In February 1936, the puppet Mongol military government was established, and because the Inner Mongolia region broke away from the Nanjing government and Japan's intention to move westward, the Japanese Kwantung Army gave support to the puppet Mongolian military government. The Kwantung Army hoped to use the Inner Mongolia region to cut off China's contact with Outer Mongolia and ensure the security of the puppet Manchuria.
Influenced by Japanese policy, puppet Manchukuo formulated the Fundamental Guidelines for Guiding the Mongol Nation on May 20. In this policy, the puppet state of Manchukuo stated: "The only way to guide the Mongols abroad is to rely on Japan and maintain good relations with Manchukuo." Supporting the independence and autonomy movement of the Mongolian nation centered on the current Mongolian military government made it a strategic cornerstone for Mongolian nationalities abroad and gradually expanded to Xinjiang. However, the Manchu disintegration movement of the Inner Mongolian nation was not allowed. ”
From this policy, it can be seen from the expression "support for the independence and autonomy movement of the Mongol nation centered on the Mongol military government" that the puppet Manchukuo supports the separatist behavior of the Mongol nation, but it needs to be based on a pro-Japanese and pro-Manchu attitude, which is entirely in line with Japan's willingness to establish a Japanese-centered colonial system.
I. Among the "diplomatic" exchanges between the puppet Manchus and the Mongol puppet regimes, the most prominent was the three visits of the German king to Manchuria
1. The First "Visit to Manchuria" by the King of Germany
After the establishment of the puppet Mongol military government, the German king heeded the Japanese proposal to plan an agreement with the puppet Manchus, and the first "visit to Manchuria" began.
Dewang and others arrived in Xinjing by two planes, and successively visited Itagaki Seishiro, Zhang Jinghui, Zhang Yanqing, and others, and exchanged and feasted with each other. Subsequently, a meeting was held on the conclusion of an agreement between the puppet Manchus and the puppets, and in the process, the two sides only disputed the "military issue", and the core of the dispute was the question of when to withdraw the troops after the puppet Manchus supported the puppets and Mongolia.
In fact, on the question of when to withdraw troops, the decision ultimately rests with the Kwantung Army, not the puppet Mongolian and Puppet Manchus. In the end, the two sides "concluded a 'Manchu-Mongolian agreement' with the contents of joint defense against communism, military alliance, mutual representation, and economic promotion." ”
The signing of the "Manchu-Mongolian Agreement" showed the establishment of "diplomatic" relations between puppet Manchuria and puppet Mongolia, after which the two sides began to carry out closer "diplomatic" exchanges.
After the signing of the "Manchu-Mongolian Agreement", the German king met with Puyi again. Dewang was a Mongolian aristocrat with a strong feudal ideology, and the traditional "idea of loyalty" was deeply rooted. He himself once said in his self-statement: "When I was young, because I was deeply poisoned by feudal society, I had a strong idea of loyalty to the king. However, after I inherited the Right Banner of Sunit, Prince Zasak, I had entered the Republic of China era, and there was no king to be loyal to, so I pinned the idea of loyalty on Puyi's body. ”
Previously, King Dewang in Tianjin had visited Puyi, and the conclusion of the agreement between the two sides was originally carried out on the basis of equality between the two sides, but due to the "loyal plot" of King De, when he saw Puyi, he still knelt down and prayed. King De recalled the meeting: "However, remembering the past relationship, Puyi personally is still willing to meet with the courtesy of a king and a subordinate. Therefore, when I saw Puyi alone, I still performed a prostration. ”
Then the two had long talks. At the end of the "visit to Manchuria", Dewang also visited the Arsenal and visited Dalian. King De's "loyalty plot" was learned by the Japanese, and Japan hoped to win over King De so that Japan could better control the puppet Mongolia, so there was a second visit by King De to puppet Manchuria.
