The first great peasant uprising in history was the Dazexiang uprising at the end of Qin, led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, because of its special significance, became a model of peasant uprising in later generations, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang put forward the slogan of "Wang Hou will have a kind of Hu", and ignited the blowout of the peasant uprising in the whole world at the end of Qin, and finally the rebel army led by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu destroyed the Qin Dynasty. However, the uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, who was the first righteous, lasted only one year before it was destroyed, and the final results of the uprising were seized by Liu Bang, who successfully revolted and established the Western Han dynasty.
After the establishment of the new dynasty, it has been accompanied by small-scale uprisings, but not climate, until the outbreak of the Green Forest Uprising, the Green Forest Uprising is the largest and earliest peasant uprising at the end of the New Dynasty, which occurred in Jingshan City, Hubei Province, led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, the Green Forest Uprising ignited the wave of the peasant uprising at the end of the New Dynasty, a year later, the Chimei Army also began to revolt, the Green Forest Army and the Chimei Army jointly destroyed the New Dynasty, but in the end the regime fell into the hands of Liu Xiu, Liu Xiu also defected to the Green Forest Army, but finally established the Eastern Han Dynasty by relying on his own strength.
Chen Sheng wu guang revolted
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a huge Scale Yellow Turban Uprising, the entire thirteen states of the world, there were eight states of the Yellow Turban Uprising, the Yellow Turban Army participated in the uprising a total of 36 parties, about a million people, according to the scale, the Yellow Turban Uprising was the largest number of participants in the ancient peasant uprising, but the Eastern Han Government Army only took ten months to quell the Yellow Turban Uprising.
In the last year of the Sui Dynasty, due to the Sui Emperor's violent conquest, a series of peasant uprisings were triggered, the earliest to launch the uprising was a Shandong man named Wang Bo, and soon the uprising developed greatly, gathering more than 100,000 people, but Wang Bo was still defeated by the Sui army general Zhang Sutuo, Wang Bo later created Yu culture and, and then betrayed Yu culture and defected to Dou Jiande, and finally defected to the Tang Dynasty, and was killed by the enemy family.
After that, the three most powerful forces in the late Sui Rebellion were the Wagang Army, Dou Jiande Army, and Du Fuwei Army, and eventually these three forces declined one after another, and the Tang Dynasty established by Li Yuan rose and unified the world.
Yellow Turban Uprising
In the last year of the Tang Dynasty, first in the Zhejiang area, there was a peasant uprising led by the private salt merchant Qiu Fu, seven months later the uprising failed, and a few years later, because of the problem of Guilin's defense, there was a Pang Xun uprising, which lasted for a year and ended in failure, and then there was the uprising launched by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao in the Shandong region, and the real destabilization of the Tang Dynasty was the uprising of Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao, and the Huangchao uprising even broke through the Tang Dynasty capital Chang'an, but ultimately failed.
Huang Chao had a general named Zhu Wen who defected to the Tang army and gradually grew in a series of wars, Zhu Wen became the one who picked up the fruits of the victory of the peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the Later Liang regime he established replaced the Tang Dynasty, and history entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, zhu Wen succeeded on the basis of the failure of the first four uprisings.
In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, the first to launch uprisings were some small peasant uprisings, including the uprisings of Zhao Ugly and Guo Bodhisattva in Henan, zhu Guangqing and Nie Xiuqing in Guangdong, and Peng Yingyu and Zhou Ziwang in Jiangxi.
Yellow Nest Uprising
It was not until the outbreak of the Red Turban Rebellion that the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was completely shaken and destroyed, and then a situation of division between Han Lin'er, Liu Futong, Xu Shouhui, Zhang Shicheng, Zhu Yuanzhang and others was formed, and finally only Zhu Yuanzhang laughed to the end, unified the world, and established the Ming Dynasty.
Judging from these peasant uprisings in history, almost all of the uprisings, the first person to launch the uprising did not succeed, and the final success was followed by the people who launched the uprising, so it can be seen that the success was not early in time, but came by chance, so the question is, why can't the first person who revolt succeeds?
The first reason is that the gun shoots the head bird, and the first forces of the uprising often face strong blows from the old forces.
