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"Burning Sacrifice"
A grand and bleak farewell ceremony
Shen Dizhi
Sanxingdui has unearthed cultural relics, mostly used for religious and sacrificial activities. Six newly discovered sacrificial pits are located next to pits 1 and 2. There are 6 similar sacrificial pits, four large and two small, in the same direction, the burial time of the utensils is obviously different, and the artifacts of different pits are obviously buried in the soil layer of different periods.
The evidence brought in again pointed to the "burning sacrifice".
Incineration, not carried out in the pit. The utensils were regularly placed in the sacrificial pit and buried in an orderly manner. Below, small pieces; middle, bronze vessels and masks; above, ivory. Unlike taking out the garbage, a subjective "deliberate" act – sacrifice.
Sanxingdui Golden Wand (Courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
The collapse of the Jongmyo Temple took away the stability of the ancient Shu kingdom
The Sanxingdui civilization appeared after the fall of the Xia Dynasty.
Theocracy, theocracy.
Similar to the Confucian clan kingship, it is almost taoist natural theocracy.
Coalition governance. Consists of two groups: braided hair and braided hair.
Distinctive features. The epitome of the ruling class of the ancient Shu state more than 3,000 years ago.
There are two hairstyles: "braided hair", with long braids hanging behind the head; "braided hair", the hair is rolled up and tied behind the head.
Bronze figures with "hair" combed, dressed in ornate costumes, wearing bird crowns and bird-foot pants, clutching a mysterious branch in their hands, often showing a mysterious atmosphere, as if they are reveling in a grand ceremony and may be engaged in religious activities.
Possession of theocracy. It controlled the spirit of the ancient Shu people and acted as a medium for people to connect with the gods.
Bronze figure with "braided hair" looks relaxed and comfortable. A secular group with political power.
Take over the throne. Enslaved the bodies of the ancient Shu people, driving them to work and fight.
In the confrontation with nature, the Zhongyuan people wrote stories such as "Jingwei Reclamation", "Yugong Moving Mountains", and "Praising Father Day by Day".
Ancient Shu Kingdom, "Lingshou Huashi, grass and forests gathered." There are a hundred beasts, and they are in groups." A harmonious paradise, spring ploughing waiting for autumn harvest, birds and singing to themselves, the residents enjoy themselves, free And the Taoist rudimentary ideas began to spread, "the great affairs of the country, in the worship and Rong".
Since the birth of the ancient Shu civilization, the regional character has continued to develop and evolve.
The "Sanxingdui Civilization" was in the sub-northern period, accompanied by sudden floods.
Living in the Chengdu Plain, always living in a panic about floods.
Although he left the minjiang river valley, which was frequently plagued by disasters, he could not get rid of the curse of earthquake and flood disaster.
"Watery pelvic floor". A huge earthquake, a huge flood, can destroy a civilization.
The plains of alluvial fans, left and right accumulation change, so that during the migration process also "swing" left and right.
Magnetic pole reversal. Flooding became a potential driver of the migration of the center of civilization.
The ancient Min River once passed through the Guangguang Mountains in the Area of Yanmen in Wenchuan, and flowed along the present-day Baishui River and the Xiang River to the Tuo River.
Heaven forbid. Around 4,000 years ago, a sudden strong earthquake in the Longmen Mountain area led to landslides and landslides, along the present-day Baishui River, the Xiang River, flowing to the ancient Min River of the Tuojiang River, which was blocked in the canyon, and became a severed river below the Guangguang Mountain. The water of the dammed lake rises, overflows in the low watershed between Yanmen and Wenchuan County, and flows southwest to the confluence of Wenchuan County and Zagu Brain River, forming the water system form of the upper reaches of the Min River today.
"Heavenly water pouring". Summer rains are concentrated, and the basin is high on all sides and low in the middle, forcing the water system to converge towards the center of the basin. The rivers on the alluvial fan plains are easy to migrate, often diverted, and once they encounter frequent rainstorms, they become a country in the water, and the lives are destroyed.