2. The Second "Visit of the King of Germany"
King De was told that Puyi would make him a prince and eventually "Prince Of Wude". Jin Yongchang, a traitor of the false Mongolian Han Dynasty, said: "It is most appropriate to be named Prince Wude, because Wu is to take the martial character of Emperor Shengwu of Genghis Khan; De is to take the German character of King De, and combining the word Wude is to mean that King De inherits Genghis Khan's great cause, and it must be suitable for king De's appetite." ”
Japan also agreed with this suggestion, so there was a statement in the autobiography of King De: "Puyi summoned me again and personally gave Prince Wude the "Certificate of Qin Ren", and I immediately accepted it and expressed my gratitude." ”
And this "Qin Ren Zhi" also has a clear Japanese manipulation mark, de Wang said when describing this Qin Ren Zhi: "After I returned to my apartment, I carefully looked at this "Qin Ren Zhi", which also has Puyi's signature on it, I am very strange, how can the emperor still sign his own name? It is considered that it is not in line with the practice of the former Qing King only stamping a large seal and the emperor not signing his name, which shows that this unusual "Letter of Qin Ren" was at the behest of the Japanese, not the idea of Puyi's close subjects. ”
The purpose of Japan's approach is first, to win over the German king, and second, to close the relationship between the puppet Manchus and the puppet Mongolia, and it is obvious that strengthening the ties between the two sides can assist Japan in establishing the colonial system it wants, and also help to form the illusion of "diplomacy" between the two sides on the surface.
3. The Third "Visit of the King of Germany"
The third "visit" of the German king coincided with the 10th anniversary of the founding of the puppet Manchus. The purpose of the Dewang's "visit to Manchuria" was first, to participate in the activities for the 10th anniversary of the founding of the puppet Manchus, and second, to express gratitude for the "help" given by the puppet Manchus.
Dewang and others arrived in Xinjing on April 21, 1942, met with reporters after a short break, and issued a statement about the visit to Manchuria. The next day, Puyi officially received the King of Germany, and the King of Germany also expressed his gratitude for the "support" of the puppet State of Manchukuo on behalf of the people under the rule of the puppet Mongolian regime during the meeting with Puyi.
In the afternoon, King Tokugawa visited Umezu, commander of the Kwantung Army, and said: "I am deeply grateful to the United Self-Government of Mongolia for its countless support to the Kwantung Army since its founding. ”
Next, the German king visited zhang jinghui, the prime minister of puppet Manchuria, and the "visit to Manchuria" ended on the 24th, and then returned to Zhangjiakou. In Response to King De's visit, the Puppet Manchus dispatched Yu Chen and 11 others to carry out a three-day "visit to Mongolia" activity in June 1942.
The delegation arrived in Zhangjiakou on June 9, and the next day was received by the Dewang, Li Shouxin and Daqiao Zhongyi were both present, and that night the Dewang hosted a banquet for the puppet Manchu delegation, and Yu Chen and others returned to Xinjing after visiting the XingyaYuan Liaison Department in "Mengjiang" on the 11th.
Each of the three "visits" of the German king to Manchuria had different purposes, but they were all carried out at the behest of Japan, and the so-called "diplomatic" activities between the puppet Manchus and the puppet Mongols were nothing more than a farce in accordance with Japan's wishes and the two puppet regimes cooperated.
II. Pseudo-Manchuria Gives Pseudo-Manchurian Tremendous "Support" to Pseudo-Manchuria
In the autumn of 1942, puppet Mongolia also sent a large delegation of more than fifty people to visit Xinjing. The delegation "headed by Songjin Wangchuk, chairman of the 'Xingmeng Committee,' and Jiang Huiruo (Admiral) of the 'Suixi Baoshang Supervisory Office', as deputy head of the delegation.
The puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang Joint Autonomous Government was regarded by Japan as the second puppet manchukuo, so in the process of "construction" and "development" of puppet Mongolia, under the instruction of Japan, puppet Manchuria gave great "support.".
