Public Network Poster News Reporter Liu Song Correspondent Li Yongliang Heze reported
Heze City is located in the central belt of the Huangpan District in southwest Luxi at the junction of Jiluyu, Suwan and anhui provinces, and is an important part of the base area of Jiluyu Border District and belongs to the old revolutionary area. Heze, known as Caozhou in ancient times, has a long history, brilliant traditional culture, known as the capital of China's peony, the hometown of opera, the town of calligraphy and painting, the hometown of martial arts and the town of folk art, Heze "one capital and four townships" of Caozhou woodblock prints, has played its due positive role.
As its excellent history and culture, Caozhou woodblock prints originated in the Song and Jin Dynasties, prospered in the Ming and Qing dynasties, expanded in the Republic of China, and have been famous at home and abroad for a long time, which is enough to compete with the four major woodblock prints in the mainland. According to research, Caozhou woodblock prints are an indispensable part of the broad and profound Yellow River culture.
Due to the special human geography of the local area, it has condensed three significant characteristics: First, the territory is vast. That is, centered on the former Caozhou Fuzhi Office, the epidemic area and the scope of dissemination are extremely wide, all over the Huangpan area of southwest Luzhou; second, there are many shops. Urban and rural areas go hand in hand, villages and villages are connected, and long-established paper yard workshops with orderly inheritance abound. The woodblock prints created fully demonstrate the personality charm of Lu Southwest's rugged atmosphere; third, the variety is complete. His works are not only limited to the mainstream New Year paintings that pray for blessings and disasters in the New Year, such as the God of Doors, the Lord of Heaven, the Old Stove And the God of Literature and Martial Wealth, etc., but also keep pace with the times, often dabbling in art derivatives in all fields that are closely related to the people's food, clothing, shelter, and transportation.
As we all know, Heze City is known as the capital of Chinese peony, the hometown of opera, the hometown of calligraphy and painting, the hometown of martial arts and the hometown of folk art, which has been fully and vividly expressed in Caozhou woodblock prints, so it is not difficult to find the close connection between their origins and mutual influence. Because of the broad mass base of heze folk art in southwest Lu, it provides the necessary objective conditions and possibilities for the implementation of woodblock prints to give full play to their advantages and meet the needs of resisting Japanese invaders and the liberation war. With the development and changes of the historical era, the revolutionary struggle life in the Jilu-Yu Border Region, which can be sung and wept, has given it a brand-new vitality of life, making the New Year paintings of the Jilu-Yu Border Region shine brightly.
Caozhou women's foreign gun team, Fu Benzi New Year painting, with shoe sample
During the Liberation War, in order to respond to the great call of the central base areas, the party committee and government of the Jiluyu Border Region successively sent groups of art workers to go deep into the urban and rural New Year painting workshops in the Hebei-Luyu Border Region to carry out propaganda and guidance, and vigorously carry out the transformation of folk woodblock New Year paintings. On the one hand, the original traditional mainstream New Year paintings, such as the Door God and the King of Stoves, are temporarily stamped with various fashionable slogans that keep pace with the times, which are aimed at "improving the New Year paintings"; on the other hand, some professional art workers combine the needs of the revolutionary situation and take matters into their own hands to step up the creation of revolutionary New Year paintings, such as the "Jiluyu Border District Literary And Art Group" and the "Jiluyu Border District No. 1 Middle School Art Department Painting Class", and quickly produced a series of New Year paintings that closely followed the revolutionary situation in this activity. At the same time, the government of the Border Region has also carefully cultivated and organized a team of New Year paintings active in the folk by holding various folk art training classes and training classes, conducting demonstrations and on-site guidance. Because the New Year paintings are closer to the real life of the common people, are closely related to the working people, have no sense of distance, and are deeply loved by the broad masses of working people in the base areas, New Year paintings have been rapidly popularized and popularized in the Heze-Hebei Luyu Border Region.
