In 1981, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found an ancient corpse of a Loulan maiden more than 3800 years old in Lop Nur in Xinjiang, the girl's eyes were closed, the corners of her mouth were raised, just like in sleep, a sweet smile appeared on her face, and later the poet Xi Murong also wrote a poignant poem of "Loulan Bride".
With the discovery of this female corpse, it soon caused a huge sensation, people in the attention to the girl at the same time, but also full of mysterious Loulan ancient country interested, after gradually understanding the Loulan ancient country, but found that the original country in our ancient poetry often appeared, many people are particularly curious, why the ancients so "hate" Loulan, in the end Loulan did something to the Central Plains?
The mystery of the ancient country of Loulan
According to historical records, the ancient state of Loulan was later renamed as the State of Shanshan, which belonged to an ancient state in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, one of the thirty-six kingdoms in the Western Regions, 6100 miles from Chang'an, a total of 1570 households, 14100 people, according to such data, Loulan Ancient Kingdom is basically not as large as a township now.
Shan Shanguo, whose real name is Lou Lan, Wang Zhi and Nicheng, go to Yangguan 1600 miles, go to Chang'an 6,100 miles. Fifteen hundred and seventy households, fourteen thousand one hundred mouths. - "The Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions"
Loulan's geographical location is very special, its east through Dunhuang, northwest to Weili, southwest to Ruoqiang, because of the existence of Loulan, the ancient Silk Road to Loulan after it was divided into north and south two roads, it can be said that Loulan is a transportation hub of the Silk Road, but Loulan national strength is weak, and is between the Xiongnu and the Han Empire, so before the Han Empire did not threaten Loulan, Loulan often played the role of a small follower of the Xiongnu, the Silk Road of the Han Empire and even the emissaries have a huge impact, the most serious time, Lou Landu had already begun to affect the vital interests of the Han Empire.
At this time, the Han Empire began to notice the existence of Loulan, and made an analysis of the key position of Loulan, as mentioned earlier, Loulan is at the junction of the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, if Loulan follows the Xiongnu, it will directly affect the Han Dynasty's attack on the Xiongnu, in the same way, once Loulan follows the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty can use the special geographical location of Loulan to attack the Xiongnu.
At the beginning, the Han Dynasty always maintained a soft policy towards Loulan, until Emperor Wudi of han finally planned to take some measures against Loulan in the third year of the Yuan Feng (109 BC) after careful consideration and analysis of the pros and cons, and at this time, the ancient kingdom of Loulan was still immersed in the joy of "Yelang arrogance", and they had no idea that there was such a powerful empire as the Han Dynasty in this world.
The Han Dynasty opened Lou Lan's eyes
Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhao Punu to lead 700 light horses to directly attack the Loulan capital City Gushi, capturing the King of Loulan on the spot, and then taking him to Chang'an, so that the King of Loulan could open his eyes. King Loulan played in Chang'an for a few days, and was instantly attracted by the bustling Chang'an, he understood at this time that there was still such a powerful country in the world, compared to the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were nothing at all, so after King Loulan returned to Loulan, he immediately adjusted his policy and sent protons to Emperor Wu of Han and the Xiongnu respectively, indicating that he was subordinate to two powerful forces.
Of course, in view of the fact that the Han Dynasty was too powerful at that time, King Loulan also witnessed the style of the Han Empire, so although Loulan was ostensibly subordinate to the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, in fact, Loulan in this period was more obedient to the arrangements of the Han Dynasty, and in this way, Loulan an guarded himself for several years, until Wei Qing and Huo went ill, which were the generals who beat the Xiongnu to find teeth, and Loulan began to agitate again.
With the death of Wei Qing and Huo Fuyi, Emperor Wu of Han fell into an embarrassing situation of no general available, so he suspended the military policy against the Xiongnu and maintained a peaceful coexistence situation for more than ten years, but after more than ten years of not teaching the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu began to itch their skin, and began to frequently appear on the border and the western region, not only affecting the normal operation of the Silk Road, but also began to kill Han envoys and stir up right and wrong.
King Loulan watched the Xiongnu bullying the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty did not fight back, mistakenly believing that in fact, the Han Dynasty was a strong foreign force, so the King of Loulan began to be restless again, continued to throw himself into the arms of the Xiongnu, and helped the Xiongnu to attack the Han, even Li Guangli, who was sent to the western expedition, was also attacked by Loulan and the Xiongnu, and suffered heavy losses.
Seeing that Lou Lan had lost himself a little, Emperor Wudi of Han planned to invite King Loulan to meet the world again, and King Loulan came to Chang'an again, revisited his hometown, and felt a thousand emotions, and when he was leaving, King Loulan cried and cried and said to Emperor Wu of Han: "Boss, our country is too small, we dare not offend the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and we will not be able to survive unless we fall on both sides." ”
Emperor Wu of Han looked at king Loulan and cried a lot, and then thought about the situation of Loulan, and indeed there was some pity, there was no excessive embarrassment to King Loulan, just told him to keep to himself in the future, don't compete with the Han Dynasty, King Loulan agreed to the request of Emperor Wudi of Han, and gradually alienated some Xiongnu after returning, maintaining stability for more than ten years.
King Loulan changed
In the first year of Zhenghe, the old King Loulan, who had gone to the Han Dynasty twice and had been living in fear, died, and after his death, Loulan Guo applied to the Han Dynasty, hoping to put back the proton that had been given to the Han Dynasty to be the new King of Loulan, but the Han Dynasty could not send this proton back, because this proton was castrated by Emperor Wu of Han in Chang'an, and if it was sent back, it would not be revealed?
