Every Chinese knows that the comrades who were awarded the rank of the Central Military Commission in 1955 are great heroes of the nation and a presence worthy of the respect of every Chinese.
Every comrade who has been awarded a military rank needs to undergo extremely harsh examination by the central authorities, so most of them are soldiers of the Red Army and the Eighth Route Army.
However, in that context, there is a very special being, who is the protagonist of this article. This comrade never joined the Red Army and was not a soldier of the Eighth Route Army, but he was still awarded the rank of general by the Central Committee in 1955.
So, what kind of outstanding contributions has this comrade made that has made the Central Committee attach so much importance to him?
This particular general was named
Ulanf
He was an extremely patriotic and sane Mongolian man.
Pictured| Ulanf
Born in 1906, Ulan fu is a native of The Village of Busai, Tumut Banner, Inner Mongolia. Perhaps due to geographical influences, most Of the Mongols at that time did not attach much importance to education, including Ulanf's parents.
After Ulanf had reached the age when he could study, Ulanf's parents did not choose to send him to school, but took the little him to the grasslands to graze. They believe that reading is something that is unnecessary, as long as you learn the skills of grazing and horseback riding, you can still live comfortably. But Ulanf didn't think so.
From a very young age, Ulanf became interested in books, and whenever he had free time, he would always pull out a book to read. A little older and knowing how to express his wishes, Ulan fu took the initiative to find his parents and ask them to send him to the school.
But the father thought that this was a way for Ulanf to avoid work, and he firmly disagreed. In order to prove that what he said was true, Ulan Fu had to go out alone with his flock for several days, which made his father free of his previous prejudices.
A few days later, the parents looked at the hungry Ulanf who was rushing home, and their hearts were very distressed. Through this incident, Ulanf's parents also saw the child's desire to enter the academy to study, and under the impetus of love, the two finally agreed to send him to study.
The opportunity to study was not easy to come by, and all Ulanfs attached great importance to their studies, and whenever other children went out to play together, Ulanf would still choose to stay at home and read. Emperor Tian did not pay his heart, and under his efforts, his academic performance was greatly improved, and in 1919, Ulan fu was admitted to the Guisui (present-day Hohhot) Tumut Higher Primary School (then known as " )
South High
”）。
Tumut Higher Primary School is a very good school, and studying there not only improved Ulanf's knowledge, but also broadened his horizons and exposed him to many new ideas. A year later, Ulanf became an activist in the student movement.
Pictured| Tumut Higher Primary School
In 1920, Ulanf participated in the first anniversary of the May Fourth Movement organized by many patriotic colleges; in 1921, he participated in the student parade advocated by the Student Federation; in 1923, he participated in the mass boycott of Japanese goods organized by the Sui-Sui Student Federation.
In these struggles, Ulanf underwent the initial tempering of the revolutionary struggle and gradually woke up in the course of the training to understand the oppression and exploitation of our people by the reactionary warlords and imperialism. As a patriotic young man, Ulanf would never allow his homeland to be threatened, so he began to want to participate in the real struggle and protect his homeland with his blood.
After the start of the school year in the fall of 1923,
Li Dazhao
When I came to the Mongolian-Tibetan school, I came into contact with progressive young people who were as thoughtful and enterprising as Ulanf, and while examining their ideological situation, they also left behind revolutionary and progressive books such as "New Youth" and "Guide" to propagate Marxism-Leninism and the patriotic ideas of the Communist Party of China.
Li Dazhao once held a lecture in the local area and told the young people:
The fundamental reason why the Mongols and even all the nationalities in China are now oppressed by the great powers and exploited by the reactionaries is because there is a dim and decadent ruling government--the former Qing government, the current Beiyang government," which are all subservient to imperialism, and they collude with bureaucratic landlords to brutally suppress and plunder various nationalities. If the Chinese nation wants to turn around and the Mongols want to liberate, the first thing they have to do is to overthrow the previous rule and establish a new regime.
Ulanf's blood boiled when he heard it, yes, if the nation wants to stand up, it must join the struggle! With this in mind, Ulanf joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in December 1923. Some time later, Ulanf joined a Marxist-Leninist research group created by the Northern Party. There, for the first time, he genuinely read the Communist Manifesto and the Basis of Leninism, gained an initial understanding of some of the basic knowledge of the proletariat, and raised his class consciousness and revolutionary consciousness.
From 1924 to 1925, Ulanf joined the commemoration of the "February 7" strike and solidarity with the "May Thirtieth" (
swooping
"Patriotic activities such as movements truly realize that only by awakening more Chinese people, allowing the masses to join the revolutionary movement, and uniting countless people can we win the victory of the revolution."