At the same time, the "Jiluyu Daily", "Jiluyu Xinhua Bookstore", "Jiluyu Xinhua Bookstore", "Jiluyu Pictorial", "Comrade-in-Arms" magazine of the Political Department of The Jiluyu Border District, "Heze Comrade-in-Arms Newspaper" and "Heze Mass Bookstore", which were born in the flames of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, "Mass Digest" founded by the Jiluyu Mass Literary And Periodicals Society on July 1, 1946, and "Plain Literature and Art" magazine, which was edited and published by the Jiluyu Plains Society in 1947, or the headquarters and headquarters were located in Heze City, or they were founded and published in heze Old Town. In addition, the "Yunxi Special Office" in the Luyu Border Region also founded a special new year painting issue of "Yunxi Pictorial". These newspapers, magazines, and art groups of publishing houses in the Hebei-Lu-Yu Border Region have created and published a large number of new and popular woodblock prints, such as "Joining the Army" and "War of Resistance", and so on. This has played an immeasurable and tremendous role in promoting the promotion and popularization of New Year paintings in the base areas of the Jilu-Yu Border Region.
In addition, Liu Zonghe, a folk artist in the Heze-Hebei-Luyu Border Region and author of new year paintings, went to work in the Art Department of the Border Region Literary association after joining the work, and the newly created "Joining the Army" shows the moving scene of the people of the Hebei-Luyu Border Region enthusiastically sending their relatives and joining the Eighth Route Army to the front; another work, "Making New Agricultural Tools," also vividly depicts the cheerful scene of the poor peasants in the base areas who, after the vigorous land reform movement, got their share of their own fields and meticulously made new agricultural tools.
It is reported that the Heze City Archives also treasures the New Year paintings printed around 1947 during the period when the Jiluyu Border Region began the national counteroffensive, a total of 11 pieces, most of which were paid for by the "Second Liao Bureau of Jiluyu District Literary and Folk Work Group" and "Rural Painting Shop", red orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, and seven-color overprints, all of which are unique and particularly inspiring.
The Municipal Archives Collection "One Democracy" new stove grandfather with the Republic of China Thirty-Seven Years of the Solar Terms Table printed in the summer of 1947
Caozhou woodblock new year painting new year painting appreciation:
"Battle Heroes. Labor Hero "Anti-War Door God." At the beginning of 2000, the collection of Anti-Japanese War New Year paintings in the Heze-Hebei Luyu Border Region, five-color overprinting, two pairs (another single one), excellent quality. Shanglian is a "combat hero" dressed in the uniform of a PLA soldier. The left arm carries a long gun, and its armband shows the words "Chinese Liberation Army", and the right hand is high with a large knife, heroic and sassy; the lower link is a "labor hero", dressed as a peasant, holding a sickle in his right hand, holding a bouquet of red sorghum in his left hand, full of spirit, each riding a jujube red horse, wearing a large red flower on his chest. The colors are bright, the contrasts are strong and harmonious, the mighty and vivid, lifelike, extremely infectious, vivid portrayal and true reproduction of the Jilu-Yu Border Region base area in order to protect the family and defend the country, while jointly resisting the war, while engaging in large-scale production, the military and the people and the family of the fiery struggle life. Now it is the treasure of the Caozhou Woodblock New Year Painting Museum.
"Battle Heroes. Labor Hero "1945 Anti-War Door God."
The other is "Heaven and Earth All-God", which opens all phases in four directions, a total of more than 200 pictures, most of which are stamped with the words "practicing democracy". This traditional New Year painting, which uses natural pigments to overprint in five colors, is solemn and gorgeous in color, and the eye-catching logo of the four big characters of "practicing democracy" is refreshing.
"Practice Democracy" Heaven and Earth Full Concentration 1944 Anti-Japanese War Reform New Year Painting
The third is that the Jilu-Yu Border Region "Zhiqian. Mutual Aid Group" and "Fighting Landlord". There are five pieces in the collection, all of which belong to the Caozhou woodblock print "Fu Benzi Painting". It is also obtained after the new millennium in the Heze Antique And Flea Market. Let's start with "Before the Branch. Mutual Aid Group", a book of blessings contains two frames. Its picture is engraved with "the big car stretcher on the front line, the family's work and mutual assistance", and the lower section is "the painting class system of the art department of the border area no. 1 middle school (the predecessor of the current Heze no. 1 middle school)". The painting and its vivid reproduction of the labor scenes of revolutionary production and mutual assistance and cooperation in the base areas of the Hebei-Luyu Border Region after the start of the great national counteroffensive began. From the outside of the painting, it seems to see Chinese people's Liberation Army soldiers charging on the front line, the militia and strong laborers going to the front line, driving large trucks to transport grain and grass, and carrying stretchers for the wounded and sick. The masses of the people who remained in the rear, the men and women laborers, in order to support the front, were enthusiastically engaged in mutual aid groups and cooperated in large-scale production.