The "Notes on the Water Classic" records: "Han Yuan Yanzhong, Minshan landslide, the water of the River, three days do not flow." ”
The river is diverted. The Ancient Min River, which originally flowed through Sanxingdui, was depleted.
The amount of water at the mouth of the Yulei Mountain in Present-day Dujiangyan has increased dramatically.
The river on which the "Sanxingdui people" depended for survival suddenly disappeared, causing the decline of civilization.
In an accident, the Sanxingdui collapsed Zongmiao, taking away the stability of the ancient Shu kingdom.
Where to migrate?
Is it the "vice capital" sands city, or poetry and far away?
If you continue to live a happy life, you should leave.
Sudden, wandering, hesitant, with no definite destination. There were fierce quarrels and confrontations within the ancient Shu state, and a group of "braided hair" wanted to settle in the "vice capital", and a group of "braided hair" insisted on migrating to the Central Plains. No one can convince anyone.
A theocracy that has produced class divisions.
The king of Ancient Shu, like the "Bronze Great Liren", not only had an extraordinary status, but also was responsible for blessings and prayers in the sacrifices, combining royal power and divine power, and other nobles could only kneel on the side to pray, and some slaves could only lay hands.
The "Bronze Da Li Ren" itself wears a high crown, wears a narrow sleeve and half-arm total of 3 layers of clothing, the clothes are intricate and exquisite, mainly dragon patterns, supplemented by bird patterns, insect patterns and eye patterns, etc., wearing checkered belt ornaments, it seems to be a "priest" and "King of Shu" with a different nature.
Influenced by Central Plains culture. Human faces, also known as "stingrays". In "Zhou Li Xia Guan", there are "palm covered with bear skins, golden four eyes, Xuan Yi Zhu Cloth ... Eiso chamber exorcism". It is a Central Plains tradition to wear or use masks during sacrifices and perform psychic prayers.
Go-shaped jade, an important prop in the sacrifice.
"Sanxingdui People" is the intermediary of communication with the Emperor of Heaven.
Coalition governance means balance.
If the balance is broken, problems will arise.
After all, the divine power and the kingship cannot live in peace, and they are bound to compete with each other.
Same. In the early days of the Shang Dynasty, a clique of clergy decided on the power of Bu Zheng, under the guise of the will of the ghost gods, gathered in the direction of the country, was respected and believed by the subjects, and had more power than the Shang king. After Wu Ding succeeded to the throne, the royal power slowly overpowered the divine power.
Similar. Ancient Shu kingdom and Shang dynasty.
Kingship and divine power are interdependent.
The desire for rights is bound to cause conflict between the "two powers" community.
The "Xia Clan Remnant" of the "Zhenfa" upset the balance.
Sanxingdui bronze kneeling figure (courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
The "Xia remnants" migrated to the Chengdu Plain
The Book of Shang records: "Cheng Tang was placed in the South Nest. ”
The Huainan Zi says: "Tang was defeated at Alexander, and died in the same boat as his sister Xi on the floating river and running to the mountain of the South Nest." In the "Battle of Mingtiao", Xia Jie did not die, and under the escort of hundreds of elite soldiers, he took his wife and concubines such as Meixi and followed the "Xia Clan Remnants" and fled to the "South Nest"...
"South Nest", Yu Xia's hometown and hometown in the Chengdu Plain.
Literature such as the Bamboo Book Chronicle and the Imperial Century also say that Xia Jie took the initiative to flee to "Chao Mountain".
In the Book of Shang, only the preface remains. The preface says: "When Master Xia was defeated, Tang Sui followed him, so he cut down the Three Axes and captured Baoyu." Yi Bo and Zhong Bo wrote "Dian Bao". "The Three Branches, belonging to the clan of Jiuyi, moved south with Xia Jie, and were chased by the merchants and seized Baoyu.
Jongmyo temple ceremonial vessels. The use of jade to sacrifice the gods can avoid flood and drought disasters, so jade is called jade.
