Nameless,
Only this one volume,
A thousand years of green,
The mountains and rivers are boundless.
Under the stage lights, the dancers finally melted into a turquoise mountain, becoming the green landscape written by the eighteen-year-old boy a thousand years ago.
The Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Tiger Chinese New Year's Eve 2022, a painting of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains", a dance of "Only This Green", became the explosive point of the entire program. What impressed the audience was not only the wonderful stage action, but also the calm and arrogance in the song style and elegant rhyme. It is not a simple dance, but let the audience truly understand the heart and pride of the Chinese literati in "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains".
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Elegant and introverted, the beauty of the Song Dynasty is different from the heroic and unrestrained of the Tang Dynasty, and also different from the exquisite complexity under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
If you want to follow "Only This Green" to find the shadow of the elegant "Song", the museum is the best place.
Song Dynasty women in addition to the hair decoration of plutonium, hairpin, step shake, but also popular wear flower crown, often used peach, apricot, lotus, chrysanthemum and other four seasons of floral styles to do on the bun, called "one year view", and their clothing is basically a placket style, called pants, the same common is also the skirt - the upper body of the short coat and the lower body of the skirt together called the skirt, is a typical "top and bottom" clothing system. The upper placket is mostly a large placket half arm, while the Song skirt has the form of six, eight, and twelve, and the common feature is that there are many folded pleats. The skirts in the Song Palace were more pleated and fine, called the pleated skirts. In "Only This Green", the green shirts and green dresses of the dancing girls are derived from the Song Dynasty costumes.
In the cultural relics of the Song Tomb in Huashan Township, Gaochun County, collected by the Nanjing Municipal Museum, there are clothes, pants, skirts, bandeaus, shoes, socks, bags, quilts, sachets and other luo, silk, yarn, silk clothing, among which the plain yarn straight cardigan narrow sleeve shirt, and tilian pattern pants, diamond-shaped flower pattern printed silk bandeau and other exquisite patterns, rich texture, people will never forget.
What was the phoenix crown of the noble women of the Song Dynasty? In the Nanjing Municipal Museum, the Luanfeng wearing a pattern gold drapery pendant excavated from the tomb of the Song Dynasty couple in shannan, the shogunate, can give you a glimpse of the true face. When this pendant was excavated, it was tied with silk thread to the female tomb owner, and it was the pressed foot under the Xia Shuai worn by women in the Song Dynasty, that is, the drapery pendant. At that time, it was popular for noble ladies to wear kasumi draperies, similar to today's shawls, which were worn around the neck and draped over the chest, with a pendant hanging down.
Ordering tea is the most popular way of drinking tea in the Song Dynasty, a bit like the milk tea we drink now, choose the right green tea or white tea to make a tea cake, knock a piece down when drinking, roast it on the fire, and then take the tea mill to grind it into foam and grind it into noodles. After milling, you also have to take a basket, sift it, put it in a tea cup, pour it in a little bit of hot water, and then take a small spoon, stir the tea soup, stir it up and down while stirring, and hit the "snow foam milk flower", just like the modern coffee pulling flower.
"Daguan Tea Theory Point" tells that the Song Dynasty tea art "stirred tea paste, gradually blowing, hand light in the middle, fingers around the wrist, up and down thoroughly, such as the rise of the tiller, the stars and the moon, brilliant and born", the very distinctive Song Dynasty tea fashion prevailed for hundreds of years, until the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to strike the tribute group tea gradually declined.
The gold-encrusted plum-patterned silver cup and the plum-pattern silver plate collected by the Nanjing Municipal Museum were excavated from the tomb of Zhang Tongzhi in the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the silver cup was placed on the silver plate when used, and the role of the silver plate was equivalent to that of the cup in porcelain. Under the cold moon, Shumei had a proud character that did not compete with Qunfang, and was a popular literati elegance at that time.
There are also green glazed ice cracked porcelain plates, tangled peony jade combs, silver-plated banana leaf-shaped crystal cups, blue-white glazed warm bowl porcelain notes, vanilla-patterned silver bottles, green-white glazed porcelain incense smokers... Proper "Song Fan'er" can be found in museums.
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Ancient Chinese painters like long scrolls, the famous "Qingming Upper River Map" is nearly 5.3 meters long, the two existing sections of the "Fuchun Mountain Jutu" add up to about 6.9 meters, and the "Thousand Mile River and Mountain Map" reaches 11.9 meters, which is one of the longest scrolls handed down in China.
