*For medical professionals only
Blood is drawn 7 times in six months, one or two bottles each time, each bottle is about 350 ml.
Due to the credulous 58 city recruitment advertisement, Li Mou, a post-90s man in Jiangsu, China, was coerced into smuggling to Cambodia and was kept in captivity as a "blood slave", which caused widespread concern.
Source: Tencent Video (Boiling Point Video)
It is reported that in June 2021, Li was abducted to Sihanoukville port in Cambodia while looking for a job, and in the following six months, he was treated as a "human blood bag", and the blood was "drained" by bag by bag.
Because Li's blood type is Rh-negative O type, he will be drawn once in a while, one or two bottles each time, about 350 ml per bottle, and he has been drawn seven times in more than half a year. The last time he drew blood, his whole body was puffy, and because they couldn't find a suitable venous needle, they drew blood from his head.
In the relevant video, Li said, "They spent money to buy me to engage in online fraud, let me get money from China, I refused to participate." They can't get money out of me, they can only squeeze money out of my body, and squeezing a penny is a penny of the kind, because they can't lose money. ”
"The 'doctor' they brought from the park really couldn't find the blood vessels in my body to draw blood, so they looked for blood vessels in the head to draw blood."
On February 11, the Chinese man in Cambodia was rescued and was in a state of near-death when he was taken to the hospital for medical treatment! The doctor who treated him said that Li was mainly drained of blood and was on the verge of death. He also has many complications such as severe anemia, edema, ascites, cirrhosis and so on.
The incident quickly fermented online. On the evening of February 16, the Chinese Embassy in Cambodia issued a notice on the case, saying that the police in Cambodia's Sihanoukville province had officially filed a case, and the police of China and Cambodia were coordinating to carry out relevant investigation work and strive to solve the case as soon as possible.
Source: Official website of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kingdom of Cambodia
At present, Li mou can walk slowly on the ground, can carry out simple language communication, and is receiving further treatment.
Squeezed dry "Rh-negative blood",
What's the point?
Blood type is an antigen that differs in the types of antigens present on the surface of different blood components. In 1984, the Rh blood group system named after rhesus macaques was discovered, accelerating the development of clinical hematology. The Rh blood group system is more complex and diverse than the ABO blood group system we know as well.
How complicated is that? For example, if the mother of a newborn is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive, the red blood cells of the fetus may enter the maternal circulation to produce alloantes; when she is pregnant with a Rh-positive fetus again, Rh antibodies can enter the fetus through the placenta, causing the fetus to die of an acute hemolytic reaction.
In the Rh blood type, Rh-negative like Li is rare in China and is called "panda blood". According to relevant statistics, less than 1% of rh-negative people in the northern region of the mainland, that is, more than 99% of people have a positive Rh blood type. There were no statistically significant differences in Rh blood group distribution between men and women.
Blood donation is a life-saving technology,
But it has become a means of killing people
The discovery of human blood types ushered in a new era of safe blood transfusions. Blood transfusion treatment has saved the lives of thousands of patients. According to reports, there are about 4 million cancer patients, 1.2 million aplastic anemia patients, 300,000 postpartum hemorrhage patients, 200,000 heart surgery patients, 40,000 leukemia children and other patients with transfusion diseases in the mainland every year who need blood to survive their lives.
There has been a global call to address blood safety at its source, advocating for unpaid blood donation as a source of clinical blood. Article 2 of the Blood Donation Law of the People's Republic of China, which came into effect on October 1, 1998, stipulates that "the state implements a system of unpaid blood donation.". To ensure the safety of blood, the donor who first provides blood must be a healthy person. Therefore, the blood source, blood collection environment, laboratory testing, blood processing equipment, refrigeration and transportation equipment, reasonable clinical blood and other links must be comprehensive quality monitoring.
And in this case, Li Experienced such a barbaric blood drawing method, which is heinous, how can he ensure the safety of clinical blood?
