Two articles
◆ Haidilao "Zhen" - "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship salvage from now on
◆ Unveil the "most hardcore in history" and "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient shipwreck salvage plan
Haidilao "Zhen" - "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship salvage from now on
Shanghai, 2 Mar (Xinhua) -- The largest wooden ship , the " Yangtze River Estuary No. 2 " ancient ship , which is the largest and most completely preserved and has a huge number of cultural relics on board , was officially salvaged on 2 March. The archaeology and cultural relics protection of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship were launched at the same time.
The "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is a trading merchant ship during the Qing Dynasty and tongzhi. At present, it is sleeping under the water of Hengsha Shoal in the northeast of Hengsha Island in Chongming, Shanghai, and the hull of the ancient ship is buried 5.5 meters under the seabed. Archaeological surveys have shown that this ancient Qing Dynasty ship is about 38.5 meters long and about 7.8 meters wide in the central part, and has been found to have 31 cabins, which contain exquisite cultural relics such as Jingdezhen kiln porcelain.
Shanghai is one of the important ports of the Maritime Silk Road, and at the beginning of modern times, it has rapidly risen to become a well-known international metropolis and a major port in the world. After more than 10 years of underwater exploration, archaeological excavation and proper protection, the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is expected to "break the waves" at the end of this year.
Li Qun, vice minister of culture and tourism and director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, said that the newly revised "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Protection and Administration of Underwater Cultural Relics" will be implemented soon, and the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" is by far the largest ancient ship archaeology and cultural relics protection project at home and abroad, and it is also the world's first archaeological and cultural relics protection project implemented simultaneously in the excavation, overall migration, cultural relics protection and museum construction, which marks a major breakthrough in underwater archaeology on the mainland and contributes Chinese technology, Chinese experience and Chinese solutions to the world's underwater archaeology.
After more than ten years, the mainland has once again launched a large-scale underwater archaeological operation to salvage wooden ancient shipwrecks and carry out related cultural relics protection work. Previously, the Song Dynasty ancient ship "Nanhai No. 1" was salvaged out of the water in 2007, which caused a sensation in the world.
"The 'Yangtze River Estuary No. 2' ancient ship is a physical witness of modern Shanghai as a trade and shipping center in East Asia and even the world and an important node of the 'Belt and Road'." The great underwater archaeological discovery of Yangtze River Estuary No. 2 has extended the historical axis for us, enhanced the credibility of history, enriched the historical connotation, and activated the historical scene. Fang Shizhong, director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage, said.
It is reported that Shanghai will use an unprecedented innovative scheme - "arc beam non-contact cultural relics overall salvage technology" to salvage this wooden ancient sailing ship. Wang Wei, chairman of the Chinese Archaeological Society, believes that this current world-leading high-tech underwater archaeology program has truly realized the integration and development of cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation, and contributed to the construction of archaeology with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style.
It is reported that the underwater archaeological operation to salvage the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is expected to be completed in 2022. Once salvaged out of the water, the ancient ship was quickly lifted onto a special salvage engineering vessel, embedded in its open cabin interior.
Subsequently, the engineering ship sailed the "Embrace" "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship to Dock No. 1, the former site of shanghai shipyard in Yangpu Riverside, Shanghai. In the future, the old dock, also built during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, will be transformed into an archaeological base for shipwrecks and an ancient ship museum, where archaeologists will gradually uncover the mysteries of the many origins of this ancient ship.
Unveil the "most hardcore in history" and "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient shipwreck salvage plan
In the absence of contact with underwater cultural relics throughout the process, the Jumbo "doll catching machine" salvaged the original and original underwater archaeological sites estimated to weigh more than 8,000 tons, and then handed over to the "kangaroo mother" boat to "hug" and return to the "new home"... "The most hardcore in history" "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient shipwreck salvage plan contributes Chinese wisdom to the world's underwater archaeology.
On the 2nd, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Shanghai Municipal Government jointly announced the official launch of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship archaeology and cultural relics protection project. This is another milestone event in the underwater archaeology of the mainland, which has made a major breakthrough in science and technology, and the mainland has contributed Chinese technology, Chinese experience and Chinese solutions to the world's underwater archaeology.
On March 2, the launching ceremony of the salvage of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship was held at the Waigaoqiao Wharf in Shanghai. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ren Long
First of all, let's get to know this underwater archaeological technology support "Tiantuan" - they are composed of the Shanghai Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, Shanghai Tunnel Shares, Shanghai Electric and other enterprises, each of which is a "top master" of China's high-end manufacturing and engineering support. In the process of discussing and formulating the salvage plan for underwater cultural relics, they are determined to seek innovation, constantly surpass themselves, so that "scientific research" and "underwater archaeology" can fly together, highlighting the hard core strength and innovative spirit of "big country heavy industry".