Upon learning the news, Shang Tang sent soldiers to pursue and kill all the way.
From the Xia capital to Chengdu, the pursuit route led by "Women Hao" led the troops from Erlitou south, Yuepu Rescue Pass (present-day Wangping Township, Ruyang County, Henan Province), to the Huxiang region centered on Panlong City, tracing the river to the Chengdu Plain, and surrendering to the Qiang tribes along the way...
When Wu Ding ascended the throne, the ancient Shu state had been established in the Chengdu Plain for about 350 years.
Anyang Yin Ruins, a cosmopolitan city.
Bronzes, cattle, horses, sheep, wheat and other indicators have entered the world system.
Sanxingdui bronze eagle bell (courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
The richness of civilization makes the boundaries of civilization blurred and elastic.
Civilization Center. The emergence of early urban agglomerations in the Chengdu Plain, the depiction of primitive forms, bronzes, the end of the "three generations of Shu kings" competing for dominance, and the emergence of a state power rooted in society and above society. The early Kingdom of Sanxingdui.
It has great power and vast urban areas.
During the Wuding period, "Shu" was mentioned many times in the Oracle Bone Bu Ci.
Pengzhou unearthed copper inscriptions of "Qin Father Decoction" and "Mu Zheng Father Himself".
"There is something wrong with Shu". The Shang army chased from Panlong City, Wuhan, to Wuyang in the middle reaches of the MinJiang River (around the towns of Muma and Wuyang in present-day Pengshan District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province, and Huanglongxi Town in Tianfu New District, Chengdu), and entered the ambush circle set up by the ancient Shu army, caught off guard.
Shang Tang heard the news and issued an order to "cut down the Min Mountains" of "Zheng Shu".
The Bamboo Book Chronicle records that Xia Jie "cut down the Min Mountain" and called it "Min Shan Dao". During the Qin Dynasty, Li Bing guarded Shu, the Tang River made a ditch, and with the strength of The Dragon Creek and Niangzi Ridge, he opened the Longxi and Niangzi Ridges, and the mountain road leading to Ran Kui, also known as the "Ran Que Mountain Road", that is, the "Songmao Ancient Road" known to posterity.
Where is "Nest Mountain"?
There are hundreds of poems that have been remembered by Du Yu for generations.
Li Bai, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, etc., have all felt nostalgic.
He once served as a counselor of the Chengdu Government, and Lu You spent 7 years in Chengdu, often chanting poems, fishing, and playing chess in "Chaoshan Mountain"... Wrote the Jiannan Poetry Manuscript and the Tianpeng Peony Spectrum.
In the Jiannan Poetry Manuscript, there are 5 poems about Chaoshan, namely 2 poems of "Chaoshan" and 3 poems of "Mountain Residence".
The poem "Chaoshan Mountain" says: "Chaoshan avoids the world and hides in the clouds." ”
The poem "Mountain Residence" says: "Du Yu knows each other best in his life, and he has left me a strange piece of Chao Mountain." ”
The "Chao Mountain" of Lu You Yin Yong is not the Chao Mountain of Hefei Chao County.
In the "Tianpeng Peony Spectrum", Lu You opens with the following words: "Peony, in Zhongzhou, Luoyang is the first; in Shu, Tianpeng is the first." "Luo Hua saw it in Ouyang Gong, and Tianpeng often had it." The rare varieties recorded by Ouyang Xiu are not unusual, and they are all available in Pengzhou, Chengdu.
Chengdu officials have a mountain residence in the Valley of the Xiangjiang River in Pengzhou.
"Repentance for eastern Wu Wanli Return". Lu You firmly believes that he is "a former Shu person", calls Chengdu "Wu Shu", and hopes to grow old and sleep in Chengdu. Taking Du Yu as an example, he also built a "mountain residence" in the "Haiwozi" of the Xiangjiang River Valley, expecting to live a "hermit" life.
