Plum blossom is the first of the top ten famous flowers in China, and orchids, bamboo, chrysanthemums are listed as the "four gentlemen", and pine and bamboo are called "three friends of the year".
Plum blossoms, the first to bloom in the severe cold, are the only ones in the world and spring. Therefore, plum blossoms have become an auspicious symbol and mascot for the good news of spring.
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty red sandalwood treasure inlaid plum pattern interstitial
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
Plum blossom, white and elegant, the ancient literati believed that it was a symbol of nobility, but also has a strong and modest character, giving people the encouragement to work hard.
The ancients appreciated plum blossoms as early as the pre-Qin period. For example, in the "Book of Songs", there is a description of "the mountains have Jiahui, and the chestnuts wait for the plums".
Qing Kangxi Su Sancai is happy with the plum pattern phoenix tail
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
The song "Plum Blossom Falling" of the Qing Shang Dynasty in the Jin Dynasty said: "The plum blossoms have fallen, and the willow flowers are scattered with the wind." Sigh that I am in the spring, and no one wants to call me. - lamenting that spring is fleeting.
In the Tang Dynasty, the wind of Yongmei was more prevalent. From emperors and ministers to cloth literati, they all wrote the eternal Yongmei sentences with different attitudes and aesthetics.
"Send the cold and snow to the end, welcome the new year early"
—Don Li Shimin
"The plum blossom is broken before, and the plum blossom is more after the year. ”
- Don Du Fu
"In front of the window in the coming day, the cold plum blossoms?"
—Don Wangwei
……
Song Dynasty plum blossom pattern mouth gold cup
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
In the Song Dynasty, the development of plum blossom culture entered a prosperous period. In "All Song Poems", there are more than 4,700 literary works on the theme of plum blossoms, and more than 1,120 songs of plum blossoms in "All Song Songs". The number of his works is the most in all dynasties, and the plum blossom has also established the position of the first of the hundred flowers and the group of flowers at this time.
There are a few plums in the corner, and Ling Han opens it alone. ”
- Song Wang Anshi
Smell the plum blossoms and the wind, and the snowdrifts are all over the four mountains.
- Song Lu You
"Every year in the snow, often plum blossoms are drunk.
There is no good intention to sweep the plum blossoms, and win the tears of the clothes. ”
- Song Li Qingzhao
"A hundred flowers bloom on their heads, and they will see you in the ice and snow. ”
- Song Xin renounced the disease
……
Qingdao light pastel plum blossom pattern bowl
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
Until the Ming and Qing dynasties - the Republic of China, the style of Yongmei continued unabated, and a large number of literary and calligraphy works were countless.
"Don't ask for the dew in the bottle, for the beggar and the widow. ”
- Qing Cao Xueqin
"The eaves flow is not dripping plum blossom jelly, a kind of solitude is not idle. ”
- Qing Zheng Banqiao
……
Qing Dynasty Zheng Banqiao "Plum Bamboo Picture" axis
Collection of the Palace Museum
Qinqi calligraphy and painting is the literati's spiritual sustenance and emotional channel, in addition to using poetry and literature to sing plum, but also on rice paper to paint plum, plum painting masterpieces on the theme of plum are not uncommon.
Plum blossom three lanes, Guan Ping Lake
Of course, people also stroke the plum on the strings. The piano song "Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms" has been passed down for thousands of years and has endured for a long time, and it is still one of the repertoire that must be learned by violin learners today.
Qing Kangxi copper tire painting enamel plum bamboo pattern slag bucket
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
In addition to being vassal, Mei has also blossomed in the beauty industry.
Legend has it that Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty, wore "plum makeup" during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which was at the forefront of fashion at that time, and I don't know how many beauty bloggers were envious.
Qing Qianlong red sandalwood full of relief plum blossom pattern long table
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
"Taiping Yulan" recorded: "Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, lies under the eaves of the Hanzhang Palace, and the plum blossoms fall on the princess's forehead, becoming five flowers, and they can't go away." The queen stays and watches it for a while. After three days of washing, it falls. The palace maid is strange, competing for the effect, and now the plum blossom makeup is also. ”
Since then, "plum blossom makeup" has also continued to appear in the verses of later generations of literati:
Jin Dynasty green jade carved white plum ribbon hairpin
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
"If you adorn the forehead of Princess Shouyang, the six palaces will compete to learn plum makeup"
—Don Niuqiao
"Early morning curtain roll light cream, try plum makeup"
- Song Ouyang Xiu
“梅妆堪点额，觉残雪、未全消”
- Song Liu Yingxiong
……
However, according to historical records, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty Liu Yu had ten daughters, none of whom had the title of "Princess Shouyang".
Guanfu Cat Zhao Mingming
adorn
Plum Blossom Flower God
When Liu Yu was proclaimed emperor, Liu Xingdi, the eldest daughter of the concubine, was the princess of Yongxing. When Emperor Wen of Song Liu Yilong ascended the throne, the eldest sister of Jin Feng was the princess of Huiji County.
And in addition to the late wife (Liu Xingdi's biological mother) posthumously named the queen, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty never set up other queens, so the "queen stayed" in the "Taiping Yulan" is not easy to explain. Perhaps, the origin of "plum makeup" is fictional or tampered with for future generations, but its beauty is indeed there.
Guanfu cat flower god series to draw Chinese objects
Late Ming Dynasty Rosewood Treasure Inlaid Plum Blossom Text Oval Locket
Collection of the Guanfu Museum
In the cold winter, everyone watched Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and paintings, read the story of plum makeup, read Yongmei's poems, listened to the piano music of "Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms", and perhaps went downstairs to the park to enjoy the plum blossoms in full bloom...... So, why don't you come back to the Guanfu Museum to see the plum blossom relics?
Plum blossom three lanes, Zhang Ziqian
In the future, the editor will update the series of "Listening to Music and Appreciating Cultural Relics" from time to time. If you have any favorite music, you can leave a message, I will help you find the relevant utensils, and talk about the story behind the music and cultural relics.