a monk at Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou.

Yang Zhi

Nickname: Blue-faced Beast

Personality traits: shrewd and capable, rough and arrogant

Main deeds: Yang Zhi sells knives and outwits the birth anniversary

Profile: A guest from Kansai, after three generations of shoguns, the grandson of the Fifth Marquis Yang Linggong, born in Wuju, the official to the temple system envoy. Because of the successive loss of the Huashi Class and the Birth Anniversary Class, the Tulu Zhishen Erlong Mountain fell into the grass, and the Three Mountains joined the gang after fighting Qingzhou, and went up to Liangshan to join the gang, and was one of the eight horsemen and eight pioneers of the cottage horse army.

Yan Qing

Nickname: Prodigal Son

Introduction: It is the last of the Thirty-Six Heavenly Stars. Originally a Beijinger,whose parents died since childhood, he grew up in Lu Junyi's home, playing flutes and singing songs, shooting arrows and darts in a hundred steps through Yang, known as "prodigal son Yanqing". After Lu Junyi was taken away by Wu Yongyi, the housekeeper Li Gu hooked up with Lu Junyi's wife Jia Shi and became adulterous, seized Lu's family wealth, and drove Yan Qing away. After Lu Junyi returned home, Li Gu reported to the Daiming government that Lu Junyi had smuggled into Liangshan and wrote anti-poetry. Lu Junyi was imprisoned, and Li bought Dong Chao and Xue Ba, asking them both to kill Lu Junyi. When Dong and Xue were about to strike, Yan Qing rushed to shoot them to death. After Lu Junyi was sentenced to death, Yan Qing and Yang Xiong went up the mountain to report the news, attracting the Song Jiang brigade to save Lu Junyi at the court and join liangshan. Song Jiang Lantern Festival on the Tokyo face saint to be recruited, secretly known as the famous prostitute Li Shishi. Yan Qing blew a good flute, and Li Shishi worshiped as a brother and sister, met with Emperor Huizong of Song, passed on the news of Liangshan, and made a great contribution to Song Jiang's recruitment. After recruiting An, Yan Qing had a premonition that there would be no good results in the long run, so he left alone and retired.

Sun Erniang

Nickname: Mother Night Fork

Introduction: Zhang Qing's wife. Selling human flesh at the Cross Slope and Zhang Qingkai Hotel on Mengzhou Road, specializing in the business of killing people and grabbing goods. Wu Song was sent to Mengzhou to pass through the cross slope, and was almost poisoned by Sun Erniang. Wu Song pretended to be drunk and caught Sun Erniang, Zhang Qing begged for forgiveness, and Wu Song met Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang and his wife. Sun Erniang later followed Zhang Qing to Liangshan, presided over the Liangshan Xishan Hotel, ushered in the delivery, inquired about the news, and was the 103rd good man of Liangshan. When song Jiang was in his conquest of Fang La, Sun Erniang was killed.

Dai Zong

Nickname: Shenxing Taibao

Introduction: Wu Yong Zhiyou, Jiangzhou two courts of the prison section level, passage technique, legs tied two armor horses, eight hundred miles a day, one thousand miles at night, known as shenxing taibao. After Jiangzhou robbed the law field, he went up to Liangshan and became the chief detective leader of the cottage.

Time shifts

Nickname: Flea on the Drum

Introduction: Gao Tangzhou people, exiled to Jizhou, do cornices to walk the wall, jump fences to deceive horses, eat a lawsuit for Yang Xiong to save. After three dozen Zhujiazhuang, he joined Liangshan and was one of the four leaders of the secret infantry in the Shanzhai Army.

11

Nine Times "The History of Ru lin wai"

The Outer History of Rulin is a novel written by Wu Jingzi in the Qing Dynasty, written in the fourteenth year of Qianlong (1749) or a little earlier, first passed down as a manuscript, and first engraved in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803).

