Author: Jing Zixin| School of Clinical Medicine, Fudan University
Review expert: Liu Wenen| Chief Physician, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Some time ago, a piece of news was on the hot search:
A 60-year-old uncle in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, has been donating blood for 14 years, donating blood 178 times, and the amount of blood donated is 55,500 ml, which is equivalent to 110 pounds! [1]。
Image source: Jiujiang News Network
Many people have questions: after donating blood so many times, can the body eat it?
Part1 regulates blood donation without harming health
Is donating blood harmful to the body? Does donating blood infect diseases? These concerns may all be superfluous.
An adult's total blood volume is 7 to 8 percent of body weight [2]. (That is, according to the density of blood density close to water, the total blood volume of a 60 kg adult is about 8.5 to 9.5 kg.) ）
In the human body, usually only 80% of the blood is involved in blood circulation, and another 20% of the blood is stored in the spleen, liver, lungs and other organs. Once the circulation needs to be compensated, this part of the blood is released to participate in the blood circulation [2].
Image source: soogif
When donating blood, blood collection agencies will generally recommend a blood donation of 200 ml, 300 ml or 400 ml at a time according to the donor's physical condition, accounting for less than 10% of the total blood volume.
After blood donation, the amount of stored blood is released into the blood circulation, the amount of blood in the circulatory system is quickly replenished, and healthy people donate 200-400 ml of blood each time, which the body can bear and has almost no impact on health.
For healthy blood donors, blood donation can prompt stored blood into circulation and keep the bone marrow alive [3].
At the same time, it stimulates hematopoietic stem cells to make blood, producing more immunoglobulins, which can improve human immunity to a certain extent [3].
After blood donation, it can temporarily reduce blood viscosity, reduce blood fat and cholesterol content, and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to a certain extent[4][5].
Part2 How long does it take for the body to recover after donating blood
Even if you don't donate blood, there will be blood cells in the human body at all times aging and dying.
50% to 60% of whole blood is plasma, 90% to 92% of plasma is water, 40% to 50% is red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, with the largest number of red blood cells and the longest cycle lifespan, about 120 days, the average lifespan of white blood cells is about 7-14 days, and the average lifespan of platelets is about 9-11 days [2].
After blood donation, the time for different components of the blood to recover is also different.
After blood donation, the fluid around the blood vessels will immediately enter the blood vessels, and the water and inorganic salts in the blood can be replenished within 1 to 2 hours;
White blood cells can recover in about 48 hours;
Platelets return to pre-donation levels in 48-72 hours;
It usually takes about 3-4 months for red blood cells to fully return to pre-donation levels[2][6].
Part3 If there are these conditions, blood donation is not recommended
Although donating blood does not harm health and may have some benefits, some people are not suitable for blood donation. These include:
Minors, the elderly. The state encourages healthy citizens aged 18 to 55 to donate blood. If there is no blood donation response in the previous blood donation, the age can be extended to 60 years old if the previous blood donation is in good health and meets the requirements of the health examination.
Adults who are too light in weight. If you want to donate blood, the weight of men needs to ≥ 50 kg, and the weight of women needs to ≥ 45 kg (note that it is "kg"), if the weight is lower than this number, you cannot donate blood.
Recent blood donation is also not recommended if you have one of the following:
Less than one week after the cold has been cured;
3 days before and after menstruation in women;
During pregnancy and less than 6 months after miscarriage;
Delivery and lactation for less than 1 year;
Acute gastroenteritis less than 1 week after healing;
Tooth extraction or other minor surgery performed within half a month;
Acute urinary tract infections less than 1 month after recovery;
Pneumonia less than 3 months after recovery;
There is a wound infection on the skin.
Part 4 Before and after blood donation, pay attention to these things
Before donating blood:
1. Be sure to eat! Never donate blood on an empty stomach.
2. Before and on the day of blood donation, a light diet is the mainstay. You can't eat and drink, and you can't smoke and drink.
3. Maintain a good work and rest in the days before donating blood, and don't stay up late.
4. Remember to bring your personal identification before donating blood. Friends who have donated blood in the past remember to bring a blood donation certificate, and the happiness of receiving the certificate and stamping will be available immediately!
After blood donation:
1. After donating blood, you can drink more water to replenish water, but there is no need to eat a big meal of Hesse. Appropriate supplementation with vitamin C and iron-rich foods [7] is OK.
2. 1 hour after donating blood, don't mention heavy objects! Avoid strenuous exercise for 24 hours and pay attention to rest.