While the Han Dynasty was embarrassed by this matter, the Xiongnu seized the opportunity to send Loulan back to Loulan to inherit the throne as a proton, which was a serious problem, Angui lived in the Xiongnu since childhood, of course, the relationship with the Xiongnu was closer, after Angui succeeded to the throne, Loulan was completely "enslaved".
Coinciding with the late years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, too many things affected the national strength, so for a time the Han Dynasty did not have time to take care of the problem of Loulan, at this time An Gui was more rampant, directly into the arms of the Xiongnu, began to kill the envoys of the Han Dynasty, and even acted as a robber on the Silk Road, making the Han Dynasty intolerable.
Later, after Emperor Han Zhao's succession, in the face of the bad problem of Loulan and the Xiongnu, a cattle man Fu Jiezi stood up and proposed a jaw-dropping solution, he said that he would single-handedly eradicate The King of Loulan Angui, this idea was rejected by Emperor Han Zhao and many ministers at that time, everyone felt that Fu Jiezi's idea was purely fanciful, if one person could get the King of Loulan, then everyone would have already done it, why wait until today?
In addition to the many objections, only one person resolutely supported Fu Jiezi's idea, this person was Huo Guang, since Emperor Han Zhao was unwilling to support Fu Jiezi's actions, the bold Huo Guang privately supported Fu Jiezi's actions, and with Huo Guang's support, Fu Jiezi and his party of more than thirty people dressed up as merchants, took some gold and silver jewelry, and went directly to the Loulan border.
Loulan Wang An Gui heard that there were Han Dynasty emissaries visiting, there was still some worry in his heart, but he heard that Fu Jiezi and others only had a total of more than thirty people, and they also carried a considerable amount of gold and silver jewelry, which did not look like a provocation at all, but seemed to be coming to pay tribute.
When Fu Jiezi and the others repeatedly said that they wanted to give these gold and silver jewels to An Gui, An Gui finally moved his heart, set up a banquet to entertain Fu Jiezi and his party, after getting the gold and silver jewels, he even made a mistake with Fu Jiezi and drank a drunken Party Hugh, at this time An Gui was completely wary, and even he had the meaning of getting along with Fu Jiezi as a buddy.
After the staggering of the chips, when the wine was drunk, Fu Jiezi approached An Gui's ear and quietly told An Gui: "The Son of Heaven of the Han Dynasty still has a secret message, asking me to convey it to you, please follow me to the back account." An Gui was already confused by the gold and silver jewelry and Fu Jiezi's behavior, and did not have time to think about anything, so he directly followed Fu Jiezi to the back account.
No one thought that An Gui had just arrived at the back tent, Fu Jiezi raised his knife and fell, and An Gui's head landed on the ground, and then Fu Jiezi carried An Gui's head out and told the warriors of Loulan that the Han Dynasty was about to send a new proton to come and be the king of Loulan, and now whoever supported it in advance would have meritorious service, and if he resisted, then the Han Dynasty army would be directly destroyed.
Listening to Fu Jiezi's words, those generals of the Loulan Kingdom no longer dared to act rashly and announced their surrender one after another, and in this way, Fu Jiezi successfully eliminated the King of Loulan by his own strength, adding bricks and tiles to the Han Dynasty's rule in the western regions, and when Emperor Han Zhao discovered Fu Jiezi's great achievements, he could not help but sigh.
After Fu Jiezi beheaded the King of Loulan, the name Loulan became history completely, and later Loulan was renamed Yan Shanguo, which was gradually Sinicized in the fusion with the culture of the Central Plains, and continued until the sixth century AD, before it was destroyed by the Northern Wei and disappeared into history.
After the Han Dynasty, many poets of the dynasties liked to use Loulan to write poems, such as the border poet Wang Changling, when he traveled to the western frontier in his twenties, he wrote a generous verse of "Huangsha Hundred Battles Wear Golden Armor, Do Not Break Loulan and Never Return", as well as Li Bai's "Willing to put the sword under the waist, only for the sake of chopping Loulan", Du Fu's "What is the end of the country, Loulan is not returned", Gao Shi's "Horseshoe Through the Moon Cave, Swordplay Refers to Loulan", Xin Abandoned Disease's "And Hang empty fast as a piano companion, do not have to take it with you", Xu Zhenqing's "Tianzi velvet clothes remotely press the sword, The general is straight to cut Lou Lan", these poets are writing Lou Lan, so is it true that Zhongyuan and Lou Lan have a feud with each other?
In fact, it is obvious that the real history is not so, although Loulan played the role of wall head grass, it did have a certain impact on the Central Plains, but compared with the powerful Xiongnu, Loulan's influence on the Central Plains was almost minimal, so why did poets like to write poems with Loulan as the theme?
I think the main reason is nothing more than two, the first is that Loulan is a small follower of the Xiongnu, and it is a good bully, and by writing about the han Dynasty's victory in cleaning up Loulan's great happiness, it can stimulate the fighting spirit of future generations; the second reason is that the powerful Xiongnu were after all a headache in ancient times and did not want to mention it, and no one was willing to use this tragic historical allusion to educate posterity or stimulate morale.
epilogue
Lou Lan is between the two great powers of the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, doomed to its fate will be miserable, no matter whether it offends any party, it may lead to its own demise, so Lou Lan can only choose to play the role of wall grass growing in the cracks, who once thought that even if they have enough desire to survive, and eventually perished, in the end, maybe we will find that Lou Lan did not do anything wrong, but it seems that Lou Lan has done a lot wrong, because the countries and individuals at both ends of the first rat seem to have never had a good ending in history!
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