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In the historical drama of the Liberation War, we can always see that the commanders of the People's Liberation Army will come up with top-secret intelligence on the interception of the enemy at the crucial moment of decision-making, thus promoting the war to victory.
Does anyone question whether such a thing is really happening? Perhaps they did not understand the communist intelligence network, and there were many heroes lurking within the Kuomintang on the hidden front, such as Guo Rujie, director of the Operations Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, and Shen Anna, the highest-ranking military conference stenographer of the Kuomintang, who were all communists, and they sent countless top-secret intelligence.
From September 1948 to January 1949 alone, during the three major battles of Liaoshen, Pingjin, and Huaihai, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao received thousands of military and political intelligence letters from the Kuomintang, and 408 top-secret telegrams were sent from Yan'an to the hands of frontline commanders.
After the Kuomintang defeated And retreated to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek held many meetings to review the military defeats, and what made him very puzzled was why Mao Zedong could always lead his nose.
In addition to the information sent by the lurking heroes who risked their lives, there were countless pieces of information sent by the Kuomintang that were deciphered.
Why did the Communist Party decipher the Kuomintang's top-secret intelligence so easily? This is related to an underground party lurking in Qingdao, his name is Wu Rongsen,
We slowly tell the story of this hero.
Wu Rongsen
First, lurk inside the enemy's navy and outwit the code of the "three services" of the army, navy and air force
In 1927, a young boy was born in Anqiu County, Shandong Province, to an intellectual family, and this person was Wu Rongsen. The inaction of the Qing government and the Beiyang warlords allowed Qingdao to be stolen by the Germans several times, which made Wu Rongsen vow to drive out the invaders and revitalize China as a teenager.
In 1943, 16-year-old Wu Rongsen, under the influence of revolutionary ideas, began to believe that only Marxism could save China. In November of that year, he joined the revolution with the Qingdao Working Committee of the Communist Party and became a member of the City Workers' Team of the Social Department of the Jiaodong Military Region Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army.
He honorably joined the Communist Party of China in October 1945.
Some people don't understand what the Ministry of Social Affairs is doing, but Li Kenong, known as the "King of Secret Agents" of the Communist Party of China, is the Minister of Social Affairs of the Communist Party of China.
Wu Rongsen actively worked in the Ministry of Social Affairs and gradually grew into an excellent underground intelligence officer who worked in the core areas of the enemy for a long time.
In October 1946, due to the betrayal of traitors, Wu Rongsen was hunted down by the enemy, and for the sake of safety, he had to withdraw to the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and participate in the study of secret electricity in the special training base Ofomajiapo.
Because Wu Rongsen was very sensitive to numbers, Zhang Liao, secretary of the city's special branch, suggested that Wu Rongsen study radio technology in depth to prepare for breaking into the enemy's interior again in the future.
One day in March 1947, Song Zicheng, the secretary of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, transferred Wu Rongsen back and put him in charge of the standardized management of the underground organization, so as to penetrate into the enemy's interior and carry out the work.
Wu Rongsen reorganized an intelligence group, of which Dong Zhaowen broke into the Kuomintang naval shipyard, Xu Baoguang organized a social intelligence group, and Wu Rongsen himself successfully entered the receiving place of the Kuomintang Navy Second Base Headquarters.
At this time, when there was a radio communication night school enrollment in the "Youth Association" on Zhejiang Road, Wu Rongsen took advantage of this legal opportunity to register, mastered the telecommunications technology, and reached the level of first-class telegraph operators.
Before the end of the year, the intelligence group at the receiving department of the Kuomintang Navy's Second Base Headquarters, to which Wu Rongsen belonged, obtained a monthly change of the Kuomintang Navy's dynamics in Qingdao and all the Navy's radio call signs through countermeasures.
With this change table, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee can monitor the movements of the ships of the Kuomintang Qingdao Naval Base. But how to decipher the enemy's code, this requires a naval codebook.
Nationalist naval vessels
However, the cipher thing is top secret in any camp, and it is extremely tightly controlled, and only the captain and the telecommunications officer can contact each warship, and no one else is allowed to look at it.
At each time of change, only the captain and confidential secretary can go to the commander's confidential room to collect it.
In order to obtain the codebook, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee took advantage of its connections in the Navy to insert Wu Rongsen into the Kuomintang Navy's "Chao'an Ship" and served as a confidential secretary. However, the "Chao'an ship" belonged to the ships handed over to the Kuomintang after Japan's defeat in the war, and it was broken and small, and there was no radio station at all, so there was no way to get the codebook.