The Xiangjiang River in the area from Pengzhou to Guanghan, the place where "chengtang is put in the south nest", is very close to Sanxingdui.
The "Nanchao" and "Xia remnants" recorded in the literature migrated to the settlement of the Chengdu Plain.
The adjacent area of the Xia Dynasty "Nantu". "Southern Soil" refers to the area around present-day Nanyang, Jianghan Plain, and Northwest Hubei. According to incomplete statistics, 8 Xia cultural sites have been found in Nanyang, and 15 Xia cultural sites have been found in northwest Hubei and Jianghan Plains...
A large number of turquoise stones excavated from the Erlitou site are from Shiyan and Xiangyang.
Place names also shifted with the migration of people.
The "Xia clan remnants" who followed the migration of Xia Jie also brought in some mountain names from the Central Plains.
In the "Chronicle of History", Minshan is known as Wenshan. There is also Wenshan Near Luoyang.
The Luo River in Luoyang, called Luoshui in ancient times, the Duck River next to Sanxingdui, the ancient name is Luoshui.
Guanghan has always had the name of "Luocheng".
The character "Luo" in the Sanxingdui area has been recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
The "Luocheng" recorded in Chinese already existed during the Western Han Dynasty.
Luo shui, also known as luo shui. The Book of Han says in the Guanghan County LuoXian Article: "Zhangshan, out of the Luoshui River, south to the Xindu Valley into the water." There are workers. Mang Yue Wu Luo. "Luoshui, that is, the present-day Shiting River, together with the Xiangjiang River and Mianshui, is one of the three main sources of the Tuojiang River.
The original Luoshui should run from Luofu Mountain along Longquan Mountain and all the way to Leshan. "Le" is also pronounced "luo" in Sichuan dialect, and there are many place names with "luo" sounds along the way, Luojiang and Luocheng. Luoshui was diverted to the Fu River because of the great flood, or the Great Yu Zhishui, "East Bei is Tuo".
The Xiangjiang River, now known as the Qingbai River, is the Duck River that flows through the ruins of Sanxingdui today, and was called the Yanjiang River in ancient times. The words Yi and Yan are pronounced in ancient times, and the adjacent buttons are turned to each other, and the sounds are similar. The Yishui in the Chinese should be regarded as the ancient name of the Duck River next to the ruins of present-day Sanxingdui.
Around 1100 BC, the Chengdu Plain intermittently ushered in a batch of distant "relatives" and "wanderers", some from the Qishan Road and the ancient Chen Cang Road to the south, and some against the Yangtze River, north through the Jialing River, and the "Xia Clan Remnants" during the reign of Xia Jie.
Same origin. Ancient memories of a common ancestor.
The ancient Shu civilization stepped out of the Chengdu Plain. The "North Drift Army" led by Dayu, with a yearning for a distant place, left his hometown and settled in the Heluo area with the Yellow River more than 4,000 years ago, over the vast MinShan and Longmen Mountains, along the rushing Minjiang River Valley, and settled in the Heluo area with the Yellow River.
The Dayu lineage is in the same vein as the ancient Shu people.
The Shang destroyed Xia and directly destroyed all the temples, tombs, palaces, and archives that sang praises and praises for the Xia Dynasty. Conquer the royal city, destroy everything, and leave no grass behind. The code of conduct of that era. The noblewoman of the Tao Temple site was tortured to death by the Shi'an people who inserted their horns into their lower body.
The "Remnants of the Xia Clan" of the former dynasty were naturally expelled and exiled.
Sanxingdui Bronze Statue (Courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
Bring back the political heritage of the Central Plains advanced civilization
The remaining forces of the Xia Dynasty, except for those who remained in the Central Plains, split into three branches.
One, it fled to the desert in the north, merged with the local tribes, and finally became a Xiongnu nation that threatened the Central Plains Dynasty for nearly 2,000 years. Because of his mixed race with the northern ethnic groups, he is increasingly isolated from the Central Plains ethnic groups and lives a nomadic life, and has always been regarded as a foreign race and regarded as a mortal enemy.