Figure |" May Thirtieth" movement
At the beginning of 1925, in order to propagate Marxism-Leninism in Inner Mongolia, expand the influence of the Communist Party of China, and thus awaken more Mongolian compatriots, Ulanfu, under the guidance of the Communist Party of China, established the Inner Mongolian revolutionary newspaper, "Mongolian Peasants". From the very beginning, Ulanf and others proposed that "the enemies of the Mongol people are reactionary warlords, imperialism, princes and nobles, so that the Mongols can unite and jointly overthrow the reactionary forces and create a beautiful new homeland." This progressive idea conveyed in the press left a profound impact on the Mongolian people.
In September 1925, Ulanf withstood the test of the party and was transformed from a member of the Youth League to a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Since then, Ulanf has truly grown from a young man who pursues national progress to a proletarian revolutionary fighter who is determined to devote all his efforts to the cause of communism. The central government attached great importance to this young man, and in October of the same year, Ulanf was sent to Moscow for further study at Sun Yat-sen University.
During his studies, Ulanf studied courses in history, philosophy, and Leninism, and because of this, he began to truly understand the importance of the people to the revolution. On a subsequent visit, Ulan fu also recalled a sentence he had said in a report at Sun Yat-sen University:
"It would be extremely foolish to think that China could defeat feudalism and imperialism if it had sufficient military strength; without the agrarian revolution, without the positive support of the masses of the people for the Wuhan army, it would have been impossible to overthrow these reactionary forces."
Because of his deep knowledge of Russian, during his time in school, he also took on a lot of work translating documents and books, which were not only easy, but also brought him good benefits, so that he could live a very moist life, if he was an ordinary person, he might be lost in this calm and comfortable life, so as to abandon his dreams and choose to continue to be lost in the glitz, but Ulanf did not do this.
In his peaceful life, Ulanf has always maintained his sanity, and he even chose to resign his post and return to his homeland to continue to participate in revolutionary action on the grounds that his life was too stable and he had lost his goal.
When he submitted his resignation, the school authorities were surprised by his decision, you know, the Chinese revolution was still in the dark, the Soviet Communist International did not know what the situation in China would be like after that, and was worried that the Chinese Communist Party would not be able to sustain itself, and in this case, the road back was undoubtedly difficult. The school leaders cherished his talent and advised him to stay and continue to work.
However, Ulanf resolutely left, leaving only one sentence:
"I am Chinese, and in this life, even if I die, I will die in the motherland."
The school authorities saw that Ulan Fu was so resolute, and they agreed to his request.
In September 1929, Ulanf returned to his dream hometown, Inner Mongolia, and began to build here. In order to ignite the flame of the struggle of the masses, Ulan Fu personally wrote the "Letter to the Mongolian People of the Tumut Banner", calling on the Mongolian people to participate in action, unite with the Han compatriots, jointly resist the reactionaries, and strive for the liberation of the whole nation.
In 1931, the Japanese devils launched the "918" incident, using force to take away the three northeastern provinces of our country, and the following year provoked an aggressive action against Shanghai. Some time later, the Japanese devils supported the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty to ascend to the throne again and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo, which made the Chinese nation, which was already a disaster-stricken, face a greater threat, and the ethnic contradictions between China and Japan began to intensify.
In the face of the Japanese devils pressing forward step by step, Chiang Kai-shek and other Kuomintang still did not seem to realize that danger was coming, and still shouted that "outside the country must be safe inside," and have been planning "encirclement and suppression" operations against the Communists.
Since the japanese invasion of China, the Communist Party of China has advocated resistance against Japan, on the one hand defeating Chiang Kai-shek's military "encirclement and suppression" and on the other hand promoting the people's anti-Japanese self-help action of the whole country, and the Party Central Committee has called on all of China to unite and jointly resist foreign enemies, but such a voice has been ignored by various warlords who are still living in fantasy.
Figure |" September 18 "Incident
“
September 18
After the incident, the situation in Inner Mongolia also became grim, a large area of land in eastern Mongolia was occupied by the enemy, among them, only members of our party and some non-governmental spontaneous anti-Japanese groups went to organize the anti-Japanese resistance, such forces were not enough to resist the attack of the Japanese Kou, and gradually the Simon region also began to be in crisis, and the Mongolian nobleman Dewang intended to seek Mongolian "independence."
In early 1934, Ulan Fu infiltrated the Tumut Higher Primary School, and under the cover of being the school's director of affairs and teachers, secretly instructed the work of the Simon Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, and paid close attention to the movement of the bailing temple autonomy movement.
In accordance with the instructions of the Third International, the focus of work shifted to ethnic work and persuading the German king to join the anti-Japanese struggle. He used the Mongolian Local Autonomous Affairs Committee established by King De to arrange for Comrades Zhao Cheng and Yun Qing to serve as soldiers in the security team of the Autonomous Affairs Committee. Comrades publicized the anti-Japanese action in the security brigade, and at the same time encouraged a large number of Mongolian young people to join the security brigade; in order to ensure that the Party Central Committee carried out its work in the security corps, Ulanf also entered the security corps many times, personally explained to the soldiers the idea of resisting Japan and saving the country, and at the same time actively deployed to prevent the German king from descending to Japan and exhorted the security team to jointly resist Japan.
