At present, the fuel used in the internal combustion engine is mainly divided into two kinds, that is, gasoline and diesel, some models in order to meet the needs of different consumers, but also specially provide two different versions of the gasoline version and the diesel version, in the early years also heard a refueler mistakenly added gasoline into the diesel version of the Bentley Bentayga fuel tank news, so what is the difference between gasoline and diesel? What should diesel vehicles pay attention to in low temperature environments? Today Uncle Che will talk to you, and everyone remembers to like the collection in case of emergency.
First, let's talk about the difference between gasoline cars and diesel cars. Both gasoline engines and diesel engines belong to internal combustion engines, and both convert the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy for the reciprocating motion of the piston (the rotor engine does not have a piston, but the principle is the same), so the working principle of the two is roughly the same. However, the physical characteristics of gasoline and diesel are different, so the ignition methods of the two are also different, thus showing different thermal efficiency, economy and so on.
Gasoline engine, when the oil and gas mixture into the cylinder, in the compression stroke near the end of the ignition by the spark plug ignition, so the gasoline engine has a set of ignition system to control the spark plug, in order to ensure the normal operation of the gasoline engine, you must accurately control the spark plug discharge time and energy size. In addition, because the ignition point of gasoline is low, the compression ratio cannot be too high, so as to avoid spontaneous combustion of oil and gas mixtures, resulting in lower thermal efficiency and economy of gasoline engines than diesel engines. Since the gasoline engine can be widely used, it must also have its own advantages, that is, small size, light weight, low price, and more importantly, when the speed is relatively high, the vibration and noise are smaller, so it is generally carried to the family car.
The biggest difference between diesel engines and gasoline engines is the ignition method, diesel engines need to increase the air temperature through compressed air, so that the air temperature exceeds the ignition point of diesel, and then inject diesel and air mixture gas and complete spontaneous combustion. Since the diesel engine does not have an ignition system such as a spark plug, the structure is relatively simple and the reliability is higher than that of the gasoline engine. At the same time, because the compression ratio of the diesel engine is higher, the thermal efficiency and economy are better than the internal combustion engine, and at the same power, the torque of the diesel engine is greater, which is more suitable for trucks.
Both have advantages and disadvantages, but in the winter low temperature environment, the gasoline engine is much more convenient, only need to fire a little hot car can be used normally, there are not too many restrictions, but the diesel engine is not the same. When the diesel reaches the cold filter point (under the specified test conditions, the liquid can not pass through the maximum temperature of a certain specification of the filter at a specified flow rate, called the cold filter point), the fluidity of the diesel will be greatly reduced, and even can not meet the requirements of the use of the vehicle, in general, the cold filter point of the diesel is 5-6 ° C higher than the freezing point. (Freezing point: Under test conditions, the highest temperature at which petroleum products are cooled to the liquid level without moving is called the freezing point.) ）
In fact, the label of diesel is divided according to the freezing point, which is 10#, 0#, -10#, -20#, -35#, -50#. 10# diesel is suitable for diesel engines with preheating equipment; 0# diesel is suitable for areas with a minimum temperature of more than 4 °C; -10# diesel is suitable for areas with a minimum temperature of more than -5 °C; -20# diesel is suitable for areas with a minimum temperature of more than -14 °C; -35# diesel is suitable for areas with a minimum temperature of more than -29 °C; -50# diesel is suitable for areas with a minimum temperature of more than -44 °C.
The more antifreeze diesel is, the higher its price, and the driver of the big truck will definitely take precautions before shipping the goods, check the weather along the road and destination in advance, and refuel the right diesel. However, the weather forecast also has inaccurate times, in case some drivers will add anticoagulants to the fuel tank, but it is only used by cars with large fuel tanks, after all, the price of anticoagulants is not cheap, and it is more cost-effective to add negative label diesel to cars with small volume fuel tanks. In addition, it should be noted that when adding anticoagulants, it is necessary to ensure that the diesel fuel is still in a liquid state, and if it has been frozen and then use the anticoagulant, it will not play an anticoagulant effect.
With the gradual progress of the automobile industry, car companies have also come up with more convenient methods, such as equipped with a double-cavity fuel tank, a small volume fuel tank plus negative diesel, and another large volume fuel tank with zero diesel, first use negative diesel to start the vehicle, the generator is powered in time and provides power for the electric heating rod, so that the diesel in the large volume tank is melted, and then the diesel in the large volume tank is used for driving.
In the normal use of the car process, some of the truck drivers in order to covet some small cheap, unwilling to add negative label diesel, nor willing to buy anticoagulants, the result in a break in the service area after a while found that the diesel frozen, then what to do? Bake over an open flame! Although it is true that diesel fuel cannot be directly ignited with an open flame, it is also very dangerous, because cases of vehicle combustion caused by "open flames to warm the car" abound. Here Uncle Che wants to say that even if you want to save money, don't joke about life safety.
Uncle Che summed up
Ordinary consumers can choose gasoline cars or diesel vehicles according to their own needs, preferences and the environment in the area, but long-distance freight drivers can only drive diesel vehicles, the uncle is still that sentence, do not try to save money, if the vehicle is not equipped with a double-cavity fuel tank, then it is best to add the corresponding negative label diesel according to the temperature, and prepare some anticoagulants to emergency, so as to make the trip worry-free.