If you want to get the codebook, you must become the captain and the telecommunications officer, the captain position should not be thought of, this goal is too big, it is too difficult to obtain, and the telecommunications officer is different, this is the lieutenant officer, as long as you know how to receive telegrams, have relevant qualifications.
If you want to get the password, you must get the position of telecommunications officer. Through inquiring, the party organization and Wu Rongsen locked their eyes on Xie Mazi, a personnel staff officer of the Qingdao Naval Command.
Coincidentally, when Wu Rongsen was in the telecommunications study class, one of his classmates was Xie Mazi's son, in order to close the relationship with Xie Mazi, Wu Rongsen often brought gifts to Xie Mazi's home to visit, the time was long, and the relationship was also close.
At the same time, Wu Rongsen also entrusted his classmates with a kind word and recommended himself to Xie Mazi as a telecommunications officer. However, although the position of telecommunications officer was not high, it was extremely important, and Xie Mazi did not dare to easily agree.
The party organization also used the relationship between Zhang Zhennan, a Kuomintang officer, to ask Zhang Zhennan to mention in front of Xie Mazi that Wu Rongsen knew telecommunications technology and was a seedling who was a telecommunications officer, and recommended him to be a telecommunications officer.
Once, Wu Rongsen learned that Xie Mazi's wife wanted a gold bracelet, but Xie Mazi could not afford it. Wu Rongsen asked his brother-in-law Yu Qi, who was doing business, to sponsor him, and went to the silver building to give Mrs. Xie a yang carved gold bracelet, and Mrs. Xie especially liked it and has been helping Wu Rongsen blow pillow wind.
In this way, Xie Mazi helped Wu Rongsen obtain the position of lieutenant telecommunications officer of the Chao'an ship.
After becoming a telecommunications officer, Wu Rongsen disguised himself as a young and gold-rich officer, often inviting the secretaries of the headquarters to eat and have fun, and soon mingled with them, thus gaining their trust, to the point where they could read documents at will in the office.
Once, in the secretary's office, he found a document from the Ministry of Defense asking the "three services" of the navy, army and air force to change the new password, and he knew that this was an excellent opportunity, so he tried to use this opportunity to obtain the password.
Through inquiring, it was learned that the "Lushan Ship" needed to enter the dock for major repairs in recent days, and that the captain was timid and afraid of things, afraid of what would happen when repairing the ship, and the radio station did not have to work, so he did not allow the confidential secretary to go to the headquarters to get the codebook, which gave Wu Rongsen the opportunity.
How do you get this codebook in hand, coercing the confidential staff of the confidential room? That's too risky! When he was trying to figure out a way, he learned a piece of news from the secretariat that Liu Guohua, the confidential secretary of the "Lushan warship," turned out to be his distant relative.
Wu Rongsen's family is an intellectual family, the family has some money, Liu Guohua's family is his distant relatives, Wu Rongsen was a child, Liu Guohua's mother also worked as a nanny in Wu Rongsen's family for a period of time. Wu Rongsen took this opportunity to ask his mother to invite Liu Guohua's family to the house for dinner.
Liu Guohua's family gladly went to the appointment, and after drinking and eating, the enthusiastic Wu Rongsen accompanied Liu Guohua in a chat, and also deliberately introduced the topic to the Kuomintang corruption, Liu Guohua drank red-eyed, scolded the Kuomintang incessantly, scolded the Kuomintang officials for corruption, scolded the shangguan for seeing money and open eyes, and there was no way out for people like him who had no money and were honest.
The two had a good conversation, and Wu Rongsen said to him: "The Kuomintang was completely defeated and retreated, and a city as big as Jinan was attacked by Su Yu in just a few days, and even Wang Yaowu, the commander-in-chief, was taken prisoner, and the Kuomintang government could not last much time, and it had to find a way to contact the Communists, no matter who was in charge of the world, the brethren also had food to eat." ”
Liu Guohua obeyed and listened, knowing that Wu Rongsen had a way, so he asked Wu Rongsen to find a way for himself and deliver a letter to the Communist Party in advance, so as to protect the family, young and old, from the pain of war.
Kuomintang "Lushan Ship"
Under Wu Rongsen's deliberate struggle, he not only persuaded Liu Guohua to have the intention of defecting to the Communist Party, but also clearly understood the big and small things on the "Lushan Ship."
