preface
I came across an article that said that Du Mu befriended Zhang Hu and gave him a poem, calling him Zhang Gongzi.
At that time, Zhang Hu (c. 785-849) was already 60 years old, so why did Du Mu (803-853) still call him Zhang Gongzi? The article said that Zhang Hu was still a cloth-clad people at that time, and Du Mu was a thorn in history, so he was called Zhang Gongzi.
Of course, this explanation is not correct, Zhang Gongzi is not a clothed people.
First, whoever is like Zhang Gongzi, a thousand poems are light to ten thousand households.
When Du Mu was doing the history of thorns in Chizhou, he composed a poem "Dengchi Prefecture Jiufeng Lou Sent Zhang Hu":
Hundred senses are not free, and the sound of horns rises lonely in the sunset building.
Bishan thinks endlessly all day long, when did The grass hate it?
Eyelashes are not seen in front of the eyes, and the Tao is not outside the body.
Whoever is like Zhang Gongzi, a thousand poems light ten thousand households.
Chizhou is located on the banks of the Yangtze River in southern Anhui and is a prefecture-level city in Anhui. It is said that Du Mu's shepherd boy Yaozhi Xinghua Village was also written in Chizhou, and there are now two apricot blossom village scenic spots in the urban area.
There is also a famous free attraction in the city: Qi Mountain. People who are familiar with Du Mu must be very familiar with this song "Nine Days of Qi Mountain Ascension":
Jiang Han autumn shadow goose first flew, with the guest carrying the pot on the Cuiwei.
It is rare for the world to smile, and the chrysanthemums must be inserted into the head.
But the tincture will be rewarded for the festival, and there is no need to climb the hated sunset.
This has only been the case in the past and the present, so why should Niu Shan be clothed alone?
On the mountain there is the Chizhou Cuiwei Pavilion mentioned in Yue Fei's poem, whose poetry clouds:
After years of dust and clothing, the special search for fangs on the green micro.
Good water and good mountains are not enough, and the horseshoe urges the moon to return. 、
Pulling a little farther, back to the "Dengchi Prefecture Jiufeng Lou Send Zhang Hu", the Song Dynasty "Wang Zhifang Poetry" recorded:
Xiao Du Shou Qiupu, and Qiu as a poet friend, love the "Palace Words", give a poem: "How to the homeland of three thousand miles, false singing words full of six palaces." He also sent ShiYun: "Eyelashes are not seen in front of the eyes, and the Tao is not outside the body!" Whoever is like Zhang Gongzi, a thousand poems light ten thousand households. ”
Not far from Xinghua Village, there is the famous Qiupu River, and Li Bai once had a poem "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu". Xiao Du shou Qiupu means that Du Mu made a history of stabbing in Chizhou. In September of the fourth year of Huichang (September 844), Du Mu moved to Chizhou to assassinate Shi, who was forty-two years old, while Zhang Hu, who was about twenty years older, was already sixty years old.
So, why did Du Mu fight for Zhang Hu?
Second, Zhang Hu, who was suppressed by Yuan Bai
The great poets of the Middle and Tang Dynasties, the two most famous are Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu. But these two did not look up to Zhang Hu.
Lao Jie once wrote a "Fighting Poetry Activity for College Entrance Examination Immigrants, Why Bai Juyi Recommended Xu Ningqu Zhang Hu", which tells the story of Bai Juyi's suppression of Zhang Hu. This story comes from the Tang Dynasty Five Dynasties Wang Dingbao's "Tang Dynasty Speech" Volume III:
Bai Lotte canonical Hangzhou, Jiangdong Jinshi duo Ben Hang to take solutions. Shi Zhangyou boasted of his poetic name and took the first as his responsibility. After Xu Ning arrived, there was a feast in the county, and Lotte satirized the second son spear. 祐曰: Servant for xieyuan Yiyi, condensation: What is the best sentence for jun?
Yu Yue: The Temple of Ganlu has a poem that 'the sun and moon light arrive first, and the mountains and rivers are exhausted.' 'And the Golden Mountain Temple poetry has' in the shadows of the trees, the bells on both sides of the river to hear. "Condensation: Good is good, Nai Wu Savage Sentence Cloud: 'The ages are as long as white practice, and a boundary breaks through the green mountains."" Yu was stunned, so it was a condensation.
When the Tang people were admitted to the jinshi, they first had to be "relieved" in the state capital where the "hukou" was located, and then they were eligible to go to Chang'an to participate in the imperial examination. However, the Tang dynasty also engaged in the action of college entrance examination immigration, and the readers could "throw themselves in response", and get recommendations from other places through stabbing and extending reputation, also known as "seeking to lift", "township tribute", "taking solution", "getting solution".