Healthy Blood Donation: Whole blood is donated semi-annually
Li mou was drawn 7 times in half a year, one or two bottles each time, each bottle was about 350 ml, how cruel is this? Let's see what the Blood Bank Technical Operating Procedures (2019 Edition) have to say.
The "Blood Bank Technical Operating Procedures" stipulates that the national promotion of blood donation age is 18 years old to 55 years old; male weight ≥ 50 kg, female weight ≥ 45 kg. After donating whole blood, the whole blood can be donated again at an interval of more than half a year, and the component blood can be donated at an interval of more than three months; the component blood can be donated again after two weeks of donated component blood, and the whole blood can be donated after one month.
Blood donation cannot be donated if there are menstrual blood infectious diseases, serious problems with important organs, etc., and blood donation should be postponed for three days before and after the women's menstrual leave.
In addition, patients with infectious diseases, such as those with viral hepatitis and those infected. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not allowed to donate blood. As mentioned earlier, Li mou has cirrhosis of the liver, although it is not known whether he is infected or carrier of the hepatitis virus, but the risks brought by it are even more worrying.
Blood donation, will make people's physical condition worse?
Li Mou was frequently drawn blood, resulting in a state of near death, but will normal blood donation affect the physical condition? As can be seen from the above, the process of donating blood is actually very strict, and blood is not something you can donate if you want to. Blood collection and supply institutions will do strict physical examinations (health consultation, physical examination, blood testing, etc.) before unpaid blood donation, and blood donors must meet the physical examination criteria for unpaid blood donation before participating in unpaid blood donation.
A healthy adult who is eligible for blood donation of 200-400 ml at a time is very safe and will not affect the health of the donor. Moreover, healthy people regularly participate in blood donation, which can promote the production of blood cells and keep the bone marrow vigorous.
So, if the blood donation is improper, will there be "blood donation complications" similar to those that occurred in Li? According to the Classification and Grading Criteria for Blood Donation-Related Complications, blood donation will cause local symptoms, systemic symptoms, and complications related to organic blood collection.
Table 1 List of complications of blood donation
However, blood donations can also have severe adverse effects. Depending on the need for treatment and outcome, the severity of adverse blood donation reactions can be divided into severe adverse reactions and non-severe adverse reactions. Adverse reactions to blood donation that meet any of the following conditions can be judged as severe adverse reactions:
a) Adverse blood donation reactions resulting in hospitalization and treatment of any of the following:
Treatment to prevent lifelong impairment or impairment of the body's functions;
Treatment to prevent death.
b) Adverse blood donation reactions result in significant disability or insufficiency and persist for more than 1 year after blood donation.
c) Death occurs after the occurrence of adverse reactions to blood donation, and the cause of death is suspicious, probably or certainly related to blood donation.
Finally, Xiaobian also reminds the majority of compatriots not to believe in information such as high-paid recruitment abroad, and do not leave the country by smuggling, otherwise it will ruin your life by encountering scams.
Resources:
[1] Dialogue with the "blood slave" guy: he was taken captive to Cambodia to find a job, and was kept in captivity to draw a bottle of blood every month... My Embassy in Cambodia speaks out; Beijing Youth Daily
[2] Kidnapping Chinese citizens to become "blood slaves" in Cambodia is a violation of conscience and an insult to medicine! Examine the horizon network
[3] Hu Meijing, Exploring the Clinical Significance of ABO and RhD Blood Group Investigation and The Establishment of Rh Phenotype Bank in Safe Blood Transfusion, Journal of Hebei Medical University[J], 2020, Vol. 41, No. 6
[4] Blood Bank Technical Operating Procedures, 2019 Edition
[5] Chen Hui, Classification and Grading Criteria for Complications Related to Blood Donation, Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion[J], 2009, Vol. 22, No. 7
[6] National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Guidelines for the Classification of Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation, 2017
Source: Medical Community Blood Channel
Author: Sunny
Editor-in-charge: Wang Hang
Proofreader: Zang Hengjia
Plate making: Xue Jiao