▲ Northern Song Dynasty Wang Ximeng's "Map of a Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" volume Collection of the Palace Museum
The reason why we can only say "one" is because the length of the Qing Dynasty still depends on the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty court painter Zhang Tingyan's "Celebration of the Longevity of the Empress Dowager Chongqing" is 30 meters long. Even more anti-heavenly is the 12-volume "Kangxi Southern Tour Map" jointly painted by Wang Yi and his student Yang Jin and others, with a total length of nearly 300 meters.
▲ Wang Yi et al., "Kangxi Southern Tour Map", volume VI
Speaking of "a thousand miles of rivers and mountains", the picture must naturally be open, and the whole painting composition scene is majestic and majestic, like a symphony. The seven groups of mountains vary in length and are dense. In the picture, there are endless atmospheric rivers and rivers, smoke waves, and details such as waterwheels, fishing villages, temples, farmhouses, taverns, and academies. If you cut a picture into countless parts, each part can be a painting.
What's even more amazing is that
A kind of beautiful and noble atmosphere in the green painting.
The silk used in this painting is valuable, and the turquoise paint is very expensive. The green pigment is made of malachite, bronze, lapis lazuli, brick and other precious ores grinded and refined, and the coloring method is even more exquisite, which takes five times to complete. The first time is to paint ink manuscripts, the second time is to color ochre red, the third time is to color stone green, the fourth time is to color stone green, and the fifth time is colored by stone blue. Therefore, the green and green method is precious in cost and complicated in process, and unless the Royal Painting Institute, ordinary people cannot use it at will.
▲ Part of "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains"
At that time, Huizong wanted to establish an aesthetic system and aesthetic consciousness that could represent the royal court- "Fengheng Yuda", using color to show the meaning of richness and luxury, so as to compete with the aesthetic style of another school of literati painting at that time, Xiao Ser and the cold mountains.
What made Wang Ximeng famous was not only his thousand years of talent and diligence, but also the painter emperor who stood behind him, his teacher and employer, Zhao Yao, emperor of Song Huizong.
Huizong grew up surrounded by many well-educated people, and he was not ready to become emperor, but he was already an all-round artist of poetry, books, and painting. After becoming emperor, he began to standardize the original loose painting academy system, so that painting had the same status as calligraphy and poetry. Not only that, according to Yu Hui's research, Huizong also single-handedly founded the only royal painting school in ancient Chinese history, painting science. Cai Jing clearly recorded that Wang Ximeng was a disciple of painting.
Probably because the work was not in line with Huizong's wishes, after graduating from self-painting, Wang Ximeng was not allowed to enter the Hanlin Picture Academy, but was summoned to work in the central government's warehouse where the tax files were stored. Although his job was no longer related to painting, Wang Ximeng insisted on painting and sent his works to the emperor several times. Later, Emperor Huizong saw the understanding of young people and decided to teach painting techniques himself.
▲Song Huizong's "Peach Dove Diagram"
Emperor Huizong paid great attention to realism and asked painters to carefully observe nature. He also pays great attention to the poetry in his paintings. When inspecting the painters of the painting academy, he often ordered the painter to paint with a poem as the title. The integration of poetry, books and paintings was also the first thing he advocated.
The Nanjing Museum has a "Diagram of the Partridge", which is rarely exhibited because it is precious, and the author is the art emperor Song Huizong.
The partridge is what we commonly call "starlings" in our daily lives.
The three starlings in the painting, two are fighting fiercely, one is watching the battle. The bird's feathers are dipped in ink silk hair, rendered in light ink, showing the thick black and deep feeling of the partridge feathers, and the scales of the pine trees are circled with a dry pen, and a little ink is applied, which appears to be depicted in detail and vivid.
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There is also a highlight in the painting, that is, Song Huizong's ingenious flower pledge, that is, the "signature file". It looks like the word "open", two horizontal and two vertical, which is actually the meaning of "one person under the world".
"One Man under Heaven" is a special flower for calligraphy and painting created by Emperor Huizong of Song. Under the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty was worried about internal troubles, he joined forces with Jin to destroy the Liao, but he failed to return to the sixteen cities of Youzhou, and at the same time, the economic development of the empire was stagnant and inflationary, and his self-esteem as an emperor could only be reflected in his enthusiasm for the cause of calligraphy and painting.
▲ Song Huizong "one person in the world" special flower pledge
This painting was once the old collection of the Qing Palace, and in the spring of 1760, another emperor who liked literature and art, Qianlong, when he was viewing, not only did the imperial inscription "Lively" three big characters, but also inscribed two poems at the top of the picture almost in the middle. In his eyes, "The Diagram of the Partridge" is a unique and lively place where life and death are at stake. In addition to him, the Xianfeng Emperor also loved him a few years later, and also wrote a poem on the edge of the painting. The paintings that the emperor praised for the emperor show that they are not bad.
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