They lived in the area around Hetao and were known as the Southern Huns.
Staying in mobei (also known as Lingbei), he was called the Northern Xiongnu. Present-day Russia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan and other countries.
Sima Qian sympathized with this remnant of the Xia clan and examined that the Xiongnu were a branch of the Xia Hou clan. Encountering the wise and divine Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the main force of the Xiongnu was completely crippled, disappeared in the north, became the source of the Mongols, and came back after a thousand years to fight on the Danube River in Europe.
One, the Xia Hou clan that was recruited to an, accepted the Shang Tang canonization, and the territory was in Qi. Shang Tang needed this banner to continue to worship the ancestor King Dayu and appease the world as a sign of Taoism.
One, neither going to the north nor staying in the central plains.
Continue to the south, follow Xia Jie, exile to the Chengdu Plain, and be a remnant, you must also maintain the posture of the Xia clan and do not eat shang millet.
The news that Xia Jie had arrived at the "South Nest" did not shy away.
Some ethnic groups, along the Yangtze River Basin all the way to the west, all the way, all the way scattered.
After years of arduous trekking, it took all kinds of difficulties to reach the Chengdu Plain.
"Luocheng" from "Luoyang". When Xia Jie moved from Luoyang to his hometown of "Chaoshan Mountain" in the Xiangjiang River Valley, he saw that the topography of the Sanxingdui area was surprisingly similar to that of Erlitou, so he did not hesitate to build a palace here.
The capital of the "Shu Dynasty of Vietnam" is called "Luo Cheng", and the ancient pronunciation of the luo character is also quite similar to "Luo".
The "Xia Clan Remnants" brought seeds and farming techniques in the spirit of reclamation.
The manual technology of the Central Plains, especially the smelting and casting technology of bronze.
It also brought back a large number of historical records, scientific and technological documents...
According to the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" and other documents, Xia Jie reigned for 51 years, with Shu Yu as the capital for 31 years, and "exiled to Nanchao" for 20 years. According to the interpretation of the oracle bone, Xia Jie lived longer in the "South Nest" of the Xiangjiang River Valley...
The ancient Shu kingdom of Dingdu Sanxingdui entered its heyday.
The rich and stable Chengdu Plain attracts the "Xia clan remnants" who are constantly moving south.
It is equivalent to an "overseas wanderer", returning to the "hometown" exhausted after a thousand years of wandering. During the reign of Xia Jie, the "Xia Clan Remnants", a group of Xia Dynasty remnants who had already integrated the life genes of various ethnic groups in the Central Plains and followed the migration of Xia Jie, brought back the political heritage and advanced civilization of the Central Plains.
There is no written record, mainly because of the long time, the Xia Dynasty script has become a heavenly book, and no one can understand it.
There are words and symbols in the Erlitou culture, collectively known as characters. Pottery characters have been found in a series of sites in Henan, and the basic glyphs are not less than 64. There is a similarity between the Erlitou culture bone carving character and the pottery carving character, which belongs to the same system of characters.
Sanxingdui jade concave blade chisel (courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
The ancient Shu kingdom in its hometown welcomed it.
The "Xia Clan Remnants" of the descendants of the "North Drift Army" brought back the mysterious and pious sacrifice ceremony of the Central Plains people, and forged a void and mysterious power for the ancient Shu Kingdom with bronze, which was accepted by the "Sanxingdui People" reverently.
Let the "Xia Clan Remnant" act as the shaman of the ancient Shu Kingdom and replace the native wizard.
In the sacrificial pit, the number of "braided hair" bronze statues far exceeds that of the "braided hair" bronze statues.
The number and the sharing of power have little to do with it.
Of the bronze figures, 4 wear gold masks, representing the signing of an agreement between the two classes.
In the Bronze Age, bronze was precious, and gold was even more precious. 4 bronze figures represent the supreme power of the ancient Shu state. Two combs "braided hair" and two combs "braided hair", just the same number. The makers are deliberately maintaining a balance of two forces.