Figure | King de
In 1935,
The cloud follows first
Zhu Shifu and others took advantage of the opportunity of returning home during the Spring Festival to talk about the Dewang affairs one after another, and Ulanfu analyzed that the Japanese Kou may be planning to establish a second "puppet Manchukuo" matter, the situation is grim, and the people must strengthen their anti-Japanese stand, unite the broad masses, and make good use of the dissatisfaction of the officers and soldiers with the de-Japanese surrender of the German king and actively struggle against it.
After the Spring Festival, seeing that King De's action of descending the sun was becoming more and more obvious, Ulan Fu decided to go to the Lark Temple again to do ideological work for King De. After Zhu Shifu's introduction, Ulan Fu met with the German king again as a teacher and advised him not to fall into the trap of japanese devils and become a national sinner.
In order to prevent the domestic situation from deteriorating again, Ulanf instructed the crowd to do a good job of rioting in advance, and at the same time instructed the traffic officers to pass on information to the outside world. The crowd gathered together to discuss the question of where to keep the troops, and in the end, they came to the conclusion that the King of Virtue and the King of Germany were together
Fu Zuoyi
There were huge contradictions and conflicts, and if you wanted to further resolve the Dewang action, it was better to contact Fu Zuoyi and win his support. Find an opportunity to pull out troops and form a Mongol anti-Japanese armed force, as long as the German king publicly surrenders, the time is ripe for insurrection.
In August of the same year, the Party Central Committee wrote the "Letter to All Compatriots for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country" during the Long March, calling on the people of the country to stop the civil war and jointly resist Japan and save the country. In October, the soldiers of the Red Army overcame various difficulties and successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi, and the Long March was successfully concluded. Ulan Fu printed this news on a leaflet, sent Li Sen to the Lark Temple, and secretly distributed it to the officers and men of the various security forces, giving great encouragement to party members and progressive officers and soldiers.
In November, king De was invited to visit the "puppet state of Manchukuo" and officially revealed his collusion with japanese devils. After receiving the news, Ulan Fu quickly printed the news on the leaflet and distributed it to the soldiers of the Bailing Temple Security Brigade and the vast number of Inner Mongolian compatriots to further expose the evil appearance of the Dewang, so as to prepare in advance for the suppression of public opinion.
Figure | Cloud follows first
In January 1936, Yun Jixian and Zhu Shifu quietly left their places of residence and contacted Fu Zuoyi. Fu Zuoyi met with them alone, and not surprisingly, when he heard that the King of Germany intended to surrender, he quickly expressed his full support for the resistance of the people.
When Yun and Zhu returned to the Lark Temple, it was already February 18, and before they could take a good rest, they heard bad news--as early as February 12, king De had already set up a pseudo-"Mongol Army General Headquarters" at the instigation of Japanese devils, and he declared himself the commander-in-chief of the army, and set up a Japanese advisory department in the army to openly surrender to the enemy. The loyalists of king De in the lark temple, as well as the backbone of the Autonomous Council, were transferred to Sunit, and only the Self Council remained
Li Fengcheng
Work is still being done.
Tu | king surrendered to the enemy
The situation was too urgent to discuss the decision with Ulan fu, so Yun and Zhu quickly summoned the backbone to discuss the decision. After discussion, the crowd decided to act ahead of time and informed Ulanf of the news.
On the evening of February 21, 1936
Yun Jixian led the riot officers and men to move in the direction of the Autonomous Administration Committee, and while they were vigilant against the Dewang troops, they cleared the main road where the rebel troops were about to retreat, and at the same time sent the main force to attack the Dewang's armory in the Great Temple, destroy the Autonomous Administrative Committee radio, and at the same time solve the soldiers who had been imprisoned before.
The early operation went well, but when the crowd decided to march in the direction of Guisui, they encountered setbacks - the King of Germany, who learned of the rebellion of the security forces, sent his officers and soldiers to catch up, and the situation fell into crisis. At this moment, Yun Jixian stood up first, and he calmly and calmly instructed his officers and men to take advantage of the terrain and fight with the pursuing soldiers behind him. The soldiers fought bloodily for a long time, and finally repelled the enemy.
The rebel troops continued to march south, and after dawn they reached the Erfenzi area, more than seventy kilometers away from the Bailing Temple, and Yun Jixian issued an order, instructing the soldiers to rest for a while again and wait until Fu Zuoyi led reinforcements to meet them.