Fifty-six times in the book, the book depicts the different manifestations of various types of people for "fame and wealth" with realism, on the one hand, it truly reveals the process and reasons for the corrosion of human nature, so as to profoundly criticize and ridicule the corruption of the officials at that time, the hypocrisy of the maladministration of the imperial examination, etc.; on the other hand, it enthusiastically praises the protection of human nature made by a small number of characters in the way of insisting on themselves, thus conveying the author's ideals. The use of the vernacular of the novel has become more sophisticated, and the portrayal of the character is also quite in-depth and delicate, especially the use of superb satire, making the book a masterpiece of classical Chinese satire.

The Outer History of Ru Lin represents the peak of the ancient Chinese satirical novel, and it creates an example of direct evaluation of real life by fiction. After the manuscript of "Ru Lin Wai Shi" was handed down, and posterity highly evaluated it, Lu Xun believed that the ideological content of the book "upholds the public heart and accuses the shortcomings of the times", and Hu Shi believes that its artistic characteristics can be called "Seiko refining". In the international sinology community, the book is quite influential, early In English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, Spanish and other languages have been handed down, and has been praised by the Sinology community, some believe that the "History of Rulin" is enough to rank among the masterpieces of world literature, can be compared with the works of Boccaccio, Cervantes, Balzac or Dickens and others, is an outstanding contribution to world literature.

Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), Qing novelist, Zi Minxuan, Trumpet Grain People, Late "Wenmu Old Man", Qin Huai Yuke, Anhui Quanjiaoren. Yongzheng Zhusheng. In his early years, he lived a luxurious life, and after the decline of his family business, he moved to Jiangning. Qianlong initially recommended erudition and great words, but he did not go to the sick and ended up in poverty. Gong poetry and prose, especially the novel "The History of Ru Lin", is the most successful. There are also "Wenmu Mountain House Collection", "Wenmu Mountain House Poetry" and so on.

The novel was written from the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty ("Wedge") to the forty-fourth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar ("Youbang"), which lasted about 248 years. The main text begins in the second time, the story takes place in the last year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, about one hundred and twenty years from the "wedge"; it ends in the fifty-fifth "Four Guests" story, which takes place in the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar and twenty-one years below the "Youbang". It has gone through the rise and fall of a dynasty.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, after Wang Mian, a disciple of the Zhuji peasant family in Zhejiang Province, taught himself to become a talent, he avoided selling paintings in Jinan, Shandong Province, because he did not want to meet with Shi Ren and the township squire Weisu in Zhixian County. Half a year later, the Yellow River broke its banks, the people fled, and Wang Miannai returned to his hometown. Soon after, her mother fell ill and died. Another year passed, and the world was in chaos. King Wu went to visit Wang Mian and asked him for advice on how to level the world. A few years later, King Wu established the State of Daming, and the Ministry of Rites agreed to use the Four Books, the Five Classics, and the Eight Strands of Literature to take the scholars. As a result, Wang Mian foresaw that "a generation of literati had misfortunes" and took refuge in the Huiji Mountains in time. In the last year of Chenghua, Xue Jia Ji Guanyin Nunnery in Wenshang County, Yanzhou, Shandong Province, ran a school, and Xia Zongjia recommended Zhou to come to the church. Zhou Jin was an old boy, and he was ridiculed by Xiucai Meijiu and the white eyes of Wang Hui, and felt infinitely humiliated. A year later, he lost the museum, and he was full of resentment. When he went to the provincial city to keep accounts for the merchants, he went to the tribute court to visit, and when he saw the number board, he was extremely angry, and he was unconscious. Later, the merchants funded the donation to take the exam, and successively won the promotion of people, the soldiers, the imperial history, and the Cantonese Learning Tao. When he was testing for Misheng in Nanhai and Fanzhi counties, he selected the fifty-four-year-old boy Fan to enter the school.