On an unearthed golden staff, a mysterious picture is engraved: four feathered arrows shoot through two human heads in parallel, the arrows penetrate the heads of two fish, and the tail of the arrow is two birds with wings outstretched. The two human heads represent the two classes of combing "braided hair" and combing "braided hair".
Fish and birds, each totem.
Feather arrow, equivalent to oath.
The contract engraved by "braided hair" and "braided hair" represents a solemn and solemn oath.
The priest also threw the "three golds" into the pit and burned them
A parting "fire sacrifice".
Grand, generous and desolate, helpless.
A large number of smashed sacrificial vessels and silk burned, and the "burning sacrifice" and "fistula" recorded in the literature were "buried". The "Sanxingdui people" believe that to sacrifice ancestors, it is necessary to burn the sacrificial offerings so that the gods can enjoy them, and only by breaking the sacrifices and burying them in the ground can they sincerely offer them to the ancestors.
Since the time of the YuJiao King, from the royal family to the common people, the sacrificial pattern of burning sacrifice has gradually formed. The things or utensils of the ancestors are burned to the ancestors, buried in a centralized manner, and high-standard sacrifices are performed. Smoke that floats into the sky can be smelled by the gods, and sacrifices buried in the ground can be touched by the gods underground. To this day, when the urban and rural areas of the Chengdu Plain pay homage to the deceased, they also use the method of burning to inherit the "burning sacrifice" of the years.
During the sacrifice, in order to show the majesty of the god king and create a solemn atmosphere, a large number of ivory is used as the main sacrifice.
As the level of bronze gradually increased, large tooth zhangs and bronze sacrifices slowly replaced ivory as the main sacrifice.
National events are sacrificed, and the ancient Shu kingdom is rich in products, "not bad money".
The scene is "extravagant".
Before leaving, the main artifacts and sacrificial artifacts placed in the shrine were moved to the square in front of Sanxingdui, and the final and largest festivals were held against the ancestors of the gods in the northwest sacred mountain. Priests wearing "three golds" presided over the sacrifice and ordered people to throw grain into the pit, cover them with jade and money shells, and throw torches to burn. When the flames in the pit are extinguished, various bronzes symbolizing kingship enter the conveyor process, and the method of transportation is "falling".
Falling, similar to incineration. Bronzes are not easy to burn, and the bronzes are destroyed, fully expressing the attitude of sacrifice. Textiles were also sacrificed, various textiles were draped over bronze vessels, and the burning ceremony was held again. During the burning process, the priests danced hand in hand to communicate with the gods of all sides to ensure that the process went smoothly.
It is buried in an orderly manner in a sacrificial pit dug uniformly, indicating that it is sent to the heavens and the divine realm.
At the same time, the ivory that had been removed from the vault was thrown into the fire.
Ivory, the reserve material of the national treasury. In the vault, there are rich shells, gold, bronze, ivory.
"Three golds", the "standard" of the priests.
Priests, translators of man's dialogue with God, who could hear God's word and translate what God said to man, and who could translate man's word to God, were second only to kings. The priest holds a golden cane in his left hand and a golden "sun wheel" in his right hand, with a gold mask on his face.
The Golden "Sun Wheel", the highest level of sacrifice in the ancient Shu Kingdom, consists of the sun and 4 firebirds. The bird is closest to the sun, is the liaison between the sun and people, fire flying into the air to gather together to form a god, 4 firebirds represent the southeast, northwest and four directions of the sky.
The staff is wrapped in gold and shining, and it is engraved with three groups of patterns: birds, fish, and people. Birds, the sky; fish, underground; man, man. The priests went up to heaven, down to earth, and to earth in the middle. In the ancient Shu kingdom, the king was responsible for administration and the priest was responsible for communication.
Gold belonged to the gods and was worn by priests, and bronze belonged to kings. The golden sun wheel, representing the sleeping sun in the night, rules the spirit of the people; the bronze sun wheel, representing the sun that shines on the earth during the day, rules the flesh of the people.