After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, their general Zhou Wen once attacked Hangu Pass and approached Xianyang, which made the Qin Dynasty very panicked, Qin II sent Zhang Handan to lead the prisoners and the Qin army to put the main force of the attack on Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, Zhang Handan defeated Zhou Wen, and chased Zhou Wen until he killed Zhou Wen, and then began to deal with Chen Sheng, also chasing Chen Sheng, until Chen Sheng was killed, and Wu Guang was killed by the generals within the rebel army.
The Red Turban Army revolted
The same was true of the Green Army and Chimei at the end of the New Dynasty, the difference was that the Green Forest Army and the Chimei Army defeated the army of the New Dynasty, the Green Forest Army defeated the main force of Wang Mang's army in the Battle of Kunyang, Liu Xiu also belonged to the Green Forest Army at that time, and commanded the battle, and the army used by the New Dynasty to attack the Chimei Army was also defeated, the Green Forest Army also attacked Guanzhong and established the emperor, and then the Chimei Army and the Green Forest Army fought, during which Liu Xiu established his own forces in Hebei and successfully avoided a series of early wars, and finally Liu Xiu defeated The Green Forest and Chimei , unified the world.
The Yellow Turban Uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a direct face-to-face confrontation between the peasant army and the Eastern Han government army, although the Eastern Han Dynasty declined, but the combat effectiveness of its army still existed, in the process of quelling the Yellow Turban Uprising, the Eastern Han government army almost won more with less, the Eastern Han Dynasty spent all its resources on fighting the Yellow Turban Army, the skinny camel was bigger than the horse, and the Yellow Turban Army was of course defeated.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Bo's uprising directly led to the attack of the Sui Dynasty army, although the world was in chaos, the Sui army still had some combat effectiveness, but it only lost the hearts of the people, Wang Bo although the number was more than the Sui army, but still could not defeat the Sui army, so it failed and surrendered to other forces, with the development of the situation, Wang Bo turned around, the whole world of the uprising situation did not have anything to do with him, was divided by other powerful regimes.
The first to revolt became the head bird, facing the fiercest blows of the old regime
The most influential in the last years of the Tang Dynasty was the revolt between Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao, although it shook the rule of the Tang Dynasty and once invaded Chang'an, but the Tang Dynasty still gathered all the remnants of the forces to counterattack, once defeated and killed huang chao, huang chao made the first bird, facing the counterattack of the last forces of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao died, the Tang Dynasty was basically controlled by Zhu Wen, and then Zhu Wen changed dynasties.
The same was true in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, first various uprisings confronted the main force of the Yuan army, and in the later period, the Red Turban Army and the White Lotus Sect became the main force against the Yuan army, consuming a lot of resources of the Yuan army, while Zhu Yuanzhang was divided into one side, quietly waiting for the development of the situation, and when the parties fought almost the same, Zhu Yuanzhang's forces began to march south and fight in the north, defeated various separatist forces, and successfully established political power.
Judging from these examples, all the forces of the first uprising have become the first birds, encountering the fierce counterattack of the remnants of the old regime, although the strength of the old regime has not been greatly reduced, but they are not willing to withdraw from the stage of history, they will certainly use all their strength to eliminate the uprising, most of the forces of the first uprising are wiped out in this class, even if they are lucky enough to escape the blows of the old regime, they will perish in the firefight between the various rebel armies that occurred later.
The correctness of the strategy affects success
The second reason is that it is a strategic mistake.
Whether a team or a regime can succeed is most importantly whether the strategy is correct, and many of the first uprising forces do not have the right strategy, so they will fail.
For example, Chen Sheng and Wu Guangda rebelled, when they did not completely capture the original Six Kingdoms region, they began to rush to attack Guanzhong, Chen Sheng sent Zhou Wen to attack Guanzhong, and did not give him many people and horses, Zhou Wen's men and horses were temporarily recruited on the road, so they put together an army to attack Guanzhong, completely with a lot of enthusiasm, the reason why it went smoothly was because they did not meet the main force of the Qin army, after the uprising, Zhao Gao hid the uprising from Qin II, so the Qin army did not actively fight the uprising, which was also a reason for the growth of the uprising.
