February 15
The Lantern Festival will usher in the Year of the Tiger
For the Lantern Festival
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Lantern Festival customs
The Lantern Festival is one of the traditional festivals in China, also known as the Shangyuan Festival, the Small New Year's Eve, and the New Year's Eve, which is held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year.
The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar, the ancients called "night" as "supper", and the fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night of the year, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called "Lantern Festival". According to the Taoist "Three Yuan", the fifteenth day of the first month is also called the "Shangyuan Festival". Since ancient times, the lantern festival customs have been dominated by the warm and festive lantern viewing customs.
The formation of the Lantern Festival has a long process, rooted in the ancient custom of folk turning on lights and praying for blessings. According to general information and folklore, the fifteenth day of the first month has been valued in the Western Han Dynasty, but the lantern festival of the fifteenth day of the first month was really regarded as a national folk festival after the Han and Wei dynasties. The rise of the custom of burning lamps on the fifteenth day of the first month is also related to the eastern transmission of Buddhism, when Buddhism was flourishing in the Tang Dynasty, the people of Shiguan generally "lit the lamp for the Buddha" on the fifteenth day of the first month, and the Buddhist lamp was spread throughout the people, and since the Tang Dynasty, the Lantern Lantern has become a legal matter.
The Lantern Festival is one of the traditional festivals in China. The Lantern Festival mainly includes a series of traditional folk activities such as viewing flower lanterns, eating tangyuan, guessing lantern riddles, and setting off fireworks. In addition, many local Lantern Festivals have also added traditional folk performances such as dragon lanterns, lion dances, stilt walking, rowing dry boats, twisting rice songs, and playing Taiping drums. In June 2008, the Lantern Festival was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
First, step on stilts
Stilt walking is a very old folk craft performance that has appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. When it comes to the Lantern Festival, many places are more popular in this kind of stilt-walking folk activities. Stilts are generally wooden, with a support point in a planed wooden stick to allow the foot to be placed, and then tied to the leg with a rope. Performers can not only walk freely on stilts, but also do various difficult actions such as splitting forks, jumping stools, twisting rice songs, dancing knives and guns.
2. Lion dance
Lion dance is an excellent folk art on the mainland. Every Lantern Festival or other gathering ceremony, the folk will use the form of lion dance to help. This custom originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and has a history of more than 1,000 years.
3. Flower viewing lights
The custom of viewing flower lanterns during the Lantern Festival originated from the time of the Han Ming Emperor. During the Yongping period, Emperor Ming of Han vigorously advocated Buddhism and ordered that on the fifteenth night of the first month, "lamps were lit to offer buddhas" in the court and monasteries. Later, the custom of putting lights on the Lantern Festival spread to the people in the court, and every Lantern Festival, whether it was a scholar or a commoner, every household would hang up lanterns, and the streets and alleys would be illuminated.
Fourth, play with the dragon lamp
The dragon lantern is also called "dragon dance", which has a history of more than 2,000 years. Dragon lanterns originated from people's worship of dragons, in ancient times, people prayed for the blessing of the dragon in the way of dragon dances, in order to pray for the wind and rain in the coming year, and the grain was abundant. The custom of dragon dance has also been carried forward and developed by overseas Chinese, and whenever there is a traditional festival or major celebration Chinese, they will dance lions and play dragon lanterns, showing a strong oriental atmosphere.
Fifth, twist the song
In the Lantern Festival, rustic northerners like to use the form of twisted rice songs to express celebration. The style of yangge varies from place to place, including Northern Shaanxi Yangge, Northeast Yangge, Hebei Yangge, Shandong Yangge and so on. Among them, the Northeast Yangge has the widest circulation and the highest artistic level.
Sixth, guess the riddle
"Guessing the Riddle", also known as "Riddle of the Lantern", is an activity added later in the Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival lights up, guessing the riddle adds a lot of elegance to the festive day. Some people write riddles on a slip of paper, paste them on colorful lanterns for people to guess, and hang the riddle with lights, so it is called "riddle".
7. Rowing a dry boat
According to folklore, the dry boat was rowed to commemorate the great Yu Zhishui. Rowing a dry boat is also called running a dry boat, that is, imitating the action of the boat line on land, the performers are generally girls, put the fake boat on the body, do the rowing posture, while running while singing some local minor tunes, singing and dancing, this is the dry boat.
8. Welcome Zigu
Zigu is a poor, kind girl in folklore, and according to legend, she was a concubine of a large family, and because of the jealousy of the housewife, she was killed in the toilet on the fifteenth day of the first month. The people sympathized with her and missed her, and in some cases the custom of "welcoming the purple girl on the fifteenth day of the first month" appeared.
Nine, walk a hundred diseases
In addition to the celebrations, the Lantern Festival also has some religious activities, that is, "walking a hundred diseases", also known as "scattering hundred diseases", "baking hundred diseases", "removing hundred diseases". The participants were mainly women, who walked in groups, or crossed bridges, or walked by walls, or walked outside the countryside, all with the purpose of warding off diseases and disasters.