The bronze sun wheel takes "five stars" as the basic design pattern and is cast domineeringly.
The big pit was dug well and smelled of dirt.
The subjects who came would take out all kinds of jade from their arms, some carrying them with them, some bringing them from home, and throwing the jade into the bottom of the pit first, bringing a heart for the ancestors. First, the nobles offered jade to the bottom of the pit, and then the commoners threw shell coins into the pit. There is no jade, only some money to bring to the ancestors.
After everyone has finished throwing the jade and the money shell, the first round of the sacrifice activity begins.
Wait until the flames are extinguished and the sacrifice to the ancestors is completed.
Finally, the priest threw his "three golds" into the pit and made the crowd backfill the cover...
Bring weapons and daily necessities and gradually transfer to the "vice capital".
Most people moved to Sands City and began the reign of the enlightened kings who were dominated by the "Twelve Bridges Culture".
A small number of people remain in Sanxingdui and have been guarding their homes.
The grand ceremony is gone, the bronze man is gone, the gold and jade are missing...
Leave a desolate place.
Similar sacrificial pits, more than 8 before and after.
The size of the pit mouth varies, and the number of sacrifices varies.
A unique phenomenon of sacrifice. A bit like the handover ceremony, when a new king ascends the throne or a new dynasty is born, the things of the previous dynasty will be invited out of the zongmiao temple or the main temple and buried in the pit; then, they will build another set and continue to put it into the zongmiao temple.
And so on, one generation, two generations, three generations, four generations...
Even the "separation" of "braided hair" and "braided hair" is the same.
Broken by water. In front of Sanxingdui, there are also Xinjin Baodun City, Pidu Ancient City, Dujiangyan Mangcheng, Wenjiang Yujiao City, etc., these 5 ancient cities are in the core area of the Chengdu Plain, the same in the middle reaches of the Minjiang River, distributed along the river, the average distance is not more than 30 kilometers.
The "first dark period" in the history of the development of the world's ancient civilizations.
Destroyed. The ancient civilizations of the Two Rivers Basin, the Nile River Basin, the Indus Valley Civilization, and the European Andes River, represented by the Euphrates River and Tigris River in West Asia, were almost all about 4300 years ago, and there was a synchronous interruption and decline.
The first round of magnificent and brilliant chapters of human civilization.
Abruptly stopped. The magnificent ancient city disappears.
Get the wrong end of the stick. In 1260 BC, the Sanxingdui civilization was destroyed. In the Bamboo Book Chronicle, it is called "Yigan Qi", and in the "Zuo Zhuan" it is called "Houyi Dynasty Xia". The place where the myth "Houyi Shooting Sun" took place was "transferred" from Heluo to the Chengdu Plain.
The rise of the Sands civilization. In the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", it is called "Xia Qi killing benefits", and in the "Left Biography", it is called "hou zhu restoring the country", which is even more "black and white confusion", which will take Xia Qi's succession to the throne and restore the country less, "through the millennium" to the Spring and Autumn period...
Maintain social stability and enhance social cohesion.
Handicraft production served religious beliefs, and the ruling class used social wealth for sacrificial activities.
After the farewell ceremony, "braided hair" and "braided hair" embarked on a journey separately.
In the process of migration, the "braided hair" ethnic group moved to Jinsha, Chengdu, the "Zhenfa" ethnic group moved to Baoji, Shaanxi, and the "Beipiao Army" that "surrendered" to The Great Yu Zhishui, and the bai irrigation remnants who had settled in Tianshui, Gansu, were the Zhou people.
Some excavated cultural relics from Baoji confirm the close relationship with the ancient Shu kingdom.
Sanxingdui Copper Bird (Courtesy of Sanxingdui Museum)
Built a country comparable to Sanxingdui
The "braided hair" ethnic group that moved to Jinsha pioneered and innovated, and worked hard to be strong.
