"Doctor, my wife is doing obstetrics color ultrasound in you, the report sheet writes that due to the size of the pregnancy, some of the cuts are not clear, the baby's face is not clear, what is going on?"
"When you checked just now, you told me that the fetus is in the buttock position, and the baby's ass is underneath, I don't understand what it means, can you explain it in an easy way?"
In the ultrasound clinic, such questions are often heard, many people get the report confused, and the various proper nouns are often dazzling. For the sake of the baby's health, pregnant mothers must do ultrasound examinations. But there are still many people who do not know what obstetric ultrasound is, why do prenatal ultrasound? What problems can be detected in obstetric color ultrasound? Next, ask the medical imaging experts to give you a science popularization.
What is prenatal ultrasound?
Prenatal ultrasound is a diagnostic technique that uses the acoustic physical properties of ultrasound to perform imaging examinations on pregnant women and fetuses to provide diagnostic reference for obstetrics and gynecology clinicians. Ultrasound diagnosis does not represent pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis is a combination of medical history, signs, genetic counseling, medical imaging, biochemical immunity, cytogenetics and molecular genetics.
Ultrasound can determine the fetal first dew, fetal orientation, fetal birth style, etc
· 1 ·
Fetal first dew refers to the fetal part that first enters the pelvis. The longitudinal type has the head first exposed, the buttocks exposed first, and the horizontal production type is the shoulder first exposed.
· 2 ·
Fetal orientation refers to the relationship between the indicating points of the fetal prelude and the maternal pelvis, such as left/right occipital anterior position, left/right posterior occipital position, left/right occipital transverse position, left/right anterior sacral position, left/right posterior sacral position, etc.
· 3 · Fetal delivery refers to the relationship between the longitudinal axis of the fetal body and the longitudinal axis of the mother's uterus, including longitudinal, transverse and oblique delivery. The most common fetal delivery style is longitudinal delivery, the most common fetal first exposure is the first exposure of the head, in addition to the fetal birth style and fetal first exposure are abnormal, which can increase the incidence of perinatal infants during childbirth. The fetal position is easily changed before 28 weeks of pregnancy, and the fetal position is more stable after 32 weeks. If the doctor tells you that your baby is sitting in the belly, then your baby is in the buttocks.
Classification of obstetric ultrasound examinations
Obstetric ultrasound examination is divided into: ultrasound examination in the first trimester pregnancy (including ordinary ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy, NT ultrasonography at 11-13+6 weeks), ultrasound examination in the middle and late pregnancies (including grade I, II., III. and IV. obstetric ultrasound), limited obstetric ultrasound, consultation or specialist-level obstetric ultrasound.
Medical imaging experts remind that the content and focus of obstetric ultrasound examinations at different stages and levels are different, and the corresponding obstetric ultrasound examinations should be selected under the guidance of obstetricians and gynecologists according to the gestational age and examination indications.
·1 · Grade I obstetric ultrasound
Examination of the main growth parameters of the fetus, no examination of fetal anatomy, no screening of fetal malformations, the content of the examination is: fetal number, fetal heartbeat pulsation, fetal azimus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and biological measurements (including double top diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference, ultrasound assessment of gestational age, weight).
· 2 · Grade II obstetric ultrasound
In addition to completing the content of grade I obstetric ultrasound examination, the screening of 6 categories of severe structural malformations stipulated by the National Health Commission should be screened: anencephaly, severe cerebral bulge, severe open spina bifida, severe chest and abdominal wall defects, visceral valgus, single-cavity heart, and fatal bone dysplasia. Grade II. obstetric ultrasound fetal anatomy includes skull, heart, spine, abdomen, and limbs, but sometimes due to fetal position, amniotic fluid, and maternal factors, ultrasonography does not show these structures well, and ultrasound reports should indicate.
· 3 · Grade III obstetric ultrasound
Systematic screening of fetal anatomy, including fetal head, face, neck, chest, heart, diaphragm, abdomen, spine, and extremities, is unrealistic and impossible to expect all fetal malformations to be detected by systematic prenatal ultrasound. Grade III. prenatal ultrasonography is affected by some potential factors, such as the thickness of abdominal wall fat in pregnant women can lead to sound attenuation and poor image quality; some positions of the fetus can affect some parts of the observation (such as the pre-occipital position is difficult to show the fetal face, the heart is difficult to observe, the fetal face is close to the uterine wall is difficult to show the face, etc.), the frequent fetal activity when there is too much amniotic fluid is difficult to obtain the standard cut surface, the lack of good amniotic fluid background when the amniotic fluid is too small, and the fetal structure is more difficult to display. Therefore, when it is difficult to complete all the required tests in one ultrasound, the pregnant woman will be informed and prompted on the examination report, and it is recommended to repeat or refer.
· 4 · Grade IV obstetric ultrasonography
Specific purpose examinations are carried out for special problems of fetuses and pregnant women, such as fetal echocardiography, fetal nervous system examination, fetal limb examination, fetal facial examination, etc. General grade I, GRADE II, III. ultrasound can be carried out to detect or suspect fetal abnormalities, high-risk factors for fetal abnormalities, and maternal blood biochemical abnormalities.
Finally!!! The results of each examination during pregnancy are indicative of the baby's health status, so pregnant mothers cannot ignore the necessary obstetric examination items, but also choose formal professional medical institutions, and choose the top three obstetrics and gynecology specialist hospitals are safer. Medical imaging experts remind that every ultrasound is responsible for the health of the child. Good luck "super" out, I wish every pregnant mother to give birth to a healthy and good baby, pregnant with a beautiful and good mood.