Soon, Fan Jin was again admitted to the lifting of people, but he was extremely happy and crazy, and woke up a mouth for the zhangren Hu butcher. Fan Mu also died of joy. Under the persuasion of the squire Zhang Jingyi, Fan Jinnai went with him to Fangshi and Gaoyaozhi County's Tang Feng to fight the autumn wind. When the two were waiting to see Tangzhi County, the local squire Gongsheng Yan came to see him again. Yan Gongsheng was accused of going to the county because he was running amok in the township. Unexpectedly, Tangzhi County actually approved the situation, and Yan Gongsheng had to avoid the provincial capital. The county sent people to find his elder brother Yan Dayu. Yan Jiansheng was timid and afraid of things, and found two uncles, Yu Sheng, Wang De and Wang Ren, to come to the brother's lawsuit. Soon, Yan Jian's wife Wang Shi became seriously ill, and it took a lot of silver to make two uncles correct the concubine Zhao Shi, and then Wang Shi died of illness. A total of four or five thousand taels of silver were spent on the marriage and funeral, and Yan Jiansheng was very painful, angry, and sick, so that he could not afford to be sick. After that, Aunt Zhao's only son died prematurely, and Yan Gongsheng took the opportunity to plot to seize nai's family property and vigorously pursue litigation.

At this time, Zhou Jin had been promoted to the position of Guozi Supervisor, and his disciple Fan Jin was also hand-picked by Shandong To learn the Tao. On the day fan jin went to office, Zhou Jin was entrusted by Xun Mei, a student who was in the Xue family's jijiao hall. He Zheng and Wang Hui were on the same list as Jinshi. Unexpectedly, Xun Mei's mother died, just as the imperial court was examining the selection of subjects and Dao, Wang Hui persuaded him to seek affection, and after being rejected, he returned to his hometown to guard the system. Wang Hui went to Nanchang to take up the post of prefect and handle the handover with Jing Yu, the son of his predecessor Taishouyou. Later, he was promoted to Nangan Province, but was confronted with a rebellion by King Ning, and Wang Hui surrendered. King Ning was captured, and when Wang Hui hurriedly fled to Wuzhen, Zhejiang, he met Gongsun Gongsun (蘧公孙), the son of Yu Jingyu (蘧景玉). Gongsun gave him two hundred taels of silver, and he handed him a pillow box. Gongsun found a copy of the "Gao Qingqiu Collected Poems" from the pillow box, which was engraved and printed in the name of his own "supplement", and from then on he was regarded as a young celebrity, and Lou Zhen and Lou Zhen of Huhu Prefecture invited Lu Tou to edit, and Lu Bianxiu saw Gongsun at the table, and he gave his daughter Xu and Gongsun.