Zhang Hu and Xu Ning ran to Hangzhou to get an explanation. Zhang Hu thought that he had the highest level and the most prominent reputation, and felt that Xie Shou (the first in the township test, also known as Xie Yuan) was none other than himself. However, Bai Juyi did not look at him and gave Xu Ning the solution.
To say more, Bai Juyi is optimistic about Xu Ning's poem 'As Long as Bai Lianfei, a boundary breaks through the green mountains', but it is called an evil poem by Su Shi: how much do you know about the splash of the flying stream, and do not wash the evil poem with Xu Ning. It can be seen that the quality of the poems is really a matter of opinion.
Interestingly, Xu Ning and Zhang Hu felt sorry for each other, Xu Ning thought that Bai Juyi was partial to himself, and both Zhang Hu gave up this township trial.
Later, Ling Huchu recommended Zhang Hu to the emperor, but Yuan Shu, who was the chancellor, said to the emperor:
The carving insect is small, the strong man is ashamed and does not do anything, or the reward is excited, afraid of changing His Majesty's wind religion. "The Biography of Tang Caizi"
According to the analysis in Pi Rixiu's "On Baiju Yi Recommending Xu Ningqu Zhang Hu", Zhang Hu "Yuan he Zhongzuo Palace poetry, lyrics Yanfa..... In the Yuan and Bai dynasties, its reputation was not very heavy."
Yuanbai and Bai did not look up to Zhang Hu, but Du Mu admired him very much, so in "Climbing the Ninth Peak Building to Send Zhang Hu", he satirized that the imperial court did not know talents: eyelashes were not seen in front of their eyes.
Third, why is Zhang Hu called Zhang Gongzi
Du Mu's "Climbing the Ninth Peak Building to Send Zhang Hu" wrote at the end:
Whoever is like [Zhang Gongzi], a thousand poems light [Ten Thousand Households Hou].
It can be seen that this Zhang Gongzi used allusions, and since he despised [Ten Thousand Households], it can be seen that this Zhang Gongzi is not an ordinary person.
In a nursery rhyme from the time of Emperor Hancheng, we can see the figure of Zhang Gongzi:
Swallowtail. Zhang Gongzi, see you when you are.
Wooden door barn lang root.
Yan fei came and pecked at Emperor Sun. Emperor Sun died, Yan Pecked Ya.
This nursery rhyme is from the Former Han Dynasty Book of Foreign Relatives, which explains the origin of Zhang Gongzi:
Emperor Cheng, every time he went out, he often went with Zhang Fangju, and was called the Marquis of Fuping, so he was known as Zhang Gongzi.
Therefore, the Southern Song Dynasty literary scholar Lü Zuqian said:
All poets with the surname of Zhang, known as Zhang Gongzi, gaiyin Hancheng Emperor nursery rhyme said: "Zhang Gongzi, when we meet." ”
As long as it was a man with the surname Zhang, poets called him Zhang Gongzi, for example, Du Fu's "Sending Zhang Twenty to Join the Army in Shu Prefecture because of Yang Wu's Imperial Service":
Good to go to Zhang Gongzi, the whole family do not hate Tim.
Du Fu's "Gift to Hanlin Zhang Si Bachelor":
Zhang Gongzi in the sky, Han Kexing in the palace.
Li Bai's "Lu Junyao Ancestral Hall Sends Zhang Fourteen to Hebei":
Like Zhang Gongzi, dirty in the wind and dust.
Li Bai's "Farewell to Zhang Wu at Night":
I have many Zhang Gongzi, don't drink high.
Northern Song Dynasty Fan Zhongyan's "Shangdu Xing Sends Zhang Boyu":
Nanshan Zhang Gongzi, the weather is clear and pure.
As can be seen from the title, they are all given poems to people with the surname Zhang, and the poems are called: Zhang Gongzi.
Conclusion
So who is Zhang Gongzi?
Zhang Fang, mentioned in the "Former Han Shu And Biography of Foreign Relatives", was actually the male favorite of Emperor Hancheng, and he was not Zhang Gongzi. Emperor Hancheng traveled in a small way, claiming to be a prince in the family of the Marquis of Fuping (Zhang's hereditary title), and Zhang Gongzi actually referred to Emperor Hancheng.
Later generations called Zhang Gongzi, which means to refer to the prince of the family of the powerful (Emperor Hancheng impersonated Zhang Gongzi). In the Northern Song Dynasty Liu Shu's "Ciyun and Zhang Tuntian New Year Sixty-Nine", it is written:
Happy to meet Zhang Gongzi, seventy Jian rare.
Zhang Tuntian (an official position) was almost seventy years old, older than Zhang Hu, and was also known as Zhang Gongzi. It can be seen that as long as the surname is Zhang, they are called Zhang Gongzi by poets.
@Old Street Taste
The original poem "Tour Hefei Bao Gong Ancestral Hall", Mei contended for the first spring release, and the heron was like a welcome point water flying