In 1911, after the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, Inner Mongolia began to rise. In order to seize this land, Russia and Japan fought many times in private, and after many confrontations, Japan gradually gained the upper hand in Inner Mongolia.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, part of southern Mongolia was occupied by the Japanese army, and a group headed by King De cooperated with the Japanese Empire to establish institutions such as the "Mongolian-Xinjiang United Autonomous Government" to administer parts of Inner Mongolia. Much of Inner Mongolia became a colony of Japanese imperialism. The Japanese invaders recruited a large number of Mongolian traitors and traitors, cobbled together puppet armies, and tried to completely separate Inner Mongolia from the territory of China.
However, to everyone's surprise, on April 23, 1947, Inner Mongolia actually established an Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government led by our Party. You must know that at this time in the War of Liberation, our Party was still in the stage of strategic defense, and its strength was far inferior to that of the Kuomintang. And this historic event is inseparable from the name of a person, who is the founding general - Ulanf.
Ulanf
Ulan fu was born on December 23, 1906, to a peasant family in Inner Mongolia, to a relatively wealthy family. Ulanf's childhood was spent in a large family of three generations, headed by his grandfather, with his father and brothers as the main laborers. Their ancestors began as authentic herders, and it was only in their generation that they gradually settled in the Tomo River. This also allows their people to not only graze their cattle, but also cultivate the land.
Ulanf was very sensible from an early age, and at the age of 6 began to help the family herd sheep and do odd jobs. After four years of private schooling at home, the 13-year-old Ulanf and his cousin were admitted to the Tumut Higher Primary School in 1919 with excellent results.
Ulanf when he was young
At that time, the "May Fourth" Movement had just ended, and it was precisely when the Chinese proletariat came to the political stage, and the domestic political atmosphere was very active. Guisui is a city rich in revolutionary traditions, so the students of this school have a high revolutionary enthusiasm, quite a taste of Tumut's "Little Peking University".
Although Ulan Fu is relatively young among his classmates, he is large, strong, good at homework, and honest, so he has a certain prestige among his classmates. In September 1920, the Guisui Students' Federation organized a student parade against tianjin businessman Shen Wenbing's use of Japanese capital to build a telephone bureau and a power plant in the Guisui Office, and in May 1923, the Suisui Students' Federation organized a large-scale boycott of Japanese goods. In both struggles, Ulanf was an activist, he was commissioned by Li Yuzhi to mobilize students in the school, and in the march he took the lead in chanting anti-imperialist patriotic slogans.
Ulanf not only learned a lot of cultural knowledge here, but also began to awaken his inner revolutionary consciousness.
The Ulanf family
In 1923, Ulan fu was admitted to the Mongolian-Tibetan School in Beiping (present-day Beijing). At that time, Beijing was the center of the revolution, and various progressive currents of thought collided with each other, opening a new door for Ulanf's thought.
Soon after Ulanfu enrolled in school, Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, and others came to the Beiping Mongolian-Tibetan School to conduct propaganda, and Ulanfu was given the opportunity to have a long talk with Li Dazhao. Soon, Ulanf joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and became the first young man in Inner Mongolia to join the proletarian revolution.
In 1925, Ulanf became a full-fledged party member and was sent to study at sun yat-sen university in Moscow, SOVIET Union in October of the same year.
Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow
The five years that Ulanf studied at sun yat-sen university in Moscow were exactly five years of great ups and downs in the domestic revolutionary movement, and countless important revolutionary events occurred. Although Ulanf was abroad, he always paid close attention to the revolutionary situation at home and wanted to return to China as soon as possible to participate in the revolutionary struggle.
In 1929, Ulanf's request to return to the revolution was granted. Dressed as a worker, Ulan fu rode a camel and mixed with the crowd of returned overseas Chinese on the road back to his homeland. On this road, he has gone through countless hardships, not only to evade the police interrogation, but also to deal with the interception of bandits. After a journey, Ulanf finally returned to his hometown.
Ulanf did not stay long in his hometown of Tumochuan, and soon set off for Baotou, where Ulanf organized peasant associations, mobilized the masses, spread the seeds of revolution, and withstood severe tests under the white terror.
Old photos of Inner Mongolia
Ulan Fu took care of each other and rescued Wang Ruofei
In September 1931, Wang Ruofei, then secretary of the Northwest Special Committee, worked as a fur merchant under the pseudonym Huang Jingzhai and not only stayed in the Tai'an Inn in Baotou. At this time, Ulan Fu and Wang Ruofei intersected, but he did not know that the Huang Jingzhai in front of him was the famous Wang Ruofei.
