Schematic diagram of the excavation of the Qianqiu Gate site
The Qianqiu Gate site is located in the north que tai from east to west
Qianqiu Gate site Stone waterway from the Wei and Jin dynasties
Guo Xiaotao's report from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is entitled "Excavation Harvest of the Ruins of The Hanwei Luoyang City from Zhangmen gate to Jianchunmen Avenue in 2021". Located in the basic farmland between Jincun and Zhai Quan Village in Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, and Hanqi Village in Yanshi Shouyangshan Town, the ruins of The Gate to Jianchun Gate Avenue are the east-west avenues on the north side of the city of Luoyang in Hanwei Province, and the avenue runs through the East and West Palace Gates and passes through the middle of Miyagi Castle. In 2021, the excavation area of the ruins from Zhanganmen to Jianchunmen Avenue was concentrated in the Northern Wei Palace Castle, as well as the two palace gate sites where the avenue crossed the palace walls. The excavation focused on the ruins of the Qianqiu Gate on the western wall of the Northern Wei Palace, and the remains of the Qianqiu Gate site that have been exposed so far are roughly divided into three parts: the North Que Tai, the Gate Site, and the Ruins of the Inner Courtyard of the Gate Site. In addition, in order to solve the relationship between the Gate of Qimen to the Jianchunmen Avenue and the courtyard of the Xianyang Temple, two trenches were also laid in the palace castle, and the remains of Yongxiang That connected with the turning point from the Gate of The Gate to the Avenue of Jianchunmen were found. After entering the Qianqiu Gate from the Gate of Jianchunmen to the Qianqiu Gate, there should be a remnant of turning north and then going east, indicating that after entering Miyagi From the Gate of The Gate to the Avenue of Jianchunmen, he and Yongxiang were a road, consciously avoiding the Palace courtyard of the Xianyang Temple. The remains of Yongxiang excavated this time should be the dividing line between the front and back of the Northern Wei Palace in Luoyang City of the Han Dynasty, which is of great significance for understanding the layout of the functional space of the Northern Wei Palace.
[The report was published at the "2021 Henan Archaeological Work Achievements Exchange Meeting" held in Nanyang, Henan on the morning of December 18, 2021]
Extended Materials:
The "dividing line" between the imperial hall and the harem of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han And Wei Dynasties
Luoyang.com 2021-1-15
As the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, the architectural layout of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han Dynasty has always attracted much attention. Recently, the Luo Bao Rong Media reporter learned from the Luoyang HanWeicheng Team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences that in 2020, the archaeological results of the site were fruitful, and the appearance of the Second Hall of Miyagi and the avenue connecting The Gate of Zhangcheng to the Jianchun Gate became clearer and clearer, laying a further foundation for the restoration and display of the site.
Archaeological excavations of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han Dynasty have continued uninterrupted for decades. From 2012 to 2015, the ruins of the Taiji Hall of the Northern Wei Palace, the first "neutral pole" in Chinese history, were discovered. In 2020, archaeologists excavated the ruins of the Miyagi No. 2 Hall building on its north side around the TaijiDian Palace.
Near the ruins of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han Dynasty, mentioning the "Golden Ruan Hall", the villagers will refer to the large area of rammed earth found in the Taiji Hall area, and the ruins of the Miyagi No. 2 Hall building are also among them. Liu Tao, an associate researcher of the Luoyang Hanweicheng Team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced that through nearly a year of excavations, the eastern half of the rammed earth platform foundation and the ground outside the platform foundation of the No. 2 Hall building site have begun to show their "true appearance", and at the same time, the remains of the foundation bricks, white ash wall skin, scaffolding pits, and grooves have also been found on the outside of the platform foundation.
Excavation area of the miyagi-2nd hall architectural site
Combined with the new archaeological discoveries, archaeologists have also made new inferences about the historical appearance of the Miyagi No. 2 Hall - it may be related to the "Xianyang Hall" in the literature. The Xianyang Hall was built after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luo, and was built at about the same time as the Taiji Hall and the Luoyang Palace Castle, and is an important building in the south of the Palace After the Taiji Hall. According to relevant literature, during the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Xianyang Hall either served as the residence of the emperor before he ascended the throne, or as a place for the Northern Wei Emperor to entertain the sons of the clan, or as an envoy of the Northern Wei Emperor to receive the surrender of the Nagong, etc., which was slightly different from the function of the Taiji Hall, and was the "Inner Dynasty" on the north side of the Taiji Hall of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The ruins of the ruts from The Gate to Jianchunmen Avenue
According to the literature, in the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han Dynasty, there was a tongqu avenue from the Zhangmen Gate in the west to the Jianchun Gate in the east. In 2020, archaeologists found it.
Archaeological site
"Through the laying of trenches, we found road soil no later than the Northern Wei Dynasty in a road relic, and combined with its specific location and general direction, the preliminary judgment should be the east-west avenue from Zhangguanmen to Jianchunmen." Guo Xiaotao, associate researcher of the Luoyang Hanweicheng Task Force of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, introduced that due to the different locations of each trench, the status of its preservation, the width of the road, and the shape of the remains are different, but dense rut traces have been found in the excavation ditches at various locations, which further indicates that this is a road with high frequency of use and very important use from the inner city through The Palace.
At present, there are 8 known main roads in the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han Dynasty, and the road from Zhangguanmen to Jianchunmen is the northernmost east-west avenue and the only avenue that crosses Miyagi. The road is 35 to 51 meters wide from north to south and about 2,510 meters long from east to west, passing through the middle of Miyagi Castle and running through the East and West Gates. "Judging from the current excavations, the south of this road is the Taiji Hall and the Xianyang Hall Palace courtyard belonging to the Chaodian District, and the north side should be the Chiyuan District centered on Hualin Garden, which is where the harem is located." Guo Xiaotao said that this road separates the court and the harem, and its role in the palace is very clear and important.
Ceramic five-baht money fan
To the surprise of the archaeologists, during this excavation, a large number of pottery five-baht qianfan of the Western Han County were found. "This is the first batch of five-baht money fan we found in luoyang county in the Western Han Dynasty, which is rare in China." Guo Xiaotao said that the excavated items also contain the "Zongmiao" script of the tiles, according to its production techniques can be determined as the Western Han Dynasty objects, may be the remains of the Western Han County National Temple. The number of National Temples in Western Han County is huge, the sacrifice is solemn, Luoyang as the Western Han Dynasty was once the "candidate capital", the status of the County Temple is particularly important, this discovery provides an important clue for exploring the location of the Western Han County National Temple, but also for the study of the Western Han Dynasty Luoyang City North Palace Area configuration provides an important opportunity.
At present, the archaeological work has only roughly determined the approximate location of the Gate to Jianchunmen Avenue, and this year, archaeologists will conduct in-depth excavations of more than 10 key nodes involved in the period.
"The new archaeological discoveries in the ancient city of Luoyang in Hanwei have laid an important archaeological foundation for the construction of a national archaeological site park and the promotion of the protection and display of large sites." The relevant person in charge of the Luoyang Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics said that in the next step, the relevant departments will continue to fully cooperate with the archaeological work and contribute to Luoyang's construction of a core area for cultural protection and inheritance and an international humanities exchange center.