Du Fu's "Spring Remembrance of Li Bai" has a comment that "fresh Yu Kaifu, Junyi Bao joined the army." Such a sentence, on the surface, praises Li Taibai, but it also really praises Bao Zhao, which shows that Bao Zhao's poetry and literature level at that time was also quite high.
Decades of wandering, swimming between the landscape and nature, feeling the natural emotions outside the officialdom, coupled with a long period of unhappiness, his strong and profitable heart has gradually calmed down, and began to send emotions to the natural landscape, lyrically with poetry, and send affection to the scenery.
Bao Zhao's poems were longer than Lefu, and his proficiency in writing seven words played a very important role in the development of Tang Dynasty poetry, and Bao Zhao's landscape poems also had a certain guiding force for the literary circles at that time. However, because of his life situation and the difficult road of poverty and seeking a career, his poems are more or less mixed with the meaning of seeking a career.
As the old saying goes: "Poetry is based on affection", poetry is the concrete embodiment of thoughts and feelings, and thoughts and feelings are often inseparable from their life circumstances.
First, Bao Zhao's life
Bao Zhao, also spelled Mingyuan, was a native of Donghai (present-day North of Yucheng, Shandong), whose adolescence can be roughly inferred from the poem "From Bailing Dengjing clam"
He lived in Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, and was a Southern Dynasty Song dynasty writer who lived around 414-466. At this time, the social aristocratic system was prevalent and turbulent, but his poetry achievements were high, and posterity called it Yuan Jiasan together with Xie Lingyun and Yan Yanzhi.
Bao Zhao was born in a humble and poor background, and was conceited to learn, but during the Liu Song Period, when the concept of mendi was serious, he was very discriminated against, depressed, and had the responsibility of supporting his family, so he made many efforts in seeking a career, and presented poems to Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan at that time, to enter his shogunate as his state attendant, and also served as a county order, and also participated in Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, a staff member of Liu Mao, the king of Sixing, and finally served as the former army of Liu Ziyan, the king of Linhai, so it was called "Bao Join the Army" in later generations.
Bao Zhao spent more than twenty years in the eunuch sea, and it is clear that during this period, wandering and struggling for a living became the main emotional motivation for his poetry. Experiencing the storms of the official scene and not being able to do it, observing the social changes and not knowing what to do, and his social position at that time and the "talent and talent in his heart, so he was annihilated by the contemporary" was not very expressively indignant, and he was stimulated by his creative style of "singing and screaming, and operating in a dangerous and urgent manner", and expressed the depression in his heart with a not soft tone, which was contrary to the trend of poetry creation popular in society at that time.
In the second year of emperor Tai's reign (466), Liu Zixun, the prince of Jiangzhou, was proclaimed emperor, and Liu Zixun raised an army to respond, after which Liu Ziyan was defeated and given death, and at the age of 55, Bao Zhao was also killed by the rebels, ending his life of wandering and doing nothing because of the exile of the officials, and now there is "Bao Zhanjun Collection" passed down.
Second, in the early stage, actively enter the army, tribute poetry to plot
Bao Zhao's Table of Xie Brown Xie Waiters: The courtiers and orphans are born cheaply, have no traces of, perch on the grass, and are not as fond of officials. Such a sincere and fearful word of modesty can be seen that Bao Zhao himself has an inferiority complex that is difficult to avoid because of his poor birth.
Due to his family's poverty, Bao Zhao studied late, but this did not have a great impact on him. Bao Zhao is talented and intelligent, and he is quite successful even if he reads late. Leaving aside the inferiority of him from the poor people of the Shu ethnic group, Bao Zhao has a heroic unruliness that belongs exclusively to teenagers, and the untamed wildness is revealed between the syntax of the article.
Bao Zhao gave Liu Yiqing gong a poem: "How can the eldest husband have wisdom, so that Lan Ai cannot distinguish, and spend all day working with the birds and birds?" "Paint his youthful and proud appearance." He regarded himself as high in talent and strong in his heart, and had vigorously praised the merits of Emperor Wen of Song and Emperor Xiaowu, and wrote several "Zhongxing Songs" to offer Him, but the effect was far from his original intention, and his career was not smooth, in addition to the position of Waiter, he also roughly served as Lang Zhongling, which was obviously not reused.
At this time, Bao Zhao, who was young and vigorous, and wanted to make quick gains, naturally could not fix his breath, and felt that Gong Shi had a very shallow return, and the psychology was naturally not a taste, so "Huan Du Dao Zhong" and "Xingjingkou to Takeri" always revealed the homesickness of the wanderer, even if he was pregnant with his parents and wife, privately believed that this was also Bao Zhao's desire to express his dissatisfaction through the common wandering feelings.
