Calligraphy is a traditional art unique to China, Chinese characters are created by working people, began to write stories with pictures, after thousands of years of development, evolved into today's writing, and because the ancestors invented to write with a brush, it produced calligraphy, ancient and modern exchanges, are mainly written with brushes. Do you know who were the most famous calligraphers in ancient China? Today, Xiaobian has taken stock of the eight famous calligraphers of ancient China, namely: Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, Huai Su, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Zhao Mengfu, Wang Duo, wu Changshuo; let's take a look at these ancient Chinese calligraphy.
Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (303-361, Yizuo 321-379), a Han Chinese calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was known as the "Book Sage". A native of Linyi (present-day Linyi, Shandong), he later moved to Jishanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in seclusion in Jinting, Ji County in his later years. He successively served as the secretary of The General of Ningyuan, the Assassin of Jiangzhou, and later the History of Huiji Neishi, leading the Right General. His calligraphy is also good at li, grass, kai, and line, and is widely used to learn from the strengths of all, smelting in one furnace, getting rid of the Han and Wei pen style, and becoming a family of its own, with far-reaching influence. Together with his son Wang Xianzhi, he was called the "Second King".
In the ninth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353 AD), on the third day of the third lunar month of the lunar calendar, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Qi, and 41 other people were practicing in Shaoxing Lanting (a kind of activity to eliminate diseases and ominousness), and everyone drank and wrote poems, collecting poems into a collection, and Xi Zhi improvised to write a preface to this collection of poems, which is the famous "Orchid Pavilion Preface". This post is a draft, 28 lines, 324 words. It recounts the scene of the literati yaji at that time. The author was extremely effective because of the favorable effect of the time and place at that time, and it is said that he could not be caught writing later. There are more than twenty "zigzags" in different ways. The Song Dynasty called it "the first line of the book under heaven".
Jin Wang Xizhi's Orchid Pavilion Preface
Wang Jianshan, grass, Kai, xing, fine study of the posture, heart to chase, a wide range of strengths, the preparation of the body, smelting in one furnace, get rid of the Han and Wei pen style, become a family of its own, far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, the gestures are euphemistic and subtle, and the world often uses Cao Zhi's "Luoshen Endowment": "Fei Ruo Feng Hong, Wan Ruo You Long, Rong Yao Qiu Ju, Hua Mao Chun Song." It is as if the moon is covered by light clouds, and the snow is like the return of the wind. A sentence to praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.
Legend has it that when Wang Xizhi was a child, he practiced calligraphy hard, and over time, the pond water used to clean the brush turned inky. Later generations commented: "Floating like a cloud, like a frightening dragon", "The dragon jumps the heavenly gate, the tiger lies in the Phoenix Pavilion", "The nature of nature, the god of abundance Gaidai". There are idioms about him such as entering the wood three points, east bed fast son-in-law, etc., the most obvious feature of Wang Xizhi's writing style is the delicate use of the pen and the changeable structure.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced generations of scholars. Ouyang Qing, Yu Shinan, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Ji, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi of the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty, and Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty, these calligraphy masters of all generations were pleased with Wang Xi's heart, so he enjoyed the reputation of "Book Saint".
Yan Zhenqing
Yan Zhenqing (709 – August 23, 784), courtesy name Qingchen ,nicknamed Xianmenzi (羡門子), nicknamed YingFang,was a native of Jingzhao Wannian (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), whose ancestral home was Langyue Linyi (present-day Linyi, Shandong). The secretary of the superintendent Yan Shigu V was a brother from Sun and Situ Yan Gaoqing, a famous courtier and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy began to learn Chu Suiliang, and later learned calligraphy from Zhang Xu, and also discussed calligraphy with Huai Su. He conducted in-depth research on the calligraphy of Erwang and Chu Suiliang, absorbed its strengths, completely got rid of the style of the early Tang Dynasty, and created a new era of calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is called "Yan Body", which is called "Yan Liu" together with Liu Gongquan, and has the reputation of "Yan Jian Liu Bone".
Tang Yan Zhenqing 《自書告身》
Yan Zhenqing's true book is dignified and dignified, and the knot has changed from the thin length of the early Tang Dynasty to a square, and the square sees a circle and has a centripetal force. The pen is thick and strong, the use of the center stroke, spare the bones, but also sharp, generally horizontal painting is slightly thin, vertical painting, dot, skimming and pinching slightly thick. This style of writing, the atmosphere is majestic, multi-strength, and has the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty.
WaiSu
Huai Su (737-799, 725-785), also known as Zangzhen, commonly known as Qian, was a native of Lingling, Yongzhou (present-day Lingling, Hunan), a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, known as "Wild Grass", known in history as "Grass Sage". He became a monk since childhood, spent time in Zen, and loved calligraphy. It is equally famous with Zhang Xu, and is collectively known as "Upside Down Crazy Su".
Huaisu cursive, thin penmanship, flying natural, like a rain whirlwind, with a variety of changes. Although his calligraphy is spontaneous and changeable, the law has it. Huai Su and Zhang Xu formed a situation in which the two peaks of Tang Dynasty calligraphy stood together, which were also two peaks in the history of Chinese cursive writing.
