When it comes to Chinese porcelain, the first thing that comes to mind is blue and white porcelain. The emergence of blue and white porcelain is an important symbol in the development stage of Chinese porcelain from white porcelain to colored porcelain. It is the most successful representative of underglaze color and is the most prestigious "national porcelain" in China.
The original blue and white porcelain was founded in the Tang Dynasty, and the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty, and the blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty became the mainstream of porcelain, and the development reached its peak during the Qing Kangxi Dynasty. The real development of blue and white porcelain was in the Yuan Empire period, all ceramic systems were leading the way, but the emergence of Yuan Qinghua unified the country and the country, and the king came to the world.
The emergence of Yuan Qinghua has established the hegemonic status of Qinghua and established the status of the porcelain capital of Jingdezhen, which cannot be shaken for seven hundred years. The blue and white porcelain produced in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty marks the maturity of its production process, and industry insiders refer to it as "Yuan Qinghua". Its porcelain white is green in color, and its flowers are verdant, which is an elegant and quiet "treasure on earth".
The unique artistic value, rising economic value and little circulation of Yuan Qinghua have made it a superstar in the ceramic industry. Why is Yuan Qinghua so precious?
First, the source of pigments
Yuan Qinghua pigment, with Su Ma Liqing is the most wonderful, which is an extremely pure and outstanding personality pigment, with it depicted blue and white porcelain, because of its distinctive, generous, dashing, three-dimensional sense and many other advantages and much more loved.
Su Ma Li Qing Ben is a mineral cobalt material unique to ancient Persia. (One is said to have been produced in the Samara region of present-day Iraq; the other said it was produced in the mountains of the village of Ghhammasa, 400 kilometers south of Tehran, Iran.) ）
Unfortunately, this material is too rare and precious, and it has disappeared from the Yuan Dynasty to the First Year to the Ming Dynasty after Xuande, and now, only the abandoned caves abandoned after mining at that time can be seen.
Soups and tombs were unearthed
Blue and white tangled peony pattern lid jar
From the Yuan Dynasty to the Zheng Dynasty, Su Ma traveled thousands of miles to China, and the hardships in it are unimaginable. If it were not for the Yuan Dynasty's vigorous expansion of territory and the expansion of its sphere of influence to ancient Persia, Su Ma Liqing would not have been discovered at all, and there would be no so-called Yuan Qinghua.
Such a rare pigment was naturally regarded as a treasure by the producers and magnates of the time, and was specially used for the depiction of blue and white porcelain of different sizes in the official kiln. Among them, large utensils, such as large jars and large plum bottles, show the most beautiful features.
Mu Ying's tomb was unearthed
Qinghua Xiao He Yue chased after Han Xinwen plum bottle
Due to the different production conditions at that time, there was a problem that the content of Su Ma away from the green material in the pigment was more or less. That is, some utensils use more, then thicker; some utensils use less, then lighter; or mixed with domestic materials in Su Ma away from the green material, or thick or light, this is the later cause of the color of yuan blue and white porcelain varied, almost no two of the same reasons.
Ming Yongle's tomb was excavated in the sixteenth year of Ye's tomb
Blue lotus pond mandarin duck pattern bowl
Collection of Nanjing Municipal Museum
Second, artistic value
The main color of the yuan blue flower is mainly blue and white, which is mainly influenced by Persian culture. Because the Mongols like white and blue, and blue is the main color of Islamic culture.
At the beginning of the 13th century, a large number of Arabs, Persians and Turks who revered Islamic culture entered China, including craftsmen, astronomers and medical scientists, who brought western culture.
After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of Muslim intellectuals and merchants came to China through the Silk Road. Chinese craftsmen, influenced by Western culture, began to paint traditional Chinese patterns on porcelain tires with blue and white raw materials, firing pleasing blue and white porcelain, creating a precedent for a generation of Chinese aesthetics.
Collection of Hubei Provincial Museum
Blue and white four love tu plum vase
There are many themes of Yuan Qinghua, unlike other porcelain that mostly show birds and animals, flowers, insects and fish, and in the later period of Yuan Qinghua, a large number of works with dramatic stories were published.
There are basically two reasons for this: one is that Yuan Qinghua was influenced by Yuanqu and novels, and the other is because in the late Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was stationed in Jingdezhen for a long time, and his preference for war and character themes affected Yuan Qinghua.
Yuan Qinghua Ghost Valley Down the Mountain Map Jar
Yuan Qinghua is an epoch-making work, which is fundamentally different from the ceramics of the Tang and Song dynasties. It makes the transition of Chinese ceramics from plain porcelain to colored porcelain, and its rich painting art gives Chinese ceramics a decorative function.
Yuan Qinghua is worth a lot of money for the above reasons, and more importantly, its own craftsmanship has reached the peak level. Whether it is color, painting art or quality, it is the best work in blue and white porcelain. Its majestic and robust shape, full of tension ornaments, rich and deep blue and white hair color, and the domineering atmosphere that permeate the whole body strongly shock everyone who loves yuan qinghua.
Blue and white "General Mengtian" jade pot spring bottle
Collection of Hunan Provincial Museum
3. Existence
One of the reasons why Yuan Qinghua is so precious is that it is extremely rare in existence. The Izumitsu Museum of Art in Tokyo has the "Shōgun Out of the Plug" blue and white jar, the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, the United States has the "Wei Chi Gong Savior" blue and white pot, the Osaka Mano Museum of Art in Japan has the "Hundred Flowers Pavilion" blue and white pot, and the British Railway Foundation has the "Kinka pavilion" blue and white pot. Sotheby's 1996 auction of "Three Gu Maolu" blue and white jars, "West Chamber" blue and white jars, and "Fine Willow Camp" blue and white jars are all private collections.
Most of the yuanqinghua treasures are also hidden in the exotic deep palace thousands of miles away from China. The reason for this is that in the mid-14th century and later, the yuanqinghua was transported to West Asia, South Africa, Europe and Southeast Asia through trade channels, so at present, the yuanqinghua in the world is fixed in several places and has never been scattered.
Blue and white cloud shoulder double dragon play beads four series flat square pot
Collection of the Izumitsu Museum of Art, Japan
There are only 300 authentic Yuanqinghua in the world, and the Yuanqinghua jars with figures are even more scarce, and there are less than 10 in the world, all hidden in museums and private hands. The Forbidden City in Beijing, the "Forbidden City" in Taipei, and even all the museums in the country do not have a single YuanQinghua character jar, which shows its rarity.
Many well-known, the world is recognized by the academic circles, the collection of yuan qinghua complete ware only three or four hundred pieces, of which representative fine products, the estimated value of more than 100 million. The yuanqinghua complete instrument is worth a lot, often more than 100 million, which has a lot to do with the rarity of its existence.
Yuan Qinghua's own craftsmanship has reached the peak of the level, whether it is color, painting art, quality, is the best in blue and white porcelain, its majestic and robust shape, full of tension ornamentation, rich and deep blue and white hair color, the whole body emitted by the majestic atmosphere, strongly shocked every Yuan Qinghua lover.
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