The puppet state of Manchukuo boasted about the fact that the puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang United Autonomous Government had received aid: "Since the establishment of this government, it has always received assistance from Manchukuo, and all the officials and people of Mongolia have shown deep gratitude for the deep friendship support of the Kwantung Army." ”
In addition to material supplies, Puppet Manchuria sent a large number of personnel to Puppet Mongolia to hold important positions in the government.
In terms of supporting the puppet Mongolian regime, as early as the establishment of the Puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang Joint Committee, there was an exchange of official documents with the Kwantung Army, the second of which stipulates: "The supreme advisers, senators, advisers and the main members of the committee staff of this committee are requested to be recommended by the commander of your army to be appointed by the Japanese and Manchurians." The Japanese and Manchurian advisers within the three regimes also refer to the above. ”
This secret document undoubtedly completely handed over the power of personnel appointment to the Kwantung Army, that is, the transfer of actual power, and its provisions are no different from the "Puyi Zhi Benzhuang Book", all of which are directly surrendered core powers. It can be seen that Japan's strategy in establishing the various puppet regimes is more or less the same, so it is only natural that the connection between these puppet regimes will be controlled by Japan. What is slightly different is that personnel from "Japan and Manchuria" serve as important officials of the Puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang Joint Committee, and puppet Manchuria is arranged by Japan to play an important role in the operation of the puppet Mongolian regime.
After Japan seized the power to appoint personnel, it sent puppet Manchus to rule in the puppet Mongolian regime: "As far as the supreme adviser is concerned: the first Kanai Shoji was formerly the puppet vice minister of Binjiang Province; the second Tashi Ohashi Tadaichi was originally the puppet Manchu senator and puppet foreign minister; and the third Shinyoshi Masaichi was originally the governor of puppet Manchurian Island Province." ”
In addition to the supreme adviser, those who had served in puppet Manchuria held other important positions in the puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang United Autonomous Government. For example, two ministers of general affairs: "Hoshihara Sekiguchi is the deputy superintendent of the police of the puppet Manchurian capital; Fujio Numata was formerly the first director of the puppet Manchurian Ministry of Communications." as well as the pseudo-agency personnel under the puppet Mongolian-Xinjiang United Autonomous Government: "Former Island Shengyuan, the supreme adviser of the puppet Northern Jin Government, was a puppet Manchu counselor, and the top adviser of the puppet Government, Takeuchi Yuanping, was the deputy director of the Puppet Manchurian Rehe Provincial Monopoly Bureau."
These personnel had rich experience in ruling the puppet Manchus, and their arrival facilitated the application of the puppet Manchu system to the puppet Mongolian regime, thus maintaining the rule of the invaders.
Although the "diplomatic" exchanges between the puppet Manchus and the puppet Mongolian regimes involve agreements and treaties jointly signed by the two sides, it is not difficult to see that the basic goals of the two puppet regimes are the same, that is, to submit to Japan's control over the puppet regime; the two sides have the same setting of each other's status, that is, "allies" under the control of the same suzerainty, and mutual "support" and "promotion" for each other. The three visits of the head of the puppet Mongolian regime, King De, are enough to see the importance that the puppets attach to the "diplomatic" relations with the puppets. The frequency and content of the "diplomatic" exchanges between the two sides are more extensive than those of the puppet Manchu and puppet Jidong regimes, the puppet Republic of China Restoration Government, and the puppet Republic of China Provisional Government.
bibliography:
Lu Minghui: The Beginning and End of Mongolia's "Autonomy Movement"
Fei Zheng, Li Zuomin, and Zhang Jiaji: "Pseudo-Regimes During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression"
Wang Wenfeng: A Study on the Foreign Relations of Puppet Manchukuo
Wu Xiaoliang: Commenting on the "Diplomacy" of Puppet Manchukuo Under the Manipulation of Japanese Imperialism