The sentries ran to Yun Jixian and told the crowd that the 421st Regiment of the Thirty-fifth Army assigned by Fu Zuoyi had arrived at a nearby location, but strangely enough, they surrounded the rebel troops and demanded that everyone surrender their weapons.
Figure | Fu Zuoyi
After learning this news, everyone's mood fluctuated a little, believing that Fu Zuoyi was treacherous and advocating a decisive battle with them. Yun Jixian immediately reassured everyone, believing that it was not good to act hastily before the situation was clear. He and Zhu Shifu and other major leaders approached Fu Zuoyi's generals and asked them why they were asked to hand over their weapons. The other side replied: For the sake of the safety of the troops and to prevent the troops from mutinying, they are only following orders.
Yun Jixian decided to focus on the overall situation, and made a pact with the other party to only hand over long guns and not short guns, and followed the 421 regiment back to Guisui.
When Ulan fu learned that the rebel troops had successfully achieved their mission and arrived in Guisui, he immediately called on the local primary and secondary schools and all sectors of society to express solidarity with the righteous actions of Yun Jixian and others.
On February 25, Yun Jixian and others telegraphed the whole country, announcing that the security team was out of the control of Dewang and others and participated in the anti-Japanese army.
Some time later, through negotiations, Fu Zuoyi returned the surrendered weapons, and the rebel forces were officially renamed
Suijing Mengqi Security Corps
。
In 1937, as the aggressive acts of the Japanese devils became more and more unscrupulous, the Kuomintang finally agreed to unite with our party and jointly resist foreign enemies, and the anti-Japanese national united front was formally formed. At this time, the security brigade was reorganized again, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China directly used the name of the Kuomintang troops to organize it into the new Third Division of the National Revolutionary Army, and Ulan Fu served as the secretary of the CPC Committee.
In September of the same year, Ulan fu was ordered to lead his men to the area around the Guisui Heihe River to resist the Japanese army. Shortly thereafter, he led his troops to the area of Shen (Mu) Fu (Gu) in northern Shaanxi, where he contacted our army through the 1st and 2nd O Divisions, and was ordered to be stationed in Yikezhao League to participate in the battle.
After the Surrender of the Japanese Devils, the Mongol nobles, who considered themselves safe, once again made small calculations, trying to split Mongolia and establish the so-called Provisional Government of the Republic of Inner Mongolia, that is, these people also had ambitions to take power in Inner Mongolia.
In order to resist this trend, the Behavior of the Mongol nobles will undoubtedly make the situation of the people more difficult, and in order to resist this trend, the Party Central Committee sent Ulan Fu back to Inner Mongolia again, hoping that he could use clever tricks to solve this problem.
After returning to Inner Mongolia, Ulanf immediately went deep among the masses, aroused the patriotic feelings of the peasants, and made countless people begin to oppose inner Mongolia's independence head-on. However, the Mongol nobles were followed by a large number of followers, and the two sides were evenly matched.
When the scene reached a stalemate, Ulan Fu went into battle lightly and brought only a few cadres to the enemy base camp, hoping to persuade the top brass of the Provisional Government to supplement Yingda Gan (
jasmine
), causing him to abandon his reactionary behavior, but indah betrayed Ulanf's kindness. Ignoring the previous fate of his brother-in-law King Dewang, he insisted on going his own way and resolutely stood against the people:
"We have only just formed a provisional government that represents the interests of our Mongols, and no one can destroy it."
Ulan Fu snorted coldly, revealing his true face: "When you say that the Mongols liberated themselves, which Mongols are you referring to?" And what kind of liberation? ”
Seeing that yingda was still going his own way, Ulan Fu dropped his words: "Please carefully consider the questions I asked, the answers to these questions, you and I know, and the Mongolian people also know." ”
After the ceremony arrived, Ulanf began to formally unfold his plan. Ulanf held a symposium for Mongolian youth shortly afterwards. At the meeting, he pointed out that Indah was a traitor and was wanted, how could such a person be the president of the people! To support this fact, Ulanf also produced a list of traitors in the Jin-Cha-Ji Daily. After seeing this ironclad evidence, most of the Mongolian youth chose to give up the command of Indah and return to the people's queue.
Soon after, the Provisional Government re-elected the chairman, and Ulanf successfully sat on the chairmanship by virtue of his own skills. Some time passed, when Ulanf ordered his subordinates to stop making proclamations in the name of the "government" and to stop all government activities, this "ridiculous" "provisional government" was dissolved. Zhou Enlai praised this:
"It is a very remarkable thing that Ulanf went to the meeting with a single knife and won the struggle, thus preventing the Mongol split."
After the founding of New China, the leaders of the Party Central Committee did not forget his meritorious service, so Ulan fu was awarded the rank of general without joining the Red Army or a soldier of the Eighth Route Army, which was also an honor he deserved.