3. After donating blood, if there is a bruise near the eye of the needle where the blood is collected, there is no need to panic, this is a normal phenomenon, you can try local cold compresses. Do not get wet in the blood collection area for 24 hours, be careful when bathing, or put on a waterproof Band-Aid for bathing.
Part5 Donate blood multiple times, paying attention to intervals sufficient
According to the "Blood Donor Health Examination Requirements":
1. Donate whole blood twice, at least 6 months apart and above;
2. The interval between platelet collection by the donor machine is not less than 2 weeks, and the total number of donations ≤ 24 times/year; due to the needs of special matching, approved by the doctor, the minimum interval is not less than 1 week;
3. After the donor machine collects platelets, if you want to donate whole blood, you need to have at least 4 weeks apart;
4. After donating whole blood, if you want to donate platelets, you should have at least 3 months apart.
Part6 Unpaid blood donation, paid blood, is to better use blood
Some people ask: Why does it cost money to donate blood for free, but it costs money to use blood?
Before donating blood, the blood collector will assess the health status of the blood donor and can donate if the blood donation conditions are met.
However, from the blood collection point to the clinical use, it also needs to be tested and audited by the staff, plus the transportation and storage of various departments on the way, which all need to be maintained at a cost.
In addition, the state has carried out unpaid blood donors and their relatives nationwide, and the direct reduction and reduction of blood costs in medical institutions in the province, after unpaid blood donation, their parents, spouses, children, siblings or parents of their spouses can enjoy clinical blood free of charge or priority [8][9].
Provinces/municipalities in China have different preferential policies for unpaid blood donation, subject to the latest local policies.
Image source: Network
Blood, is warm;
Love is universal.
Donating blood can cure the disease and save people.
Donate blood for free, self-interest.
bibliography:
[1] Jiujiang's "blood donor" donated 55,500 milliliters of blood in his lifetime, and he "retired" after the 60-year-old "retired" http://xw.jjxw.cn/jjsh/202110/t20211022_5276181.html
Wang Tinghuai et al. Physiology. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2018.]
[3] Van Remoortel H, De Buck E, Compernolle V, Deldicque L, Vandekerckhove P. The effect of a standard whole blood donation on oxygen uptake and exercise capacity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion. 2017 Feb;57(2):451-462.
[4] Valério de Arruda M, Cruz Silva A, Fernandes Galduróz JC, Ferreira Galduróz R. Standardization for obtaining blood viscosity: A systematic review. Eur J Haematol. 2021 May;106(5):597-605.
[5] Ceyhun G, Birdal O. Relationship between Whole Blood Viscosity and Lesion Severity in Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Angiol. 2021 Jun;30(2):117-121.
[6] Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Moore C, Walker M, Armitage J, Ouwehand WH, Roberts DJ, Danesh J, Thompson SG; INTERVAL Trial Group. Longer-term efficiency and safety of increasing the frequency of whole blood donation (INTERVAL): extension study of a randomised trial of 20 757 blood donors. Lancet Haematol. 2019 Oct;6(10):e510-e520.
[7] Kiss JE, Brambilla D, Glynn SA, Mast AE, Spencer BR, Stone M, Kleinman SH, Cable RG; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study–III (REDS-III). Oral iron supplementation after blood donation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Feb 10;313(6):575-83.
[8] Notice of the General Office of the National Health Commission on The Direct Reduction and Reduction of Clinical Blood Costs for Unpaid Blood Donors_Other_Chinese Government Network (www.gov.cn) http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11/15/content_5452406.htm
[9] Notice on Further Promoting the Healthy Development of Unpaid Blood Donation (nhc.gov.cn) http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7658/201911/cc212a05d77e48a3861fea7cc970bcd9.shtml
Note: Some of the contents refer to the Blood Donation Law of the People's Republic of China, the Health Examination Requirements for Blood Donors, the Health Examination Standards for Blood Donors, and the Guidelines for the Normalization of the Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic in Blood Banks.
*The content of this article is a popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as a specific diagnosis and treatment recommendation, nor is it a substitute for face-to-face consultation by a practicing physician, for reference only.
*The copyright of this article belongs to Tencent Medical Code, unauthorized media reprinting is prohibited, and illegal reprinting will be investigated for legal responsibility according to law. Individuals are welcome to forward to the circle of friends.
* Welcome to WeChat search and pay attention to the public account "Tencent Medical Code" to get more health science knowledge.