Tang Huaisu's "Self-Narration" (Partial)
"Self-Narration", on paper, 28.3 cm in length and 755 cm in width; 126 lines, total 698 words. In front of the post, there are four words in the preface of Li Dongyang's seal book, "Tibetan Truth Self-Narration". The original site is now in the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. "Self-Narration" is a representative work of Huai su cursive. The first six lines, which are said to have been supplemented by su shunqin (Song), a collector of this post, are indeed worlds apart from those below the seventh line, which is even more obvious when opened and overlooked. The whole passage is wild grass, the pen is in the center, vertical and horizontal, straight and straight, and there is no collection; up and down echo, one breath.
The calligraphy works passed down from generation to generation include "Self-Narration Thesis", "Bitter Bamboo Shoot Thesis", "Madonna Thesis", "Treatise on The Book", and "Xiaocao Qianwen" and other posts.
Huang Tingjian
Huang Tingjian (1045.8.9-1105.5.24), also known as Lu Zhi , a native of The Valley Daoist , Later FuWeng , a native of Fenning , Hongzhou ( present-day Xiushui County , Jiujiang City , Jiangxi Province ) , was a famous writer and calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty , and was the founder of the Jiangxi poetry school , and was known as "One Ancestor and Three Sects" (Huang Tingjian was one of them) with Du Fu, Chen Shidao, and Chen Youyi. Before his death, he was on a par with Su Shi and was known as "Su Huang".
Huang Tingjian is good at writing and cursive writing, and italics are also a family of their own. The scholarly books especially recommend Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface". There is a poem praising Yang Ning's style that can explain the depth of his understanding of the practice of the Orchid Pavilion Preface: "The people of the world have learned the Lanting Noodles, and they want to change the bones without Jindan." Who knows Luoyang Yang Fengzi, the next pen will go to the Wusi column. ”
Song Huang Tingjian, Songfengge Poetry (Partial)
"Songfengge Poetry Thesis" is the late work of Huang Tingjian, who created thousands of fine works of calligraphy in his lifetime, the most famous of which was the "Songfengge Poetry Post". Its wind god sprinkles, long waves, Teton undulating, a wave of three folds, full of rhyme, does not reduce the yiyi "Lanting", directly close to Yan's "Sacrifice Nephew", can be called the best of the book.
Rice
Mi Fu (1051-1107), initially named 黻, later changed to 芾, character Yuanzhang, self-signed name Mi or Qian, Hubei Xiangyang people, shiren number Haiyue Waishi, also known as the bear descendant, Huozheng descendant. Together with Cai Xiang, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, they are called the "Four Houses of Song". His personality is strange, his behavior is crazy, and he is called "brother" by encountering stones, and he is worshipped endlessly, so he is called "Mi Qiang".
Rice calligraphy and painting are unique in their own, with dead wood and bamboo stones and landscape paintings with unique stylistic characteristics. He is also quite accomplished in calligraphy, good at seals, subordinates, letters, lines, grass and other calligraphy styles, and is good at copying the calligraphy of the ancients, reaching the degree of chaos.
Mi Fuping's calligraphy is the most intensive, and his achievements are the greatest. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, most of the famous collections have engraved their legal books, which are widely circulated and far-reaching, and can be ranked first among the "four great calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty". Kang Youwei once said: "Tang Yan structure, Song Shangyi interesting. "It means that the calligraphers of the Song Dynasty emphasized interest and individuality, and Mi Fu was particularly prominent in this regard.
Song Mi Fu "Shu Su Ti" (partial)
Although some people think that it is a laughing stock, there are also praises that say, "Tianzi Yuanyuan does not need to be exaggerated, and Jigu can finally establish a self-reliant family" (Wang Wenzhi). To some extent, this explains the reason for the success of Mi's calligraphy. According to Mi Fu's own account, before listening to Su Dongpo to study the Book of Jin, it can be roughly seen that he was most deeply influenced by five Tang people: Yan Zhenqing, Ouyang Qian, Chu Suiliang, Shen Chuanshi, and Duan Jizhan.
His major works include "Duojinglou Poem", "Hongxian Poem", "Yanshan Ming", "Baizhong Yue Ming" and so on.
Zhao Mengfu
Zhao Mengfu (赵孟頫) (20 October 1254 – 30 July 1322), courtesy name Zi Ang, was a Han Chinese who was a Songxue Daoist, also known as the Crystal Palace Daoist and Ou bo, and a middle-aged Man who signed MengQian. A native of Wuxing, Zhejiang (present-day Huzhou, Zhejiang). Famous calligraphers, painters and poets from the late Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty, grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, the eleventh grandson of the Song Taizu and the descendant of the Zhao Defang faction of the Qin King.
Zhao Mengfu has an important role and far-reaching influence in the history of Chinese calligraphy art. His contribution to calligraphy is not only in his calligraphic works, but also in his treatises. He has a lot of insights into calligraphy.