Let's listen to the experts explain this innovative plan to xinhua reporters in detail:
-- Salvaging ancient shipwrecks using the technology of building subway tunnels
22 specially built curved beams, topped with powerful tunnel shield boring devices and tailed by a tunnel shield propulsion device with huge thrust – this is not to repair the subway, but to salvage ancient ships. This "artifact" can quickly excavate from the bottom of the ancient shipwreck, breaking through the thick sediment and even rock debris on the bottom of the Yangtze River estuary. According to reports, in the whole country, there are only a few lathes that can manufacture such huge engineering equipment.
The "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship overall migration project and other proportions of the test site taken on January 26. Xinhua News Agency (Courtesy of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage)
Why design such a complex underwater archaeological salvage equipment? Zhou Dongrong, deputy director of the Shanghai Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, said that if conventional underwater salvage technology is used, divers must drill a hole under the ancient ship of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" and penetrate the steel cable at the bottom of the wreck. This method is prone to landslides, which poses a threat to the safety of divers' lives and the safety of ancient ship structures.
In addition, the water quality of the Yangtze River estuary is also very special, it is muddy water, and the amount of sediment returned to silt is extremely large. Even if the diver completes the underwater hole, the sediment will quickly backfill in a short period of time, making underwater salvage an impossible task. Under such special conditions, the Shanghai Salvage Bureau tailored a salvage plan with high technology content and the greatest degree of protection of cultural relics for the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship.
"The use of tunnelling techniques to salvage an underwater vessel is the first time in the world's underwater archaeology. Relying on the mainland's high-end manufacturing capabilities, such high-tech solutions can maximize the protection of the originality and integrity of underwater cultural heritage and ensure the safety of cultural relics. Chu Xiaobo, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, said.
- One-two-three-four! The salvage of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is divided into four steps
According to reports, the overall salvage process of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship will be divided into four steps. In this process, the salvage equipment does not touch underwater artifacts at all, and can salvage the archaeological sites around the ancient ships that contain rich information.
In the first step, the salvage personnel lifted the end plate top beam assembly from the salvage boat into the mouth of the Yangtze River and sank into the mud in a preset position;
In the second step, the salvage vessel will install a jacking launcher frame on the end plate top beam assembly, drive 22 huge curved beams to rotate from underwater to underwater, pass through the bottom of the ancient ship of "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2", and wrap the hull "with mud and water";
In the third step, 22 curved beams will be connected to the top beams on the mud surface one by one, and all of them will be fastened. At this time, the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship will be wrapped by this pair of "steel frame iron bones" composed of curved beams and top beams;
Step 4: Lifting as a whole! After comprehensively inspecting the overall sealing performance of the device, the salvage personnel hoisted the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship as a whole.
- The salvage process is like "catching a doll"
For this innovative plan to salvage the ancient ship of "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2", some experts have made an image analogy - "catching dolls".
The 22 giant arc beams were first installed above the ancient ship, and then flipped to the bottom of the ancient ship, passing through the thick sediment and even rocks, and "grabbing" all the underwater archaeological sites estimated to weigh more than 8,000 tons.
--The Jumbo arc beam error is only in the millimeter range
What is breathtaking is that each of the 22 giant arc beams weighs nearly 100 tons, but the precision is extremely high, at that time, under the mouth of the Yangtze River, 22 arc beams will be "integrated" through the lock, and the underwater archaeological site will be "grabbed" out of the water.
According to reports, due to the high manufacturing precision of the arc beam, the error is at the millimeter level, and it is expected that after the curved beam is closed under the mud, it can not only ensure that the ancient ship of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" is "unharmed", but also strive for "even the mud with water does not leak".
——Tailor-made "kangaroo mother" boat "embrace" ancient boat back to "new home"
The Shanghai Salvage Bureau also developed a salvage engineering vessel with a central opening for the transport of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship. Chu Xiaobo, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage, figuratively likened the tailor-made engineering ship to a "kangaroo mother".
According to the salvage plan, after the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is salvaged out of the water, it will be quickly lifted to this engineering ship embedded in its open middle. Chu Xiaobo quipped that using this special "mother ship" to transport the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship is like "a kangaroo mother carefully carrying a baby kangaroo in her pocket."
According to the plan, before the end of this year, this "kangaroo mother" engineering ship will "embrace" the ancient Qing Dynasty ship and slowly sail to Dock 1, the former site of the Shanghai Shipyard in Yangpu Riverside, Shanghai. Coincidentally, both ancient ships and docks were built during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.
In the future, as a historical building, Yangpu Binjiang No. 1 Dock will be transformed into a shipwreck archaeological base and an ancient ship museum, where archaeologists will gradually unveil many unsolved mysteries of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship.
This is the composite map of the multi-beam sonar scan measurement of the "Yangtze River Estuary No. 2" ancient ship in 2021. Xinhua News Agency (Courtesy of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage)
Original title: Xinhua Investigation · Yangtze River Estuary No. 2 "Shipwreck Salvage | Jumbo's "doll catching machine" is salvaged as a whole, salvage equipment and underwater cultural relics are in no contact throughout the process, and "kangaroo mother" boats are "hugged" back to "new home"... Demystify the "hardcore" ancient shipwreck salvage scheme in history
Source: Lookout