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There were several plum branches in the corner of the wall, and Ling Han opened it alone.
Haruka is not snow, for there is dark incense to come.
—— Wang Anshi, "Mei"
Plum blossoms, which have been cultivated in China for more than 3,000 years, have their irreplaceable value, whether as ornamental or fruit trees, when potted or medicinal.
In addition, plums have a more important value – not limited to the value of plants.
Plum, the first of the top ten famous flowers in China, is listed as the "Four Gentlemen" together with orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemums, and is called "Three Friends of the Year" together with pine and bamboo.
In traditional Chinese culture, Mei, with its noble, strong and modest character, gives people the inspiration to work hard. In the bitter cold, the plum blossoms first, and the spring is unique.
The Chinese people love plums, love is the spirit of plum blossom pride snow and frost, love is the quality of plum blossom humility and self-respect.
Love it "pretty and don't fight for spring, only report spring"; love it "when the mountain flowers are full, she laughs in the bushes". Love is the soul and bone of plum blossoms, so it is said that "the sword blade comes out of the grinding, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from the bitter cold."
As a traditional flower and fruit unique to China, plum has appeared in many ancient books.
The Book of Books says, "If you make harmony and soup, you will only be salty and plum." In addition, mei has also been mentioned in poems such as the Book of Rites, the Book of Poetry, and the Qin Feng.
From here, it can be seen that Mei was already very popular with literati doctors in the pre-Qin period.
According to the records, the plums at that time were used as condiments for cheese, and they were indispensable for sacrifices, cooking, and gifts.
At least in the Spring and Autumn Period, the introduction of domesticated wild plums has begun to make them a domestic plum - fruit plum. In 1975, Chinese archaeologists discovered plum nuclei in the Shang Dynasty copper ding of the Yin Ruins in Anyang, indicating that plums had been used as food as early as 3200 years ago.
As for the rise of plum blossoms as ornamental plants in the folk, it probably began in the early Han Dynasty.
In the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing", it is mentioned that in the early Han Dynasty, the forest garden was repaired, and the distant trees offered their names and fruits, including Zhu Mei and Yu Fat Mei.
I think that the plum blossom varieties at this time, when they are varieties that are both flower-viewing and fruitful, are probably two types of Jiangmei and Guanfan.
In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong composed the "Shu Du Fu" cloud: "It is used as a cherry and a plum, and the tree is mulan." It can be seen that during this period, plum blossoms have been planted in large quantities in gardens as ornamental plants.
During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties periods, Yimei gradually flourished, and people began to pin more beautiful feelings on Mei.
Master Zhang An, the master of the Guoqing Temple on Tiantai Mountain, once planted a plum tree in front of the temple. Song Jingzuo's "Plum Blossom Endowment" has more words of "walking alone in early spring, self-improvement".
The Song Dynasty was the flourishing period of ancient yimei, when the art plum skills were greatly improved, and the variety of flower colors increased significantly.
Fan Chengda of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "Plum Spectrum", which collected 12 varieties of plum blossoms and introduced breeding and cultivation methods, which was the first monograph on plum art in China and the world.
As for the Yuan Dynasty, it dealt with a crown who loved plums and planted thousands of plum trees in Jiudan Mountain. He also wrote a poem by Wing Mei: "White Plum"
In the ice and snow forest, there is no peach and plum mixed with fang dust.
Suddenly, a night of fragrant hair, scattered into a clean spring.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the cultivation technology of plum blossoms has been greatly improved, new varieties have appeared in large quantities, and the cultivation of plum blossoms has been quite common in the society at that time, and the cultivation of plum blossoms has reached the height of prosperity.
The scale and level of art plums continue to develop, the variety continues to increase, and the stimulation of culture and art is becoming more and more profound, and Jin Nong and Li Fangjian in the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" are the famous artists of Wing Mei and Painting Plum.