Soon, Lu Bianxiu and Yu You died of illness one after another, and Gongsun's heart as a celebrity also relented, and he became acquainted with Ma Chunshang, who selected articles in Wenhai Lou. At this time, the family eunuch Cheng abducted and took the servant Shuanghong to escape, and after being captured, at the instigation of the messenger, he threatened to warn Gongsun Of Qiu first, and fortunately Ma Chunshang used all the bundles to redeem the pillow box before closing the case; Ma Chunshang left Jiaxing for the Wenhan Building of Hangzhou Bookstore. Ma Chun went upstream to the West Lake and helped kuang chaoren, a teenager who split words. After Kuang Chaoren returned to his hometown, he learned of Li Benying's recognition in the county and enrolled in school to become a Xiucai. Unexpectedly, Li Benying was falsely accused, and Kuang Chao, under the guidance of Pan Baozheng, went to Hangzhou to join his fangfen brother Pan San. Since then, Kuang Chaoren has become acquainted with the famous West Lake celebrities Jing Lanjiang, Zhao Xue, Zhi Jianfeng, and Pu Moqing, surrounded by Hu Sangongzi to tour the West Lake and do poetry meetings, and Pan San persuaded him not to have to meet these people, and instructed him to forge documents and take examinations for others. Therefore, Kuang Chao also accumulated a lot of silver and married the daughter of the poor man Zheng Lao's father. After Li Benying's case was revealed, he was promoted to Shizhong and sent someone to look for him, at which time Pan San had been taken. Kuang Chaoren received Li Benying's letter and sent his wife to the countryside of Yueqing and went to the capital alone. In the original Zheng's illness and death, just fulfilled his wish. After taking the knot, he took the boat north, and met Feng Zhen'an and Niu Buyi on the boat. The boat arrived in Yangzhou, Feng and Kuang changed boats and went north, but Niu Buyi took a river boat to Wuhu and lived in the Ganlu Nunnery, but unexpectedly fell ill, and the old monk managed the aftermath for him. The young Niu Pulang, who lived nearby, came to the nunnery one night to read by the light, and the old monk was ready to show him the poem of the cow cloth, but he could not wait and stole it first. Soon the old monk entered Beijing, he simply pretended to be a cow cloth to swindle and deceive, and Dong Ying of the new supplementary county came to worship and hurriedly said goodbye. From then on, Ushiura Lang learned to be snobbish, and got along with the Brothers of the Yue family Bu clan, so he went to Andong County to join Dong Ying. On the way, they met Niu Yupu, and the two recognized them as grandchildren. Niu Yupu took him to the home of Wan Xuezhai, a salt merchant in Yangzhou. Niu Pulang was coldly received by Niu Yupu because he fell into the pond, and just when he heard about Wan Xuezhai's origin from the Meridian Palace Daoist, he deliberately induced Niu Yupu to speak out in public, so he was resigned by Wan Xuezhai . Niu Yupu fang knew that he was deceived, and beat Niu Pulang badly and threw him on the riverbank. Niu Pulang was rescued by a yellow guest who passed by, went to Anton with him, and was recruited by the yellow guest as a son-in-law. Dong Ying was about to be promoted at this time, but he confessed to Xiang Ding, who took over, and asked him to take care of Niu Pulang. Unexpectedly, the wife of the real cow cloth came looking for a husband and went to the county.

Xiang Zhixian was dismissed by Xiang Zhixian because of this headless lawsuit, but was rescued by Bao Wenqing, a drama boy under the Cha division. Soon, Bao Wenqing returned to Nanjing to resume his old business, promoted to Anqing Prefecture to Zhi County, passed through Nanjing, approached Wenqing, invited his father and son to meet at Yamen, gave him two silver, and married his son Tingxi. Soon, Xiang Ding was promoted to Fujian TingzhangDao, Wenqing returned to Nanjing, seriously ill and died, Tingxi could not be happy with his mother, went to Suzhou to find his brother, and the brother died again; then went to Yangzhou, turned to Ji Weixiao, and thus became acquainted with a group of famous scholars in Yangzhou such as Xin Dongzhi, Jin Yu Liu, Lai Xiatu, etc.; after returning to Nanjing, he surrendered to Du Shenqing's men. Du Shenqing invited a hundred and dozens of classes in Nanjing to do dan foot drama, and Gao Hui Mochou Lake. Afterwards, Bao Tingxi asked him for help, but Du Shenqing introduced him to Tianchang's own brother Shaoqing.