Like Father and Son, they are in the same vein.
"Twelve Bridges Culture", following the "Sanxingdui Culture", is another peak in the history of the development of ancient Shu civilization.
Baodun, Sanxingdui, Jinshacheng, the trilogy of ancient Shu civilization.
Seamless. Sanxingdui was flooded and the political center shifted to Sands City.
Change of dynasty. "Vice capital" became "capital".
The distance is only more than 40 kilometers. In the process of moving the capital, the balance of joint governance was broken, and the "braided hair" ethnic group replaced the "braided hair" ethnic group, and the family was dominant. In the Jinsha site, the bronze figure with "braided hair" is missing, and only the bronze statue of "braided hair" remains.
Truth. On a gold belt unearthed, there are also human heads, fish, birds, and feathers and arrows. The difference is that the head pattern has changed from two to one. Between the two powers, one disappeared and declined, and the other became the true ruler of the ancient Shu state.
The holders of the royal power continued to hold the royal power of the ancient Shu kingdom and also obtained the divine power.
Unearthed a small bronze figure with a braid like the bronze statue unearthed from Sanxingdui and a short staff inserted around his waist. The head wears a high crown symbolizing the sun, but the hand is infinitely exaggerated on the chest like a bronze dalit, and there is a faint shadow of the bronze statue of "Zhenfa".
In the battle between theocracy and kingship, "braided hair" wins.
The "braided hair" group moved to Jinsha, and the "braided hair" group moved to Baoji, Shaanxi.
Abandon the "old capital" Sanxingdui and come to the "new capital" Sands City.
Eventually becoming the sole master of the secular and spiritual worlds of the ancient Shu kingdom, Jinsha City was rebuilt into a kingdom comparable to Sanxingdui; the "Zhenfa" ethnic group in southern Shaanxi, with a lot of fate, must regain the trust of cultivated land, rivers, bronze, and even the powerful Zhou Dynasty in a foreign country. He met the Ba people who had already arrived first, had participated in the wu king's cutting, and then mysteriously disappeared.
The origin of the Ba people was in the Three Gorges region, and the Shang Dynasty expanded in all directions in the early days.
Head north to Baoji, west to the Chengdu Plain.
The Ba people, who migrated northward, crossed over to the Chenggu and Yangxian areas in southern Shaanxi.
Defeated by the Yin Shang army, it was divided into two branches.
One, along the jialing river, into the Yangtze River basin, with the Three Gorges westward Ba people, into the Chengdu Plain, branches and leaves, jointly build Sanxingdui, Jinsha City. One, along the Jialing River, went north to Fengxian to live temporarily, gradually developed and grew, and then crossed the Qinling Mountains and settled in the Qingjiang River Valley south of Weishui. The route of migration is the same as that of the old road (Zhou Dao, Chen Cang Road).
On the banks of the Weishui River, this group of tenacious "Sanxingdui people" established the "Bowfish Nation".
A "homeland" living in the past.
There is a kingdom of infinite remembrance and remembrance of Sanxingdui.
The atypical and incomplete continuation of the bowfish culture, the "Sanxingdui culture".
Du Yu has entered the era of agriculture, and enlightened has become a powerful country with thousands of miles of land.
Boom and bustle. The Enlightened King has held two major sacrifices.
The first one. Held at today's Sanxingdui site, the sacrifice of the dead is held, leaving one of the no. 1 and No. 2 sacrifice pits. The enlightenment referred to in the Book of the King of Shu is derived from the inheritance of the Sanxingdui Dynasty, which is called the "Sun Family".
The second session. The capital was officially moved to Jinsha City, west of Chengdu City, and the real change of dynasty, the "vice capital" became the "capital", further establishing the status of the enlightened king as "unifying the world", holding a grand sacrifice ceremony, leaving another of the No. 1 and No. 2 sacrifice pits.
"The achievements of Fu Yu, the summer with the heavens, do not lose the old things."
Two grand ritual sacrifices, the "Left Transmission" left 12 words.