In the Zhuzi Language Class, it is said:
King Wen ben said that "Yuan Henry Zhen" was the Great Henry Zheng, and the master thought it was the four virtues. Plum, the first birth is yuan, the blossom is Heng, the knot is profitable, and the maturity is virginity. Things are born as yuan, long as heng, into the not all for profit, mature for the virginity.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the "Book of Poetry" appeared in the description of "the mountain has Jiahui, waiting for the chestnut to wait for the plum". The word "Jiahui" is enough to reflect the appreciation attitude of people at that time towards plum blossoms.
Before the Tang Dynasty, the number of poems of Yongmei was not very large, but from the surviving Jin Dynasty "Plum Blossom Fall", the Southern and Northern Dynasties Shouyang Princess "Plum Blossom Makeup", Lu Kai Folding Plum Gift Friend and other poetry allusions, the plum blossoms at that time, in people's concepts, have slowly risen from material practicality to spiritual feelings.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the development of plum blossom culture entered a period of prosperity.
Culturally, Mei poems, Mei Wen, Mei Shu, and Mei paintings have come out, and most of their works are the most in the past dynasties, and plum blossoms have also established the status of the only one hundred flowers and the first of the crowd at this time.
In the Song Dynasty, there are many Mei shi, so in the "Yingkui Law Essence" of Fang Hui at the end of the Song Dynasty, "plum blossoms" are a category.
Plum words are also many masterpieces. Famous artists such as the Northern Song Dynasty Lin Kui lived in the lonely mountains of Hangzhou, planted plums and released cranes, known as plum wives and cranes. There are many plum blossom poems, such as:
The shadow is shallow and shallow,
Dark incense floating moon dusk.
Due to the leisure and elegance of the literati and scholars, which promoted the rise of private gardens, plum gardens were built everywhere, and the guiding effect of plum trees, plum lakes, meitai, plum pavilions and other plum viewing landscapes was planted everywhere, making it a social fashion to enjoy plums, planting plums and appreciating plums.
This style increased unabated in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and there were also new developments and improvements in the cultural level of books, literature, poetry, and painting.
For example, in the creation of Yongmei poems, the Ming and Qing dynasties are also full of talents, and a group of poets such as Xu Wei and Gao Qi have unique innovative achievements in the artistic conception, connotation or aesthetic concept of poetry on the basis of inheriting their predecessors.
In modern times, the creation of Yongmei's poems and paintings can be said to be unprecedented, and the number has long been uncountable.
In particular, Mao Zedong, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying, Chen Yi and other proletarian revolutionaries, with great revolutionary feelings and courage, wrote immortal Yongmei poems, which became a new atmosphere and a new bright spot in plum blossom culture.
Plum blossoms, not standing tall like pines, nor graceful and colorful as willows, only a few leaves support small flowers.
It is so inconspicuous, but it is so eye-catching. In the spring of the competition, you will not notice its figure; but if it is in the cold winter of the ice and snow, when all the flowers and plants are withered and turned yellow, it silently blooms the most colorful flowers.
The plum blossom has a low-key personality, the flower is small and fragrant, but it is difficult to hide its brilliance - it is not afraid of the cold, and the more it is oppressed by the wind and snow, the more delicate it is.
The ancients called plum viewing "exploring plums", in the middle of winter, the snow pressed the branches, and the plum and the snow were the same color. If you want to find plum blossoms, do you want to "explore"?
Mei is humble, it avoids flowers, hides in the snow, does not care whether it will be discovered or not its beauty;
Mei is proud, it is proud of the fierce wind, no matter how harsh the environment, it just stands up its noble head and makes Shuo Storm Snow fruitless.
It is precisely this kind of willingness to be lonely, indifferent to fame and fortune, but also strong and noble, proud and fearless, integrating the most noble character between these two kinds of literati and scholars, making Mei a symbol of Chinese culture;
It has become the spiritual belief of countless literati and scholars, taking it as an example, working hard to forge ahead, not afraid of hardships and dangers, and achieving the glory of life.
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