Du Shaoqing was a man of great honor, extremely filial piety, and could not take care of the family, the family Wang Beard ganged with Zhang Tiejian and others to defraud his property, and Bao Tingxi also took the opportunity to ask for more than a hundred taels of silver. Soon, Shao Qingqing's family property will be exhausted, and heeding the advice of the old housekeeper Lou Huanwen, he moved to Nanjing and got to know the famous people gathered in Nanjing. Shaoqing and her mother traveled together in Qingliangshan and lived freely. Unexpectedly, the Inspector would recommend him to the Erudite Hongzi Branch, so he had to go to Anqing to thank him and resign, but Lord Li did not allow it. After returning, Lord Li sent someone to urge him, and Shaoqing pretended to be ill and resigned. At this time, Chi Hengshan was proposing to repair the Taibo Ancestral Hall, and Du Shaoqing, Zhuang Shaoguang, and others greatly agreed, and jointly participated in the grand event, and presumed that Yu Yude, a doctor of the Nanjing Guozijian, would be the chief priest. After a long period of preparation, the first day of April was selected to hold a great ceremony of the shrine, and the celebrities and selected families from Nanjing gathered everywhere to participate in the grand event, and the people of Nanjing also crowded to see it. After the sacrifice, the participants scattered again, at this time Guo Xiaozi, who had been searching for his father for twenty years, came to Nanjing again, and the famous people of Nanjing, led by Du Shao, did not snub him because he was the son of Wang Hui, praised his filial piety, sponsored his silver two, and helped him go to Shaanxi and Sichuan to find his father. When he arrived at the nunnery outside Chengdu, Wang Hui resolutely refused to recognize his son. Soon after, Wang Hui fell ill and died. Guo Xiaozi returned home with the skeleton on his back. On the way, he met Xiao Yunxian and persuaded him to serve the imperial court, and his father also asked Yunxian to go to Ping Shaobao to join the army. Under Ping Shaobao's account, Yun Xian led his troops to retake Qingfeng City, built city walls, repaired water conservancy, reclaimed fields, and revitalized schools. Later, he went to Ying Tianfu to serve as a garrison of Jianghuai, so he became acquainted with Yu Yude and other famous people in Nanjing. When crossing the river, he met Shen Danian, who had taught in Qingfeng City, at the Yangzhou pier. Shen Danian was sending his daughter Qiongzhi to Yangzhou Song to complete the marriage for the rich family. Do you know that Song was treated as a concubine for the rich, and Qiong Zhi was alone to flee to Nanjing, writing fan poems and making a living for people embroidering. When Jiangdu County sent someone to arrest her, she was telling Du Shaoqing about what had happened to her, and she was eventually escorted to Jiangdu.

On the boat, a man with two bitches also went to Yangzhou. As soon as the man arrived home, Tang Zhentai's nephew, Tang Liu, came to mess around and seduced Tang Zhentai's two sons, Tang You and Tang Shi, to the brothel to eat wine. After Tang You and Tang Shixiang tried to fall, they went to their father Renshou Zhenyuan Mansion, just as the Miao people were in turmoil, Tang Song quelled the chaos, but was demoted to the third level. Father and son returned to their hometown together. Tang Zhentai asked Yu Te to teach his son, and Yu Te did not go to Wuwei Prefecture Autumn Wind. Unexpectedly, the incident of private and human life occurred, because Guan Wen mistakenly wrote "Gongsheng YuZhi", it was for his brother Yu Zhi to be confused, and the lawsuit was closed. Yu Te went to Nanjing again, and had to meet with Du Shaoqing and other Shi Xian, but soon Yu Yude went to Zhejiang, yu Te returned to Wuhe, was invited by Yu Huaxuan to educate his son, and Xuan was selected as a teacher in Huizhou Province. Old Xiucai Wang Yun came to visit the teacher, and Yu Te valued him very much. Wang Yun had encouraged his third daughter to be martyred, but later felt sad and went to Nanjing. In Nanjing, he was accompanied by Deng Zhifu to the Taibo Temple, but he did not see a group of celebrities in Nanjing.

Soon, Wushu returned to Nanjing and was about to go back to visit Deng Zhifu, but was invited by Gao Hanlin to be a guest. The guest is Wan Zhongshu, but it is a pretend Zhongshu. The East Window incident, fortunately with the help of Feng Si's father, Qin Zhongshu produced silver, and only then donated a true Zhongshu. Feng Si Lao Daddy sent Wan Zhongshu back to Zhejiang, and by the way asked his Friend Chen Zhenggong of Hangzhou for a return to Nanjing, but Chen Zhenggong was deceived by Mao Er beard to take the silver two, and the fourth father of the wind came forward to get the silver two for him and returned to Nanjing, to return to Qin Zhongshu. Qin Zhongshu, on the other hand, was fooling around with Chen Si in a prostitute's maid. Soon, Qin Zhongshu went to Beijing to fill the vacancy, and Chen Si went to Fujian to find his cousin Xu Jiugongzi. The bride was forced by the pious woman to shave as a nun. Chen Hefu's son also became a monk, but he quarreled with Ding Shi, who was also a character tester. At this time, several strange people appeared in the wells of Nanjing: Ji Xianian, who wrote, Wang Tai, who sold paper and fire cylinders, Gai Kuan, who opened a tea house, and Jing Yuan, who was a tailor, and they relied on their own strengths with their skills, which was not the same as the famous scholars who appeared here before.