Within two days, Wu Rongsen went to the "Lushan Warship" to find Liu Guohua, and he said to Liu Guohua: "I have finished the things you entrusted me to do that day at dinner, and I promised that as long as you return to the embrace of the people, you will not be blamed for the previous events, and you also promised to send your family to the Liberated Areas." ”
Liu Guohua was overjoyed and quickly praised Wu Rongsen's ability and the broad-mindedness of the Communist Party.
Wu Rongsen said again: "I have already done your request, and there is also a small help over there that needs your help?" ”
"How can I help?" Liu Guohua was puzzled.
"I need you to open a letter of introduction!"
When Liu Guohua learned that Wu Rongsen wanted to go to the Naval Headquarters to get the introduction letter of the new code, Liu Guohua's face suddenly turned pale, and the beads of sweat fell down one by one.
Seeing Liu Guohua hesitating, Wu Rongsen suddenly took out a pistol from his arms and threw it on the table in front of Liu Guohua, he said: "I am an underground party member of the CPC, you probably have already guessed it, brother, if you think about it carefully, it will definitely be the world of the Communist Party in the future. ”
Liu Guohua's face was cloudy and uncertain, and suddenly his look changed, and he no longer hesitated, saying: "Brother Wu, for the sake of his wife, children, and mother to live a good life, I did this!" ”
Before the overhaul of the "Lushan Warship," Liu Guohua secretly imitated the captain's tone, issued a letter of introduction, stamped the captain's seal, and walked into the confidential room of the naval headquarters with Wu Rongsen.
Took away the Kuomintang's "Army Confidential Code", "Air Force Confidential Code" and "Naval Confidential Code".
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek wondered why the Communist Party could repeatedly decipher the "three services" codebook of the Kuomintang's top-secret telegrams, and it easily reached the hands of the Central Military Commission. Soon after, lu Xiucheng, a traffic officer, returned to Qingdao and conveyed the commendation order of his superiors to the party committee of Jiaodong District.
These three sets of codebooks made great contributions to the upcoming Liaoshen Campaign and to the victory of the Communist commanders in the battle, and Wu Rongsen also made great contributions to it.
Password book
Second, set up an "underground radio station" to fight in the heart of the enemy
At the beginning of November 1948, Wu Rongsen had successfully completed the task of "outwitting" the code, and in accordance with the instructions of the municipal party committee, he took Liu Guohua from the enemy ship to the underground, and also took away the drawings of the "Lushan ship" and the turbine rotation grade table. The warship could not drive away, so angry that the Nationalist naval command ordered the two to be pursued and killed.
After going underground, Wu Rongsen received a new task, and dispatched Huang Zhenyuan and Xu Baoguang to set up an "underground radio group," with Wu Rongsen as the leader of the group, responsible for the preparation of the radio station, and preparing to send telegrams to the organ radio stations in the Liberated Areas.
After careful discussion by the municipal party committee, wu Rongsen lived in a large courtyard with a mixed population and a pseudo-baochang who was not suitable for building a station, so he set up the radio station in the home of his brother-in-law Yu Qi at No. 20 Jiaodong Road.
Wu Rongsen's eldest sister's family of more than a dozen people risked their lives, resolutely accepted this task, and also prepared a room upstairs for Wu Rongsen to set up a radio station, and promised to supply funds at any time.
The enemy has particularly strict control over equipment such as receivers and transmitters, especially radio communication equipment that can be used both for military purposes and civilian use, and although it can be bought, it is monitored by the enemy, and a bad one will be exposed.
In order to avoid trouble, Wu Rongsen found another way, every Sunday in the US military barracks, there are always big soldiers who steal something to sell, everything, of course, there are radio equipment, where the procurement is relatively safe.
Wu Rongsen always went to the market on Sundays to go around, encountered useful devices to buy, after a long time, even let him buy enough equipment for several radios, after countless experiments, burned a lot of parts, Wu Rongsen successfully assembled a simple structure of crystal oscillation transmitter.
After the establishment of the radio station, Wu Rongsen's group received instructions from its superiors to manage the radio station address as top-secret information, to send only information, not to talk about work, and to transfer everything by political traffic.
In order to facilitate the work, the radio team also bought a highly efficient 20R receiver from Zou Honghui, the small owner of huida cold food store, for a small yellow fish and 20 US dollars.
At the end of 1948, the Liaoshen Campaign was a great victory, the Chinese People's Liberation Army had begun a comprehensive counteroffensive, the defeat of the Kuomintang was only a matter of time, the entire territory of Shandong except Qingdao had been liberated, and the defending enemy was panicked and ready to withdraw.
