From a technical point of view, there are differences in the model, communication, interface, power, etc. of the battery pack, and it is impossible to achieve interchangeability between different models. Failure to achieve universality will create certain limits on the development of the power exchange mode.
For new energy vehicles, the biggest problem at present is the problem of battery life and charging. The choice of new energy power exchange mode has been in the news, there are policy encouragement, there are battery factories, vehicle manufacturers involved, then the new energy power exchange model, what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Energy saving and emission reduction Shorten the time of energy replenishment
The advantage of the power exchange mode is that the vehicle power battery that needs to replenish the electric energy will be charged in a centralized way to charge it, which can make full use of the low valley power at night and further reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The use of power exchange mode can also allow new energy vehicles to not need to wait for charging, to achieve replacement and go. The power exchange work can be completed in less than 5 minutes, which is much shorter in time than using a charging pile to charge the vehicle (under normal circumstances, it takes at least 60 minutes to charge from 20% to 100%, and 20% to 80% to charge at least 30 minutes). The emergence of the power exchange mode will effectively improve the problem of long waiting time for new energy vehicles to replenish energy.
In the past two years, the policy has continuously encouraged the power exchange model. The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" puts forward an outline for the development of the new energy vehicle power exchange mode: "We must vigorously promote the construction of charging and replacing networks, encourage the application of power exchange mode, strengthen the research and development of new charging technologies such as intelligent and orderly charging, high-power charging, and wireless charging, and improve charging convenience and product reliability."
On November 1, 2021, the "Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Power Exchange" was officially implemented, stipulating the safety requirements, experimental methods and inspection rules for electric vehicles, and solving the urgent problem that there is no standard to rely on for the power exchange mode.
Technology is not uniform Supporting facilities need to be perfected
From the perspective of the stability and safety of the battery pack, after the battery pack is frequently disassembled, higher requirements are put forward for the vibration resistance of the battery pack, the stability of the interface, and the wading performance of the battery pack.
From the perspective of supporting standards, the current stage of power exchange standards are not uniform, power exchange standards are not completely missing, power battery-related connectors, batteries and communication protocols actually have relevant standards, but in the industry has not been able to reach a consensus.
There are no specific standards and corresponding guidance documents for the construction of the substation, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles in the specific construction, approval and fire control acceptance.
Business models are difficult to make a profit
From the business model, we can't find the profit point of the power exchange model. In layman's terms, we can replace the shared battery, but this battery is different from the mobile phone charging treasure, but the power battery used in the new energy vehicle.
The sharing mode is not unfamiliar to us, the most common of which belongs to sharing bicycles and sharing charging treasures. So where is the profit point of the sharing mode of the replacement station? Industry insiders revealed that the establishment of a replacement power station at least 5 million, excluding the cost of later operation and maintenance. At the same time, as a business model, the price is bound to not be too low, most of the owners said that in an emergency will consider replacing the power, not in a hurry or go home at night to charge, after all, the 5 cents of civil electricity is once electricity, compared to fast charging or replacing the price of cabbage.
The power exchange model must be profitable in business in order to be durable, if the power exchange model is difficult to make a profit, or can not find a profit point, I am afraid it will be difficult to continue.
Vehicle-to-electricity consistency monitoring is difficult
From the perspective of new energy vehicle monitoring, as we all know, the new energy vehicle power battery must be included in the national battery traceability management platform for management, which involves an important point is the vehicle-electric matching. After the use of the power exchange mode, the car has replaced the battery pack many times, and how to achieve the car-to-electricity matching is debatable. At the same time, new energy vehicles also need to access data to the national new energy vehicle monitoring platform, and how to continue the battery data in the national platform and how to complete the verification of the data is also unknown.
For new energy vehicle subsidies, although the slope has declined, there are still some at present, in addition to local subsidies, operating subsidies and so on. When the subsidy is reviewed, what will be the matching of vehicle and electricity? Will there be a battery pack A, audited on the No. 1 car in January, and audited on the No. 2 car in February?
It is difficult for users to cultivate habits
From the user's usage habits and operational awareness, most users will not carefully manage the rented power battery. It's like most people don't manage a shared car that scans the code to rent. "The vehicle's battery is very low, but it can still drive, anyway, the car is not my own, I will continue to drive", so the vehicle continues to drive in a state of under-power. The on-board power battery is always in a state of shallow charge and deep discharge, and in the long run, the power battery attenuation accelerates and the life becomes shorter.
The above examples are not uncommon, and it is also conceivable that there will be some undesirable phenomena when the power exchange mode is developed. For example, if there is a wading section, there may be a car owner who forcibly wads through the water; for example, the power battery is too low, and the owner is still forcibly driving. This will lead to an increase in the cost and difficulty of subsequent maintenance of the power battery.
End users have many concerns
In recent years, spontaneous combustion accidents of new energy vehicles have been common. After spontaneous combustion, how can users protect their rights, find a car factory or change the power station? Will the two be prevaricated? Will there be obstacles to user rights protection?
Does the swap mode affect the warranty period of the vehicle? Usually, the power battery warranty period of passenger cars is 5 years and 200,000 kilometers, so if the power exchange mode is adopted, what is the warranty period? Is the maintenance and maintenance of the power battery all handed over to the replacement power station?
How to calculate the coolant loss caused by the liquid-cooled power battery during the power exchange process, whether there will be additional costs, and whether the user needs to bear it.
On the whole, to develop the power exchange has a long way to go, the technical standards are unified at the same time, but also to develop a sound user use management procedures, to avoid users using power batteries in violation of the law, to cultivate users' good habits of use, but also in the quality assurance policy and publicity to develop strategies, to dispel the concerns of end users, and finally achieve long-term profitability in the business model.