Crown of kings

Wang Tian is a real figure in history, and the author adapts it accordingly. Wang Mian plays an important role in the novel, and in the character shaping of the whole novel, he laid the basic characteristics of the author's ideal character, as HuiMu said, "Say wedges to cover Chen Dayi, borrow celebrities to cover the whole text". As a scholar, Wang Mian embodies the spirit of a Chinese scholar in him.

Zhou Jin

Zhou Jin was originally a teacher who was extremely enthusiastic about the imperial examination, but unfortunately, in the year of Hua Jia, he did not even pass the xiucai examination. Once, when he and his brother-in-law came to the examination hall of the provincial city to take the examination hall, they were touched by the scenery and were heartbroken, and they actually crashed into the wooden board and fainted. When he woke up, he was full of pity and could not be relieved, so he simply cried and rolled all over the ground. This scene was seen by several merchants, who, out of pity, pooled their money to help the poor old man donate a prisoner. Zhou Jin was overjoyed and bowed to them in thanksgiving. Later, by virtue of his status as a prisoner, he actually won the promotion, and then he was hit by a jinshi and went to Guangdong as an official.

Fan Jin

Fan Jin was more than fifty years old, even Xiucai did not pass the examination, the family was poor, he was still wearing a single coat, the cold made him shiver, although the climate in Guangdong was warm, but the temperature during the Waxing Moon was not high. When Zhou Jin saw him, he remembered his tragic situation in those years, and under the pity of each other, he was admitted as a xiucai, and later admitted him as a lifter, so he staged a crazy farce of "Fan Jinzhongju".

Strict and harmonious

Yan Zhihe is a strict supervisor, the Qing Yongzheng Dynasty stipulates that Xiu Cai Zhong Rinsheng, Rin Sheng was elected to the Guozi Academy called Gongsheng, second to Rin Sheng, Rin Sheng was elected to the Guozi School to become a prison student, and at that time, some people who failed to enter the government, prefecture, and county school and wanted to pass the examination could donate a prison student qualification to participate in the township examination, or directly donate money to a prison student, which is collectively referred to as donation or routine supervision. Yan Jiansheng has not read too many books, and he is also a prisoner who has spent money to donate. His most well-known bridge section is the two fingers that could not be put down before his death, how a few nephews and nurses could not guess what Yan Jiansheng was talking about, and Zhao Shi said in a word, it turned out that there were two stalks of lamp grass in the lamp, Yan Jiansheng was afraid that it would cost oil to make it difficult for Yan Jiansheng to close his eyes, and when Zhao Picked one, Yan Jiansheng swallowed a mouthful.

Strict in the middle

Yan Zhizhong was a Gongsheng who was called Gongsheng after entering the Guozi Academy set up in the Beijing Division by examination and other means. This kind of person has a relatively high social status, Yan Gongsheng is also because he is a Gongsheng and looks down on his brother Yan Jiansheng, the prisoner generally requires "dignified learning, long history", but in the author's Yan Gongsheng is just the opposite, is a fully dressed animal. Yan Gongsheng's first appearance was in the fourth time, Fan Jin was persuaded by Zhang Jingzhai to go to Tangzhi County to "fight the autumn wind" together during the mourning period, just arrived in Gaoyao County to sit down and prepare to drink some tea, Yan Gongsheng came in to take a ride, when he learned that the two were going to meet Tangzhi County, he began to say that he and Tangzhi County were acquainted, and made up a story of meeting Tangzhi County, and also praised The people of Tangzhi County, just to show their understanding of Tangzhi County.