10. Eat the Lantern Festival
"Lantern" is the name of the northerners, and the southerners call it "Tangyuan" and "Tang Tuan". According to the traditional folk customs of the mainland, every year on the fifteenth day of the first month, every household must eat tangyuan. Because these names are similar to the pronunciation of "reunion", so go to the meaning of reunion, borrow the fifteenth full moon night, and hope that the whole family will be reunited and happy.
Lantern Festival ancient poems
New Year's 15th Night
Su taste
The fire tree and silver blossoms, the star bridge iron lock open.
Dark dust goes with the horse, and the bright moon comes one by one.
The wandering tricks are all plums, and the songs are all plums.
Kingo couldn't help but be at night, and the jade leaked uncontrollably.
Fifteen nights to watch the lights
Lu Zhaolin
Jinli opened a feast, Lan Wanyan's early years.
The colors are far apart, and the light is far away.
The stars of Han doubt fell, and the building seemed to hang like a moon.
Don't have a thousand golden smiles, come to reflect the front of the nine branches.
Birth Chazi New Year's Eve
Ouyang Xiu
On New Year's Eve last year, the flower market was lit up like day.
The moon is on the willow tip, and the person is about after dusk.
On New Year's Eve this year, the moon and lights are still there.
Not seeing last year's people, tears wet spring shirt sleeves.
Watch the lights go by
Li Shangyin
Moonlight Lantern Mountain Mandidu,
Xiangche Bao Gai Pass.
Idle and not to see the prosperity of the middle,
Shame on the villager Sai Zigu.
Magnolia Order
Su shi
The Lantern seems to be a good swim. Moreover, there are few lawsuits in the public court.
Wanjia tour to enjoy the Spring Terrace, ten miles of gods and immortals lost to the island.
The plains are not like Gao Yang's pride. Promote Xi Grace to smile.
The guests in the sitting are drunk and affectionate, and they do not hesitate to get drunk at the jade mountain.
On the first night
Cui liquid
Jade leak copper pot and mo urge, iron off the golden lock open all night,
Whoever sees the moon can sit idly, where the lights do not look.
Surprisingly, though
This year's Lantern Moon is not "fifteen rounds"
It's "seventeen circles."
The roundest hour came at 0:56 on February 17
Lin Yuan, a member of the Chinese Astronomical Society and an expert in astronomy science in Tianjin, introduced that every time the moon runs between the earth and the sun at the beginning of the lunar calendar, the hemisphere illuminated by the sun carries the earth, we can't see the moon, called "new moon", also called "Shuo"; around the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the bright side of the moon is all facing the earth, and we can see the round moon, called "full moon", also called "looking". The length of time interval from "Shuo" to "Shuo", or from "Wang" to "Wang", is called a "Synodic Month", with an average of 29.53059 days.
Also on the first day of the lunar calendar, "Synod" may occur in the early morning, or in the morning, afternoon, or evening, and each "synodic month" itself has its own lengths and shorts. In this way, the "look" of the fullest moment of the moon can occur at the earliest on the night of the fourteenth day of the lunar calendar, and at the latest on the morning of the seventeenth day of the lunar calendar. However, because "Shuo" must be on the first day of each month of the lunar calendar, after "Shuo" on average, it takes another 14 days, 18 hours and 22 minutes to be "looking", so the "hope" of the fullest moment of the moon appears on the fifteenth and sixteenth days of the lunar calendar.
Statistics found that the most frequent occurrence of "full moon" is the sixteenth lunar calendar, followed by the fifteenth lunar calendar, the third is the seventeenth lunar calendar, and the least is the fourteenth lunar calendar.
"It is relatively rare for a 'fifteenth moon and seventeenth circle' like this year's Lantern Festival, the last time it appeared was on February 26, 2013 (the seventeenth day of the first month), and the next time it will reappear on March 1, 2029 (the seventeenth day of the first month). But no matter when it is round, the moon that people can see with the naked eye is basically no difference, it is the same flower good full moon, which will not affect people's appreciation of the moon on the night of the Lantern Festival. Lin Said.
When is the best night of the Lantern Festival?
Two hours after sunset is a good time to admire the moon!
"One is that the moon at this time looks particularly large; the second is that the moon is beautiful silvery-white and pleasing to the eye; and the third is that the moon's horizon height is low, which is suitable for taking beautiful photos of 'continuous moon with landscapes'." Lin Said that over time, the moon traveled to the sky due south in the middle of the night. At this time, the height of the moon's horizon reached the highest level in the whole night, and everything was silent, and the "Haoyue Top Sky Illumination" also had a different taste.
Source: Xinhua News Agency, Yunnan Net
Editor: Xiao Linping
Editor-in-charge: Yang Cuifang
Review: Li Yanming
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