On the evening of November 21, 1931, Ulanfu met with Wang Ruofei, and Ulanfu handed over a copy of the "Letter to the Mongols of the Whole Banner" and a "Work Report" to Wang Ruofei for preservation, and prepared to send them to Ningxia the next day. But that night there was an accident. Because of the betrayal of Wang Ruofei by traitors within the party, he was arrested by the Kuomintang police in Room 3 of the Tai'an Inn.
Early the next morning, when Ulan Fu went to see off Wang Ruofei, he found that Wang Ruofei, who had assumed the pseudonym Huang Jingzhai, had been arrested. By this time, Ulanf had been targeted by the agents who had stayed at the inn. Ulan fu first pretended that he had come to find Boss Huang to get the big cigarette money, and then took advantage of the agent's inattention to swallow the draft "Civilian Revolutionary Declaration" that he was carrying, and finally found an opportunity to flip over the iron fence of the hotel and escape.
Wang Ruofei
After escaping from danger, Ulanf informed other party members overnight to quickly transfer. Then, Ulan Fu set out from Baotou overnight, along the railway line, first to Chasuqi, then to The Village of Tongshi and other places, and informed the comrades at various contact points and the members of the peasant associations to transfer immediately.
In those days, in order to rescue Comrade Wang Ruofei, Ulan Fu ventured into the city, actively listened to the news, and tried everything he could, sometimes living in the mountains, sometimes spending the night in a broken temple, lacking food and drink, and his life was very difficult, but he still insisted and never gave up. Although in the end Ulanf was unable to rescue Wang Ruofei, he could see his great affection for the revolutionary comrades. Wang Ruofei was rescued by the Northern Bureau in May 1937 and ended his five years and seven months in prison.
Although Ulanf's rescue was unsuccessful, it can be seen that he is sympathetic to his comrades.
Plan ahead and plan the Lark Temple Uprising
After the "918" incident, Japan soon invaded and occupied the league flags in eastern Inner Mongolia, and then their targets turned to the western league flags, the first of which were xilin gol and chahar.
At that time, the main object of Japan's co-optation was the league chief Suo Wang, but they also made great efforts to the deputy league chief Dewang. As early as the winter of 1930, the Japanese secret agent Kakuyoshi Morishima went to the Sunit Right Banner where the King of Tokugawa was located. In the summer of 1931, Morishima Kakuyoshi took advantage of the opportunity of King Tokugawa's visit to Peiping to invite him to dinner at the FusoKan, during which Morishima Kakuyoshi approved of Gieshan's "great deeds" in order to incite King De to defect to Japan. In 1932, Japan also sent Army General Hayashi Milling Shiro, Daisa Matsui and others to pretend to be lamas to carry out espionage and abduction activities in sunit right banner.
In the winter of 1935, in the name of the Mongolian Political Council, the German king ordered the establishment of the "Chahar League Office" to prepare for the fall of Japanese imperialism. Subsequently, King De also took the opportunity to transfer a group of ethnic separatists from the Mongolian Political Council of the Bailing Temple to carry out the work of preparing for the establishment of the general headquarters of the puppet Mongol Army, and decided to change the Yuan Yi Banner and use the Chronology of Genghis Khan to formulate the "Mongolian Flag" marked by the red, yellow, and white stripes in the upper right corner of the blue land, indicating that it had broken away from China's subordination and embarked on the road of surrendering to Japan.
Elves
At this critical moment, Ulan Fu came to the Bailing Temple alone to discuss countermeasures with Yun qing and Zhao Cheng, and instructed Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu: "As long as the King of De openly surrenders to Japan, we will riot under the banner of the anti-Japanese resistance, lead the Mongolian flag security team to occupy the Bailing Temple, and electrify the whole country."
On February 21, 1936, the German king took the risk and held the inauguration ceremony of the puppet Mongolian Army General Command, and appointed himself as the commander-in-chief, set up a Japanese advisory department, and openly defected to Japan. This move provoked great indignation among the Mongolian people of all strata.
Taking advantage of this opportunity, Ulanf began to develop anti-Japanese activities in the German king's garrison, spreading our party's just propositions of resisting Japan and saving the country and national equality, deeply touching a group of young officers of the garrison, and laying the foundation for the Lark Temple uprising. Soon, Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu, chiefs of the security brigade of the Mongolian Political Council, discussed armed riots in the West Courtyard of zhende maoshang and formulated a specific riot plan. At 23:30 on the same day, more than 2,000 officers and men of the garrison held an armed uprising in four ways. Resist the Japanese puppet army all the way; Open the prison of the pseudo-security service all the way and release political prisoners; Smashing the pseudo-self-government apparatus all the way; All the way open the silver chest, burn the accounts and confiscate the reverse payment.