When it was discovered that the Qingdao defenders had signs of a planned retreat, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee ordered the underground radio stations to begin to be activated, and with the help of Lu Xuzhu and Mou Junzhang, radio operators of the organs of the Liberated Areas, Wu Rongsen, a novice, finally really learned the business of air communications and sent a large amount of information to the radio stations of the organs in the Liberated Areas.
Wu Rongsen (front row, first from right) is a member of the underground radio group
In order to protect the safety of the radio station, the municipal party committee instructed all business and underground workers who had ties with Wu Rongsen to sever ties, and at the same time to withdraw personnel who had little to do with intelligence work to the municipal party committee.
Before the Spring Festival in 1949, Wu Rongsen went to the municipal party committee to report on the work of the radio station, and Wu Ruoyan, director of the United Front Work Department of the Jiaodong District Party Committee, introduced: "After the Jiaoji Railway was cut off by the People's Liberation Army, coal and other materials could not be transported into Qingdao, and there would be intermittent power outages, and Wu Rongsen was asked to solve the problem of electricity consumption of the radio immediately after he returned. ”
In addition, Minister Wu Ruoyan also advised Wu Rongsen to pay attention to safety, because the Kuomintang had sent radio reconnaissance troops to Qingdao in order to prevent and control underground radio stations, and the situation of underground radio stations would become more and more difficult, and their lives would be in danger at any time.
The war situation surprised Wu Rongsen and developed particularly rapidly, and the Kuomintang had collapsed into an army and was arresting Zhuang Ding everywhere. In order to ensure the safety of the information reception, Wu Rongsen decided to let the two girls in the group, Huang Weimin and Xu Cheng, the sisters of Huang and Xu, take over the traffic task.
Don't look at the young age of these two girls, but they are bold and careful, insisting on connecting with the intelligence organization of the district party committee every day and fighting until the liberation of Qingdao.
Of course, before the liberation of Qingdao, the Kuomintang also carried out a final struggle, they stepped up the investigation and control of the radio station, and soon after communicating with Minister Wu, the Kuomintang agents suddenly searched and confiscated all the more than two dozen legal radio stations in the city, the purpose of which was self-evident, just to check the underground radio station.
In order to avoid the pursuit of secret agents, Wu Rongsen and others not only modified the antenna of the transmitter into the canopy, but also set up two additional preparatory stations to prevent unexpected situations.
Since the linkage with the Jiaodong District Radio, the workload has suddenly increased, several radio stations and groups under the Jiaodong District have penetrated into the core departments of the Kuomintang, and more and more intelligence has been obtained, and Wu Rongsen's group often works all night, working under high pressure and tension for several consecutive days, making Wu Rongsen tired and vomiting blood, and his body is becoming emaciated.
However, the dawn of liberation is getting closer and closer, and Wu Rongsen's group is getting more and more energetic. Because every time he saw a telegram, he knew which group had come to the intelligence, as if he had met with these comrades-in-arms, and his heart was extremely excited.
One day at the end of April 1949, the People's Liberation Army had already launched a large-scale pressure on the border, and senior Kuomintang officials in Qingdao fled south one after another, but the abnormal phenomenon of some landlords and homecoming regiments made Wu Rongsen vigilant.
Late one night, when Wu Rongsen was nervously sending a report, there was a sudden noise in the courtyard, and Wu Rongsen and his sister immediately dismantled the machine and burned the telegram manuscript, ready to meet the unknown danger, but then there was no sound.
Although this time it was fine, Wu Rongsen's group raised the vigilance to the highest level.
transmitter
In May 1949, the Kuomintang already knew that they could not defend Qingdao, they frantically slaughtered the Communist Party and suspects, and the bodies of those who were shot and killed were floating around the sea, and Wu Rongsen was very sad, he knew that many comrades-in-arms unfortunately died on the eve of dawn.
The enemy did not spare the underground radio station, and in addition to the non-stop dispatch of radio reconnaissance vehicles, they also disguised themselves as organ radio stations in the Liberated Areas and called codes to Wu Rongsen Radio.
Wu Rongsen felt very strange, is the organ radio worked in advance, no, Wu Rongsen woke up violently, this must be the enemy's trick, they want to impersonate the organ radio, find out the specific location of Wu Rongsen's radio, as long as Wu Rongsen responds, he will soon be caught by the enemy.
Wu Rongsen waited patiently, and after a while, a familiar radio trick called him, and the enemy stopped calling. He knew that the enemy would not give up and would call him again.