He believes: "There are two kinds of books, one is the brushwork, and the other is the glyph. The brushwork is exquisite, although good and evil; the glyphs are exquisite, although they are familiar and alive. Learning books can solve this, and then you can also use language books. "Studying books is playing with the ancient Fa Ti, and knowing the meaning of its pen is beneficial." In writing the ancient Fa-ti, he pointed out a rather meaningful fact: "The predecessors got a few lines of ancient inscriptions and concentrated on studying, and they could become famous in the world."
Yuan Zhao Mengfu Xiaokai "Heart Sutra"
Zhao Mengfu is erudite and versatile, can write poetry, understands economics, works calligraphy, fine painting art, is good at gold stones, tonglulu, and appreciates. In particular, he has the highest achievements in calligraphy and painting. In painting, he created a new style of painting in the Yuan Dynasty, known as the "Crown of Yuanren"; Zhao Mengfu was also good at seals, li, true, xing, cursive, especially known for kai and xingshu. His style of writing is charming and elegant, his body is strict and neat, his penmanship is mature, and he created the "Zhao Body" book, which is called "the four masters of the Book of Letters" together with Ouyang Zhenqing, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan.
Wang Duo
Wang Duo (1592-1652), Zi Juesi, Yi Zi Juezhi, Shi Qiao (十樵), Song Qiao (嵩樵), also known as Yi An (IdiotIan) and Idiot Daoren (Idiot Daoren), also known as Yantan Yusu , a native of Mengjin, Henan. After Chongzhen entered the Customs in the Seventeenth Year of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, he was awarded the Title of Shangshu of the Rebbe, the Scholar of the Official Hongwen Academy, and the Crown Prince Shaobao, and died of illness in the ninth year of Qing Shunzhi. He died at the age of sixty-one and was buried by the Gongyiluo River in Henan Province.
Wang Duogongzheng, Xing, and Cursive calligraphy are due to Zhong Xuan, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, and Mi Fu, and his pen is strong and strong, and he is good at layout. There is the wind of the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, Dong Qichang's style of calligraphy was popular in the book world, and Wang Duo, Together with Zodiac Zhou, Ni Yuanlu, Fu Shan and others, advocated taking the Fa Gaogu, which was a different story in the wind of the times.
In calligraphy, Wang Duo is a calligraphy all-rounder with various abilities and diverse styles. Whether it is the mighty big letter, the tall and simple small letter, or his soaring cursive writing, it should be said to be first-class in the late Ming Dynasty. The main book is rare in Wang Duo's works, originating from the Tang Dynasty and being able to come out of his own mind.
Ming Wang Duo, Nine Cursive Poems (Partial)
Wang Duo's calligraphy chases the "second king", especially Wang Xianzhi, in addition to extensively involved in the Wei, Jin, Tang and Song masters, the most in-depth study of the "Ge Ti", Shi Gu Lin Ti is unique. His calligraphy is unique, and he is known as "Shenbi WangDuo". His calligraphy is on a par with Dong Qichang, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was known as the "King of the South Dong and the North", and his calligraphy used pens, out of the rules, and was relaxed, but full of the power of flowing freely and with thousands of juns.
Wang Duo is good at walking grass, with atmospheric brushwork, vigorous and free, and dripping with pain. His inkblots have been passed down through the generations, and many of his inscriptions have been engraved in stone, and his calligraphy is very popular in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries. The Japanese people greatly appreciated Wang Duo's calligraphy, and thus evolved into a school, called "Ming and Qing tones". His "Quasi-Mountain Garden" was introduced to Japan and was a sensation, listing Wang Duo as a first-class calligrapher, called "Hou Wang (Wang Duo) ShengXian Wang (Wang Xizhi)".
Wu Changshuo
Wu Changshuo (1844.8.1 -1927.11.29), initially known as Jun, also known as Junqing, the character Changshuo, also signed Cangshi, Cangshi, and many aliases. A native of Xiaofeng County, Zhejiang Province, Ino Wu Village (present-day Anji County, Huzhou City). In the late Qing Dynasty, he was a famous Chinese painter, calligrapher, seal engraver, representative of the "Houhai School", the first president of the Hangzhou Xiling Printing Society, and together with Ren Bonian, Pu Hua and XuGu, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Late Qing Dynasty Hai School".
When he was a teenager, he was influenced by his father, that is, he liked to write books and engrave them. Wu Changshuo's seal engraving works were first written in italics. Xue Yan Lugong, following Zhong Yuanchang, Lishu Xue Han Stone Carving; Seal Learning Stone Drum Text, the method of using the pen was initially influenced by Deng Shiru, Zhao Zhiqian and others, and later integrated and adapted in the lin writing of the "Stone Drum". The book is written by Huang Tingjian and Wang Duo, and the chapters of the Zodiac Zhou are influenced by the style of the Northern Tablet and the pen used in the seal, which are ups and downs, and are full of dangers.
Qing Wu Changshuo", "Stone Drum Text" (partial)
Wu Changshuo's calligraphy works, mainly seal books and grass, are written in his later years, the knot becomes longer, takes the vertical posture, uses the pen to be majestic and full, has the traces of seal books, and dissolves the seal and the subordination into one, forming a unique appearance.