Parents of highly "cooperative" children participate in different ways! What are the three types of collaboration that are nurtured in different ways?
In today's globalized and pluralistic world, the importance of "collaborative problem-solving" lies in the fact that you accurately convey your opinions to each other, firmly accept each other's opinions, and then think together for better solutions.
Three types of "cooperation" with different timings
A child's "cooperativeness" is largely influenced by the parenting attitude of the parent.
What can be done at home to improve your child's "cooperativeness"
To date, there have been differences in the understanding of "cooperation" between Western countries and Asia.
The image of "cooperation" varies from country to country, but there seems to be a big cultural element. In Europe and the United States, the focus is on "cooperation", individual independence, sticking to their own intentions, discussing with each other, and finding better solutions.
On the other hand, Asian countries such as Japan are composed of harmonious and interdependent relations between people, and reading and reading is what Japan generally considers to be "cooperation".
However, in recent years, pluralism and globalization have evolved from the traditional "harmonious/synchronized" style of cooperation, where even people with conflicting interests can resolve each other's problems in discussion. I began to think about the importance of "active cooperation" represented by "cooperative problem solving".
There are three types of "cooperation".
1. Cooperation-oriented
It is an aspect of the "cooperativeness" of being willing to cooperate in order to work together to achieve something and share happiness. When I'm playing in a team, I feel like " I'm going to do my best for the team" . It is precisely because of this collaborative orientation that we can play with the rules as a group.
2. Collaborative problem solving
When you and the other person's opinions conflict, the attitude is to think of a way that is good for both parties, even if there is a conflict, explain to convince the other party, or try to discuss it to convince both parties. The parties can get closer, which is one aspect of "cooperation". It is the "cooperation" necessary to solve problems, such as listening to other people's stories first and apologizing if you find yourself causing trouble for others, especially in a future globalized and pluralistic society. I think it's going to be sought after.
3. Harmony/entrainment
This is an aspect of "passive cooperation" developed as Japanese and Asian cultures.
When one person's opinion is different from another person's opinion, it is "cooperation" that meets the other person's opinion, does not advocate for oneself, and lives in harmony with others.
These three ways of working together vary depending on how you grow. "Cooperative" cooperation begins to increase from mid-year (about 4 or 5 years old). It is believed that the collective life of nurseries and kindergartens will have an impact, and the cooperativeness of "cooperative problem solving" will increase compared with the same period, but if there is, especially in secondary school after entering elementary school, there is a trend of increasing in the upper grades. Regarding the coordination of "conformity and entrainment", this also gradually increases with age, but there is also an aspect that children suffer from "peer pressure" during the period from the upper grades of elementary school to junior high school. In addition, girls tend to be higher than boys.
Parenting attitudes of parents are thought to influence the development of "cooperativeness" in children. Parenting attitudes of parents have two aspects, one is the "response/sharing" aspect of responding to children's feelings and sharing their interests. The other is the "control/demand" aspect, which conveys parents' thoughts of "doing this" and "doing it badly," also known as discipline.
High Response/Sharing and Control/Request Group = Authoritarian
Low response/sharing but high control/request group = authoritarian
High response/shared but controlled low demand group = accepted
Low demand group = apathy
When we examined the child's cooperation into these four parenting attitudes, the high response/sharing, control/needs group", that is, the cooperation of parents with authoritative parenting attitudes was the highest. And that's the result.
From this result, members of this group usually talk and play happily with the child, actively communicate with the child, and appropriately convey to the child their attitude and discipline as a parent, speculating that they may be involved.
On the other hand, parents of children with low coordination have a "group with low response/sharing, control/needs", that is, an indifferent parenting attitude. This group of people rarely talks and laughs with children in daily life, understands their feelings, even if the children do bad things, they will not be well reprimanded, it is estimated that they are not very interested in children. As a result, I think the children don't get along very well with people, they don't develop cooperation.
The survey also showed that children in "groups with high app/share, control/demand" are highly cooperative.
In other words, do people in the family usually like to do something with their children, like to communicate with their parents, and express their feelings at the same time? Also, as a parent, it's important to properly communicate to your child what you shouldn't do and what you want them to do.
If this kind of thing can be done every day at home and in the parent-child relationship, I think the child's cooperation, especially the "cooperation orientation" and "cooperative problem-solving ability" will naturally increase.
In other words, the attitude of the parents is important.