Kuang Superman

Kuang Chaoren, formerly known as Kuang Yuan, is a native of Yueqing County, Wenzhou Province. The novel can be roughly divided into two types in the description of Kuang Superman's behavior, one is to show the simple and filial Kuang Superman, and the other is to show the Kuang Superman who destroys humanity. He was originally a simple rural teenager, well-behaved, diligent, and his filial piety to his father was also touching, and the novel's initial description of Kuang Chaoren's behavior showed his simple and filial side.

When he was displaced, he was gradually changed by social influence. In Hangzhou, Kuang Chaoren met Mr. Ma Er, and under the influence of Mr. Ma Er, he regarded the imperial examination as the only way out of life, and after being admitted to Xiucai, he was "trained" by a group of famous fighters and regarded himself as a famous man, as a means of pursuing fame and profit. Society gave him such a path, and he skillfully maneuvered through it, step by step towards depravity. He bragged and lied, exploited fame, sold friends for glory, was ungrateful, and became a dressed beast.

Shen Qiongzhi

Shen Qiongzhi is the daughter of Shen Danian, a teacher, and obeys her father's order to marry the salt merchant Song Weifu as his wife. However, after arriving at the salt merchant Song Weifu's mansion, he learned that it was a scam, and the salt merchant Song Weifu originally married Shen Qiongzhi as a concubine. Qiongzhi's father sued Song Weifu, and Song bribed Zhi County to escort Shen Danian back to Changzhou. Shen Qiongzhi took the gold and silver to Nanjing alone and began her new independent life.

12

Nine times "Jane Eyre"

Jane Eyre was an orphan girl, born into a poor priesthood. Soon his parents died one after another. Young Jane Loves fostered her aunt's house. After the death of her uncle, Mr. Reid, Jane Love lived a life of discrimination and abuse for 10 years. Her aunt saw her as a thorn in her eye and isolated her from her own children, and from then on, her confrontation with her aunt became more open and determined, and Jane was sent to the Roward Orphanage.

The orphanage was harsh, life was hard, and the director was a cold hypocrite. Jane Eyre continued to be mentally and physically devastated in the orphanage. Due to poor living conditions, children often died of illness in orphanages, and her best friend Helen died of tuberculosis. Helen's death also brought about a major improvement to the orphanage. Jane Eyre received six years of education in her new environment and taught at the school for two years. Tired of life in the orphanage due to miss Tampore's departure, Jane Eyre advertises her career as a governess. The housekeeper of Thornfield Manor hired her. The manor's man, Rochester, travels frequently, and her student is a girl under 10 years old, Adela Valang, of whom Rochester is her protector.

One evening, Jane Loves is out for a walk and meets her host, who has just returned from abroad, and it is the first time they meet. Later, she discovered that her master was a melancholy and moody person, and his attitude towards her was also good and bad. The whole house is somber and empty, and sometimes you can hear a creepy strange laugh. One day, Jane Eyre was awakened by this laughter in her sleep and found that Rochester's room was on fire, and Jane Eyre woke him up and helped him put out the fire. Rochester often held family dinners when he returned. At a family dinner to a beautiful lady named Ingram, Jane Eyre is summoned into the parlor, but is snubbed by Blanche's mother and daughter, who endure humiliation and leave the parlor. By this time, she was already in love with Rochester. In fact, Rochester is already in love with Jane Eyre, he just wants to test Jane Eyre's love for himself. When he proposed to Jane Eyre, she promised him.

