There is an idiom called "one-word proverb", which means that prophecies and omens are fulfilled, and mostly refers to unlucky things. There is a story in the Tang Dynasty called "Shi Chen", which tells the story of the poet Zhang Hu: Zhang Hu liked Yangzhou and wrote a poem "Traveling to Huainan", the last two sentences are "Life is only in Yangzhou to die, Zen ZhiShan guang good cemetery", and later he died in Danyang in Yangzhou. But Zhang Hu's fame is not only because of his "poetry", but mainly because of his 20-word "Palace Words":
The homeland is three thousand miles, and the deep palace is twenty years. A cry of He Manzi, a pair of tears fell in front of the king.
This is a palace complaint poem endorsed by the palace women. The Chronicle of Tang Poetry records that Tang Wuzong was seriously ill, and Meng Cairen was waiting nearby, and Wuzong asked her: "I may have a big limit, what will you do in the future?" Meng Cairen knew the meaning of Wuzong's words and replied, "Emperor, if you live long, I will not live." Therefore, Emperor Wuzong asked Meng Cairen to sing a song "Hemanzi" before his sickbed, and Meng Cairen sang "in a miserable tone", and the people who heard it next to him were in tears. Emperor Wuzong died, and Meng Cairen died a few days after mourning. The poet was very sympathetic to the fate of the Mengcai people, so he wrote two "Palace Words", which was the first.
First, let's understand two important terms in the poem: the homeland, the elegant name of the hometown, such as Du Fu's "drunk on other villagers, meet the people of the old country", Su Shi "Hugh thinks of the old country, and will try new tea with new fire"; He Manzi was a famous singer during the time of Tang Xuanzong, who was pushed out and sentenced for offending the emperor. Before her execution, she sang a song that overshadowed the sky and the day. Later, "He Manzi" became the title of the court music.
"Three thousand miles of the homeland, twenty years of deep palace", the beginning is directly the palace women's incomparably sad confession, "three thousand miles" is not a specific mileage, but the distance of the hometown is incomparably far, since coming to the deep palace, there is no chance to return to the hometown, can no longer see the sisters and fathers, and life and death what is the difference? "Twenty years" is not a definite number, but emphasizes the length of time in the deep palace, ancient women generally came out of the cabinet in their teens, decades, the red face is no longer there, and the youth time is all boringly spent in the deep palace. There are thousands of beautiful ladies in the emperor's harem, and how many can get the emperor's favor? Even, some palace ladies have not even been able to see the emperor's face in their lifetime. The first two sentences, from the space and time to write the suffering and pain suffered by the palace women, although there is no word that directly writes feelings, but feels that the words are thousands of words, causing countless people to sympathize.
"A sound of He Manzi, two tears fell before the king", the second half, describing the scene when the palace daughter met the emperor. Singing a sad song "He Manzi", remembering the encounter of He Manzi in that year, the tears in his eyes unconsciously poured in front of the king. Bai Juyi has a poem: "The ancestral manzi is a personal name, and the song begins when he is about to be punished; a four-word song is eight stacks, and from the beginning is the sound of broken intestines." "Thousands of miles away from home, closed deep palace for decades, the palace women will be long-suppressed resentment and pain through the song to vent out, people liver and intestines.
This poem is only two crosses, and on the surface there is no implicit and deep word, but through the number of "three thousand", "twenty", "one sound", and "double tears", the resentment of the palace women is very deep and smooth, and in the plain, the voices of thousands of palace women are written, which is deeply praised by the people of the time. This poem made Zhang Hu famous in the capital and alarmed the Tang Dynasty. Zheng Gu said that this poem "Zhang Sheng's homeland is three thousand miles, and the only one who knows should be Du Ziwei", Du Mu said "The Seven Sons on Poetry Who Is Like Gong, Cao Liu Su is in Command", and a generation of Wenzong LingHu Chu thought that this was a song that had been sung for thousands of years, and personally recommended Zhang Hu to the emperor.
However, Cheng ye "He Manzi" and defeated "He Manzi", before the emperor wanted to use Zhang Hu, he asked Yuan Shu next to him: "How is Zhang Hu's literary style"? Yuan Shu replied, "Zhang Hu carved insects small, and the strong man did not do it." If the reward is too great, I am afraid that His Majesty's wind will be taught. "Saying that Zhang Hu's "Palace Words" is a small skill of carving insects, I am afraid that it is against morality. As a result, Zhang Hu had no connection with the officialdom in his life, but became an important poet who could compete with Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Wen Tingjun, and Wei Zhuang in the late Tang Dynasty.