Warriors who participated in the Lark Temple Uprising
When Yunwei led the riot team to the inspection office, the soldiers inside were completely unaware, the lights of the two large houses were still on, fourteen or five soldiers were asleep on the two large kangs in the north and south, and the long guns were all hung on the wall, and the rioters rushed into the house. Immediately all the guns hanging on the wall were put away. Immediately afterward, Yunwei killed Li Fengcheng, director of the Inspection Department, and fired the first shot of the anti-Japanese armed rebellion at the Bailing Temple. After a fierce gun battle, the rebels captured the armory.
On January 26, 1937, all the rebel armies completed their tasks, and after several turns, the Bailing Temple uprising troops were reorganized into the Mongolian Banner Independent Brigade, which was actually led by our Party.
After this battle, the Lark Temple, an obscure grassland town, became famous overnight, inspiring the fighting spirit of the people of the whole country to save the people. Mao Zedong commented that the Bailing Temple Uprising was "the first shot of the precious grassland anti-Japanese resistance"
The anti-Japanese armed forces established by the people of Inner Mongolia
Wisdom and courage are complete, and Ulan Fu single-handedly attends the meeting
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the eastern and central parts of Inner Mongolia had just been liberated from Japanese colonial rule, and a group of local Mongolians of all walks of life with national consciousness gathered in the Right Banner of sunit of the Xilin Gol League, the Temple of the Prince of the Xing'an League, and other places, hoping to find a way out for Inner Mongolia. The "Provisional Government of the Inner Mongolia People's Republic" and the "East Mongolian People's Autonomous Government" were established one after another.
Considering the strategic position of Inner Mongolia in the overall situation of the national revolution, our Party believes that it is necessary to bring the concentration of these spontaneously rising national forces into the orbit of the Inner Mongolia autonomy movement led by our Party as soon as possible. This responsibility was entrusted to Ulanf.
In early October 1945, Ulanf, with only a few cadres, came to the seat of the "Provisional Government of the Inner Mongolian People's Republic" in sunit right banner, where Ulanf repeatedly propagated and explained the political ideas and ethnic policies of the Communist Party of China, and quickly won over the majority of the "provisional government", and Ulanf was elected chairman of the "provisional government". Three days later, Ulan fu, chairman of the "Provisional Government," moved him to Zhangbei County, which was controlled by the Eighth Route Army.
Zhou Enlai praised Ulan Fu greatly, calling it "a one-knife meeting"!
On August 1, 1946, Ulanfu proposed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to establish an autonomous government in Inner Mongolia. On May 1, 1947, Ulanf was successfully elected chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established
We will vigorously support the country
Although the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established and the national revolution had not yet achieved a final victory, Ulan fu stressed from beginning to end that Inner Mongolia was part of all of China, and Ulan Fu's eldest son Buhe recalled his father:
(Ulanf) has always emphasized that parts cannot be separated from the whole, and when the country encounters difficulties, the autonomous region should solve problems for the country.
After liberation, at the most difficult time on the mainland, Ulanf mobilized Inner Mongolia to take in more than 3,000 orphans in the interior, giving them a warm home, and these children later called themselves "children of the grasslands."
At that time, Ulan fu learned from Deng Yingchao that Zhou Enlai was trying to solve the grain problem, and immediately began to gather comrades in Inner Mongolia to think of a way. Some people believe that Inner Mongolia is a pastoral area, does not produce much grain, and it is a drop in the bucket to ask for relief. But Ulan Fu said: We should share the worries of the country, for the general understanding of the difficulty, even if we hand over an extra pound of grain, it is also a piece of the heart of the people of Inner Mongolia for the country.
In the autumn of that year, many provinces across the country were unable to take care of themselves, but Inner Mongolia handed over more than 700 million kilograms of grain, exceeding the quota. Premier Zhou praised:
This is a charcoal in the snow, and it is difficult for Comrade Ulanf.
Ulanf was receiving the crowd
In August 1987, Ulan fu led a central delegation to the 40th anniversary celebration of the founding of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which was the last time he returned to Inner Mongolia, for which he had dedicated his life.
After paying homage to Genghis Khan's mausoleum, Ulan Fu said to the crowd calling for his name: "
Folks, I'll be back.
”
However, this time, the son of the steppe, who was highly respected and loved by the Mongolian and Han tribes, Ulan fu, reneged on his promise. On December 8, 1988, Ulanf died of illness at the age of 82.
In 2006, 81 orphans who were adopted by Ulanf to the grassland spontaneously held a "symposium to commemorate the 10th anniversary of Ulanf's birth", and when recalling Ulanf's life and deeds, many people could not help but burst into tears, and they said emotionally:
We are gathered today to remember our benefactor, Ulanf, who gave us a second life and that of the steppe people.
So, do you think Ulanf is qualified to be awarded the rank of admiral?