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The "14th Five-Year Plan" comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction (hereinafter referred to as the "Work Plan") recently issued by the State Council proposes that by 2025, the energy consumption per unit of GDP in the country will be reduced by 13.5% compared with 2020, the total energy consumption will be reasonably controlled, and the total emissions of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds will be reduced by 8%, 8%, 10% or more and more than 10% respectively compared with 2020. The policy mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction is more sound, the energy utilization efficiency and the level of control of major pollutant emissions in key industries have basically reached the international advanced level, and the green transformation of economic and social development has achieved remarkable results。
Accelerate the construction of green data centers
The "Work Plan" clearly states that we will promote the improvement of energy efficiency of new infrastructure and accelerate the construction of green data centers. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the energy consumption of industrial units above designated size fell by 13.5%, and the water consumption of industrial added value of 10,000 yuan fell by 16%. By 2025, through the implementation of energy-saving and carbon-reduction actions, the proportion of production capacity and data centers in key industries such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass, oil refining, ethylene, synthetic ammonia, and calcium carbide will reach the benchmark level of energy efficiency by more than 30%.
According to data analysis by the International Energy Agency and other organizations, the current average annual carbon emissions in the world are about 33 billion tons, of which the total carbon emissions of the information and communication industry are about 1.4 billion tons, accounting for 4.2% of the global total. The data center is the "big energy consumer" in the information and communication industry. IDC (Internet Data Center) expects that by 2024, data center power consumption will account for more than 5% of the total social power consumption.
CCID research and analysis said that the traditional data center represented by "air cooling" technology, about 43% of its energy consumption is used for heat dissipation of IT equipment. Reducing the energy consumption of the cooling system is particularly critical. The use of liquid cooling technology has become a major weapon for data center energy conservation, and the National Development and Reform Commission and other ministries and commissions have also previously issued documents to encourage the construction of data centers in liquid cooling and other ways to reduce energy consumption.
Experts believe that in the process of promoting the construction of green data centers, in addition to technical investment and innovation, refined operation and maintenance is also an important driving force for greater energy saving. In addition, the data center needs safe power supply, on-demand cooling, and more scientific maintenance management, and should carry out energy saving under the premise of ensuring safe operation.
Take the lead in purchasing and using energy-saving and new energy vehicles
According to the Work Plan, in terms of energy efficiency improvement projects for public institutions, take the lead in eliminating old cars, take the lead in purchasing and using energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and new and existing parking lots should be equipped with electric vehicle charging facilities or reserved charging facilities installation conditions.
At the same time, we will promote the construction of green railways, green highways, green ports, green waterways, and green airports, and orderly promote the construction of infrastructure such as charging and replacing electricity, refueling (gas), hydrogenation, and shore power at ports and airports. Increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in urban buses, taxis, logistics, sanitation and cleaning vehicles. Fully implement the national six emission standards for automobiles and the national four emission standards for non-road mobile diesel machinery, and basically eliminate the emission standards for vehicles under china three and below.
The "Work Plan" makes it clear that by 2025, the sales volume of new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales of new cars, and the proportion of railway and waterway freight traffic will further increase.
The above targets are expected to be achieved three years ahead of schedule. "Judging from the experience of the S-shaped growth curve, global vehicle electrification has broken through the critical point and entered a period of steep growth. I estimate that China's new energy vehicle sales will continue to grow to 5 million units next year, which is still limited by the supply of batteries and chips and production capacity constraints. Ouyang Minggao, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice chairman of the China Electric Vehicle 100 Association, made an optimistic estimate at the 2021 annual media communication meeting of the 100 People's Association held at the end of last year.
Strictly and reasonably control the growth of coal consumption
The "Work Plan" proposes that based on the basic national conditions of coal-based, adhere to the principle of establishing first and then breaking, strictly and reasonably control the growth of coal consumption, grasp the clean and efficient utilization of coal, promote the "three reform linkages" of coal-saving and consumption-saving transformation, heat supply transformation and flexibility transformation of existing coal-fired power units, and continue to promote the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power units。
By 2025, non-fossil energy will account for about 20% of total energy consumption。 During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, coal consumption in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas and the Yangtze River Delta region fell by about 10% and 5% respectively, and coal consumption in the Fenwei Plain achieved negative growth.
The "Work Plan" also mentions that it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and assessment of the energy-saving review, environmental impact assessment approval procedures and the implementation of the results of the "two supremes" projects, and to accept the approval power for the adjustment of the approval capacity in accordance with laws and regulations. Strengthen work guidance for "two highs" projects with an annual comprehensive energy consumption of 50,000 tons of standard coal and above.
Liu Chunli of the New Strategic Research Institute of Energy Security of Zhongneng Media said that due to the high base in 2021, the growth rate of electricity consumption in 2022 may slow down, and the growth rate of coal consumption will decline accordingly. At present, the coal supply guarantee policy continues, and some substantial new production capacity is formed, the overall supply capacity of coal is significantly enhanced, and the supply is still guaranteed after the subsequent supply guarantee policy is withdrawn. In 2022, coal supply and demand tend to be balanced, coal will achieve value return, and the price center is expected to move down.
Support the listing financing and refinancing of eligible energy-saving and emission-reducing enterprises
The "Work Plan" requires that finances at all levels increase support for energy conservation and emission reduction, make overall arrangements for relevant special funds to support the construction of key energy conservation and emission reduction projects, and study and reward areas where the assessment result of energy conservation target responsibility evaluation is over-completion level。 Gradually regulate and eliminate inefficient fossil energy subsidies。 Expand the scope of support for the winter clean heating policy in the northern region of the central finance. Establish a mechanism for sharing local financial input at all levels for the operation and maintenance costs of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities. Expand the coverage of government green procurement.
At the same time, we will improve the green financial system, vigorously develop green credit, support energy conservation and emission reduction in key industries, make good use of carbon emission reduction support tools and support special refinancing for the clean and efficient use of coal, and strengthen environmental and social risk management. Encourage qualified areas to explore the establishment of green loan financial discounts, rewards, risk compensation, credit guarantees and other support policies. Accelerate the development of green bonds and support the listing financing and refinancing of eligible energy-saving and emission-reducing enterprises. Actively promote enterprises in high-risk environmental areas to apply for environmental pollution liability insurance.
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Guo Chenxi
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Issued: Pan Linqing