Sure enough, the next night, Wu Rongsen turned on the machine on time, and heard the enemy's radio calling him over and over again, and he strictly enforced discipline and did not answer, but Wu Rongsen knew that the enemy had checked his frequency of reporting and would soon find him.
In addition to luring him back to call back, the enemy also used equipment to interfere with radio signals, and many times the station and his communications were greatly affected, the time for sending and receiving reports was greatly extended, and the danger of exposure to the enemy's monitoring vehicles was also increasing. Once, the sound of the enemy's monitoring cars was on the road outside the courtyard, and they had already measured the location of the radio station, and the situation was very critical.
Wu Rongsen quickly asked Xu Baoguang to take the weapon, and at the same time woke up his brother and sister and prepared for battle. Wu Rongsen stood behind the gate with a pistol, and as long as the enemy attacked, he counterattacked, but after the enemy's car turned around here twice, it suddenly drove away, and after a period of nervousness, the enemy was relieved.
On May 23, Wu Rongsen called an emergency meeting of the group, and the enemy went from imitating the mechanism station and radio interference to detecting the direction of the radio station, and reached the location of the station, which was a very dangerous signal, and as soon as the next report was issued, the enemy would act to arrest them.
The situation was clear and it was decided to stop the reporting. However, in the evening, the female traffic officer received a particularly important piece of information, which was Chiang Kai-shek's handwriting:
"The order for the evacuation of Qingdao on May 25 was changed to June 2."
This information is related to the combat plan of the troops, and it cannot be delayed for a moment, and if the enemy does not withdraw, it will cause great losses to the siege troops, and it should be reported immediately.
However, sending a report means that Wu Rongsen is likely to fall before dawn, and the enemy has accurately found their location, just waiting for Wu Rongsen to send a report.
However, Wu Rongsen could not watch the troops suffer heavy losses, and he made up his mind that even if he sacrificed, he would send out the information tonight.
Wu Rongsen ordered the rest of the group to move, and they all disagreed with Wu Rongsen's telegram, and later saw That Wu Rongsen, with his determination to sacrifice, prepared to go to the second station site to send a telegram, and then moved with tears.
In the early morning of May 24, 1949, Wu Rongsen quietly waited for the time to start the machine, he knew that the enemy must wait for him, he had just started the machine, he heard a sound of cheering, the enemy was interfering with him again.
After contacting the organ desk, After Wu Rongsen sent a message that was quickly recorded, he typed the telegram word by word, and the usual dozens of words of the telegram were finished in three or five minutes, but this time it lasted more than 20 minutes, and the enemy's harassment was really too severe!
Wu Rongsen had already heard the enemy's car motor, still calmly asked the organ desk to copy the report, and after the organ desk's reply had been recorded, Wu Rongsen quickly shut down the machine, hid the machine, burned the newspaper manuscript and the password copy, picked up the submachine gun and decided to fight the enemy to the death.
Wu Rongsen (rear left) poses with radio personnel of the United Front Work Department of the Jiaodong District CPC Committee
As soon as the fire was extinguished, the enemy's searchlight hit here. However, what makes people puzzled is that the enemy still did not search door to door this time, Wu Rongsen did not know what was going on, perhaps the enemy felt that the liberation of Qingdao was imminent, and there was less to do.
At the end of May 1949, Wu Rongsen and the members of the group moved the radio station to the second alternate location, insisting on sending reports every day, groups of red radio waves swirling over Qingdao, and the hungry wolves who searched for the underground radio also fled in fright, Wu Rongsen and his comrades-in-arms waited for the arrival of the People's Liberation Army.
At 10:00 a.m. on June 2, 1949, Wu Rongsen received a call from a superior radio station:
"The troops have entered the city, your station has successfully completed the task, 135 please shut down, see you in the city."
Wu Rongsen's group gloriously completed the victory of this radio battle, and Qingdao also ushered in liberation.
After liberation, Wu Rongsen then served as a section member of the Political Protection Department of the Qingdao Municipal Public Security Bureau, a member of the Organization Section of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, and a deputy director of the Qingdao Semiconductor Research Institute.
Director of Qingdao Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Seawater Resources
and other positions, continue to serve the people in ordinary posts.
On September 10, 2018, Comrade Wu Rongsen died in Qingdao due to illness at the age of 91.
With this article, I would like to pay tribute to Comrade Wu Rongsen and pay the highest respect to the countless heroes who fought on the hidden front!
Where there are some years of quiet, but some people carry the weight for us, without them, there would be no birth of a new China!!!