In the poem "Shang Xun Yang Huan Du Dao", "Whoever makes the lack of ancient festivals worries about this country." In the middle, Bao Zhao's dissatisfaction further deepened, expressing regret that he had easily entered the career path because he did not keep the discipline of the ancients, and Shun further expressed his inner unhappiness and expressed his anger towards the upper rulers.
However, Bao Zhao, who was young and vigorous at that time, did not have a direct emotional outburst, but stabilized his emotions, and in the case of continuous setbacks in his career, there was no strong criticism, only a euphemism. This is a rare point, of course, this may be closely related to his social background at that time and the responsibilities he has to bear to support the family, he knows that if he expresses his indomitable emotions bluntly, he will face a catastrophe.
Therefore, after a short complaint, he once again paid tribute to the noble scholar of the time to seek a position, which can also explain the meaning of his "Moth Endowment": "The moth waits for the light, goes to the bright light of the Xi Flame, learns the Wen Leopard of Shannan, avoids the clouds and fog and hides the rock." The contempt for Lao Zhuang's thought of inaction shows the origin of his "how can a big husband have wisdom".
Third, in the later stage, it is indifferent and natural
After Bao Zhao experienced the low tide of the officialdom in the early stage, although Yousheng retired from the mood of writing a large number of landscape poems and Lefu poems to express the depression in his heart and the relief of self-expression in the natural beauty of the landscape, but with his later feelings of indifferent and positive in the meaning of nature, it gradually faded, and the burden of life and the low social status began to torment Bao Zhao, who did not really want to be a master, and the vision of wanting to continue to seek shi became solid again, and the journey of tribute poetry began again, the poem "From the Old Palace" and "See the Jade Seller" Waiting for it, he could not wait to put forward the intention of seeking officials to join the army.
And in the face of the heavy responsibility of the family and the indelible idea of seeking officials in his own heart at that time, he firmly believed that the future of the strategy would be successful, and Bao Zhao was full of hope for his future career prospects.
Although Bao Zhao was still only holding a low-ranking Jiupin official position in the later period, but at this time he had already experienced the ups and downs of life, he had been able to stabilize his mentality, depression and resentment had long been indifferent, in this period, Bao Zhao in addition to describing the natural poetry of the landscape to pin emotions and use this to express his desire to still have to seek shi, he began to go to the Seven Words Poetry, Lefu Poetry This type of poetry that can express self-emotion develops, surpassing the elegance of the "wrong color gold" scholar represented by Yan Yanzhi.
He wrote a "Kuah Mountain Erwen" summed up his experience as an official, saying, "How much do you know about the old materials, how much is not as good as the market value?" This sentence can fully reflect his dissatisfaction and inferiority to the non-aristocratic class he was in at that time, that is, what we call the Shu people, but when you read it again, it can be seen more clearly that this poem is still indispensable to Bao Zhao's late search for official positions and flattery to the upper ruling class.
After Emperor Wu of Han reinstated him, the official position he obtained was still the same as in the previous period, and the minor officials of the Eight or Nine Pins were obviously unable to allow Bao Zhao to expand his talents, and some of the poems written during the four years of the later Jingzhou officialdom, such as "Denghuang Heji Poem", "Denglu mountain poem", "Poem from Dengxiang Furnace Peak", etc., gradually showed the meaning of sadness.
What should have been a magnificent description of a great beauty to express his love for the scenery has already been covered with some faint homesickness, as well as the grief that he has never met, so that people can feel his full heart and nowhere to tell. In addition to the unhappiness of the official and the sad feeling of running for food and clothing, his own physical condition was also very bad and frail, which made him feel a sense of imminent trouble as his circumstances changed and he grew older.
Although there was even more beauty and longing in front of him, he could only feel the feeling of aging like jin hui falling, and gradually became discouraged in the drifting loneliness, so the world had no attraction for Bao Zhao. Bao Zhao died in the rebellion in the later period, and the Lefu poetry landscape poems left his feelings in vain, and a generation of literary talents fell in such a hateful way.
4. Summary
Bao Zhao's life can be described as extremely tragic, and the humble origin coupled with the unhappiness of his lifelong career has caused his poetry creation to have a sense of lyricism and strategy, which is inevitable that most of his works are used for lyricism and tribute poetry. The continuous drifting of his career, the sense of bondage and unyielding have also become the lyrical reasons for his poetry creation.
Poetry describes his own encounters, expresses inner emotions, unique lyrical techniques and Bao Zhao's own high literary connotation, so that the creation of landscape poetry and Lefu poetry has played a powerful role in promoting the development of ancient Chinese poetry with its unique high attainments, and his poetry creation has also been passed down through the centuries and praised by future generations.