"Branch Front. Mutual Aid Group", 1946-1947 Fukumoto painting
The so-called "Fu Benzi" is also called book books, book clips and shoe samples. Some literati and large households also called it "embroidery sac in the boudoir". Because of the dialect, the local people pronounced the "book" of this "book book" as "fu", often pronounced as "Fu Benzi", thus giving the auspicious meaning of the book of happiness. The wrapping of the old blue tubu (now known as "Lu Jin") in southwest Lu, and the New Year painting album that was wrapped and dressed up, was one of the artistic derivatives of the Caozhou woodblock New Year painting series. In the long era of farming, the women of the lunan peasant family beat needles and threads and whiskers and could not leave the things, and since the beginning of marriage, they have been hand-held in a book, which has been loved and loved and passed down from generation to generation. This object also has important auxiliary functions, the most prominent of which is edutainment. Or to coax and educate naughty children crying at home, or to spread historical and cultural knowledge, or to imperceptibly imitate the skills depicted in folk art forms. For thousands of years, in a sense, it has been playing the function of those "little people's books" style Mongolian textbooks that were widely popular in the 1950s and 1960s.
The other is "Fighting landlords", the same drop", "Don't look at the landlord fake bowing his head, pretending to be poor and pleading, laughing and hiding the knife in his heart, the poor must not let go." -- The painting squad system of the Art Department of the First Middle School in the Border Region truly reflects the fact that the vast number of peasant masses who have been liberated and who are armed with spears and knives and the basic militiamen who have helped each other and cooperated in large-scale production have not forgotten the enemy elements who have been defeated. At the same time, it vividly and concretely shows the solemn and enthusiastic scenes of the people of the Hebei-Luyu Border Region in those years, selfless and fearless, and vividly complaining and criticizing the struggle. These three Fu Benzi New Year paintings were all found along the Yellow River in northern Juancheng County, and were framed in a Fu Ben by a peasant woman beating needles and threads. Unfortunately, due to long-term flip-flops, the wear is heavier. However, it is very coincidental that a few years later, the same Tibetan friend in Juancheng County sent two single pieces of "Fighting Landlords" and "Zhiqian Mutual Aid Group" with the same theme, which were of good quality and seemed to be removed from the Fu book packed in the whole line.
"Fighting Landlord", 1946-1947 Fukumoto's New Year Painting
At the same time, see also Li Chunlan's compilation, printed by Ji Luyu Bookstore, "The Mass Line of Literature and Art (Continuation I) - A Collection of Folk Art" (first edition in October 1947), contained in the "Road of Mass Art - Summary Report of the Art Department of Jiluyu No. 1 Middle School (August 20, 1947)", which also wrote: "From the establishment of the Art Department of the First Middle School to August 15, in fifty days, three training classes for painters' drama and music were opened, and folk artists (painting, engraving, mounting, Printers) old dramatists and trained children's singers totaled 173 people. The painter went to the countryside to investigate in depth, and in the west yi building of Juancheng, he drew the crimes of the landlord Yi Minglu into a cartoon, and without writing, the masses could understand and recognize the main characters in the painting. This kind of practice, the material is vivid and concrete, can be combined with the local peasant sentiment, and the propaganda power is very large. It also said: "After the completion of this painting project, two painting shops were prepared in Fan (County) and Shou (Zhang) Counties. ”
The Municipal Archives holds several other pairs of new door gods in the Jiluyu Border Area
JiluYu Border District Fu Benzi New Year painting cover "Rich and Noble Peace Peony Map"
In short, the New Year painting of the Heze-Hebei-Hebei-Lu-Yu Border Region is a brand-new art form, which truly reproduces the glorious course of the great revolution and large-scale production in the base areas of the Hebei-Lu-Yu Border Region in those years, and in coordination with the fiery political, economic, and military struggles, it has played its due revolutionary function in order to expel the Japanese Kou and liberate all of China, and has greatly encouraged the broad masses of working people to turn around and liberate themselves and win the final victory of the revolution.