When the Qin state really began to pay attention, it began to exert strong combat effectiveness, all the way to fight the rebel army defeated one after another, the army led by Zhang Handan defeated all the rebel armies south of the Yellow River, showing strong combat effectiveness, so Chen Sheng's strategy of destroying Qin was too simple, or regarded the Qin Dynasty as vulnerable, in fact, the Qin Dynasty was not so unbearable, which was the main reason for Chen Sheng's failure.
Zhang Handan pacified all the rebel armies south of the Yellow River
The Green Forest and Chimei Uprising was also a strategic mistake, the Green Forest Army let go of Liu Xiu, a strong enemy, after entering Guanzhong, it only knew pleasure, did not understand governance at all, it was easy to fight the world and it was difficult to govern the world, the Green Forest Army did not correctly treat the requirements of the Chimei Army, resulting in a firefight between the two armies, Chimei defeated The Green Forest, sitting in Guanzhong, but Chimei was even more brutal, did not understand governance, only knew plunder, and ultimately failed.
The defeat of the Yellow Turban Army also has strategic reasons, the Yellow Turban Army was originally an army composed of peasants, the combat experience is not rich, but it is bent on fighting with the Eastern Han Army to attack and defend the city, the two sides are engaged in frontal combat, the Eastern Han Army is after all most of the professional army, the Yellow Turban Army is far behind the Eastern Han Army militarily, compared with the Eastern Han Army, it is very far away, if they abandon the city and divide in the mountains, it will be difficult to fight, the Yellow Turban Army chose the wrong strategy, so it will fail.
For example, in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, only Zhu Yuanzhang had a clear strategy, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the strategy of "building a high wall, accumulating grain, and slowly becoming king", did not rush to participate in the war, but accumulated strength on the side, recuperated, and paid attention to the situation under the world at any time, so that other forces could fight first, and then go out to destroy, so Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded.
Zhu Yuanzhang was successful because he had the right strategy
Many times the peasant uprisings had certain limitations, and the first forces to launch the uprisings were often unable to formulate the correct strategy, and under the guidance of the wrong strategy, they fought a wrong war, and eventually consumed their own strength and were picked up by later generations to reap the fruits of victory.
The third reason is that it is necessary to know and employ people.
Man is the primary productive force, and in all human activities, talent is the root cause, including war. Chen Sheng sent Wuchen to attack Zhao Di, Wuchen separated from Chen Sheng and established himself as the King of Zhao, Chen Sheng had to accept reality, Wuchen sent Han Guang to attack Yandi, Han Guang had to learn from Himself as the King of Yan, Han Guang had to learn from himself, wuchen had to accept the reality, he broke away from Wuchen and established himself as the King of Yan, and Wuchen also had to accept reality, and the rebel army split step by step, fighting for each other, the main reason was that Chen Sheng did not have the ability to control his men.
Liu Bang is different, Liu Bang used a lot of people, but also can control his subordinates, such as Han Xin, Han Xin is a military genius, Liu Bang is of course afraid that Han Xin will break away from himself, but Liu Bang has the means to control Han Xin, the main generals and soldiers under Han Xin are Liu Bang's cronies, Liu Bang and Xiahou Baby can seize Han Xin's military power when they enter the Han Xin military camp, indicating that the people in the Han Xin military camp know Liu Bang and obey Liu Bang, although the military camp is so good to enter? Especially in Han Xin's military camp, people's rule of the army is a strong point.
Liu Xiu, like Liu Bang, knows how to use people
Looking at the last years of the new dynasty, only Liu Xiu was the most able to recognize and employ people, he sat in the rear, the generals on the front line led the army to fight, but they could always be loyal to Liu Xiu, but Lu Lin and Chimei could not do it, Liu Xiu had Yuntai twenty-eight under him who would be loyal to him, most of these people were talents that Liu Xiu recognized and reused, and if he could not do this, he could not succeed.
Looking at Zhu Yuanzhang again, he not only has a proper strategy, but also his specialty in understanding and employing people, Zhu Yuanzhang's subordinates are full of talents, no less than Liu Bang at that time, There are Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Tang He, Wen has Liu Ji, Song Lian, Li Shanchang, even Zhu Yuanzhang himself is also a military and political genius, on the contrary, Zhu Yuanzhang's opponents cannot do this, so Zhu Yuanzhang can succeed.