On the eve of the wedding, Jane Eyre sees an abominable-looking woman in the haze, wearing her wedding dress in front of the mirror. The next day, as the wedding was quietly taking place in the church, someone suddenly testified that Mr. Rochester had been married 15 years earlier. His wife turned out to be the crazy woman who was locked up in a secret room on the third floor. The law hinders their love, plunging the two into deep pain. On a stormy night, Jane Eyre leaves Rochester. On the way to find a new way out of life, Jane Ephraim slept rough, begged along the way, endured hardships, and was finally taken in by the priest St. John of Zeitung and taught at a local primary school. Soon after, Jane Eyre learns of her uncle's death and leaves her an inheritance, while also discovering that St. John is her cousin, Jane Eyre decides to divide the property equally. St. John was an avid believer who intended to go to India as a missionary. He begged Jane Eyre to marry him and go with him to India, but only on the grounds that Jane Eyre was fit to be a missionary wife. Jane Eyre rejected him and decided to look at Rochester again. She returned to Thornfield Manor, which was in ruins, where the mad woman had set fire to the building and died, and Rochester was injured and maimed. Jane Eyre found him and was shocked, and eventually married him and got her ideal happy life.

Charlotte Bronte (1816–1855), An English novelist born into a poor clergyman family, studied at a boarding school and later worked as a teacher and tutor. In 1847, Charlotte Brontë published the famous novel "Jane Eyre", which caused a sensation in the literary world. From the fall of 1848 to 1849 her brother and two younger sisters died. In the shadow and confusion of death, she insisted on completing the book "Shelley", pinning her mourning for her sister Emily, and describing the early spontaneous workers' movement in Britain. She also wrote Villette (1853) and The Teacher (1857), both based on her own life experiences. Charlotte Brontë is good at describing natural scenes with lyrical brushwork, and her works have a strong emotional color.

Jane Love

The heroine, a strong, simple, rigid and soft, independent, positive and enterprising woman. She came from a humble background and looked ordinary, but she did not feel inferior in this way. She despised the arrogance of the powerful, ridiculed their stupidity, and showed a self-reliant personality and beautiful ideals. She has a tenacious vitality, never bows to fate, and finally has the beautiful life she yearns for. Jane Eyre lives in an environment where both parents die and send people under the fence. From an early age, he suffered different treatment from his peers: aunt's dislike, cousin's contempt, cousin's insult and beating. But she wasn't desperate, she wasn't self-destructive, she wasn't sinking in insults. All the misfortunes that come with it, on the contrary, are exchanged for Jane Love's infinite confidence, but Jane Love's strong and indomitable spirit, an invincible inner personality force. She thinks and strives to grasp her destiny, value, and status, has a rational understanding of her own thoughts and personality, and has a firm pursuit of her own happiness and emotions. From Jane Eyre, express the image of today's new woman: self-esteem, self-respect, self-reliance, self-improvement, firm ideals and persistent pursuit of their personality, emotions, life, judgment, and choice.

Rochester

The lord of Thornfield Manor, with wealth and a strong physique, was about thirty-six or seven years old (nearly twenty years older than Jane Eyre), kind-hearted, and on the surface seemed somewhat cold and stubborn, and at first in Jane Eyre's eyes, he had a gloomy and moody personality, with a kind of manhood. He was physically strong, not very handsome, but his face was very strong, with thick black curly hair and a pair of large, shiny black eyes. When he was young he was persecuted by his father and brother, and was deceived into marrying the mad woman Bertha Mason, who was absurd and lived a life of debauchery, and roared all the time, rochester hated her very much, but could not abandon her because of a strong sense of responsibility and some demands of the time. Mr. Rochester traveled to Various European countries in order to pursue a new life, but he never found his sweetheart, but was frequently betrayed. Determined to live seriously, he returned to Thornfield Manor, met Jane Eyre, a governess, fell in love with her, and proposed to her, but the fact that she was married was revealed. Jane Eyre left, and he was devastated. One arm and one eye were lost due to the madness of the mad wife's arson, and the other eye was also blinded. Finally became Jane's loving husband. Two years after marriage, the eyes regained sight.