At the beginning of the twentieth century, Swedish explorers led an expedition to the hinterland of Taklamakan, but found thousands of years of lost antiquities in the yellow sand desert along the edge.
Felt, coins, pottery pieces, paper documents, woolen fabrics... The moment all the rare antiquities are lifted by the loess sand and dust, the ruins of the ancient city buried in the long river of history are lifted up, and the Ruins of Loulan, which have disappeared for a thousand years, reappear in the rivers and lakes.
The loss and recovery of Loulan is a miracle that the ancient history of Central Asia did not expect. Today's people are excited and happy, but the ancestors want to break Lou Lan twice, why is it?
A broken Loulan, expedition to another country
Huangsha wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and does not break the Loulan and will not return it.
This is the poet Wang Changling's most famous poem about the battlefield, which shows that from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Loulan has become the basic impression of the western countries of successive dynasties, and the history of exchanges between China and Loulan began from the Han Dynasty.
During the Han Dynasty, there was a small country on the border of the Western Regions, with a small population and an area of less than two cities, and this country was Loulan. However, although the sparrow is small and complete, from the city pool to the tuntian shubian, from exquisite utensils to western foreign clothes, Loulan has everything.
Although Loulan is a small country, its geographical location is quite important. The southwest passes through the end, the northwest passes through Yanqi, and the east is to Bailongdui, strangling the core of the Silk Road. Loulan became the most important transportation fortress between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, and became the core route that the Silk Road had to go to.
Whether it is the Xiongnu invading the Han Dynasty or the Han Dynasty wanting to conquer the Xiongnu, Loulan is a necessary place for both countries. Therefore, in East Asia a thousand years ago, Loulan became the primary object of contention between the two major forces of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and in terms of political strategy, the middle of Loulan City became a hot fragrant feast, and it was also an extremely feared tumor, between the two major forces, Loulan either divided itself and kept to itself, or became cannon fodder for the war between the two countries. Therefore, Loulan has become a soft nail in everyone's heart, and the peace of Loulan is closely related to its political attitude, which is one of the reasons why Loulan will be crusaded by everyone.
Lou Lan, who became a sandwich cookie, did not have a good life. During the Qin Dynasty, the Xiongnu, who had been driven out of the Hexi Corridor by the Qin general Meng Tian, returned from the country, and with a strong battlefield general and inflated ambitions, repeatedly invaded the Han Dynasty and was repeatedly repelled. After the cycle began, the Liangzi of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu were formed, so it was urgent to gather other forces, and Loulan bore the brunt of it.
Due to the weakness of the country, the number of troops is only 10,000, and the elite troops are only a few thousand, and Lou Lan's situation is particularly embarrassing. The Han Dynasty was too far away, and the Xiongnu were closer, and after some consideration, the King of Loulan decided to defect to the Xiongnu and join forces to rob the han Dynasty's past caravans.
Emperor Wu of Han took the case and sent the general Zhao Baonu to lead a strong army to expedition to Loulan, and easily captured the king of Loulan. Because of a wrong political decision, it became one of the reasons why the Han Dynasty wanted to destroy Loulan.
The second broke Loulan and surrendered the king of Loulan
Although Loulan was attacked by the Han Dynasty, the king of Loulan was also captured. However, Loulan was located in a remote desert, and the Central Plains powers that were not good at fighting in arid lands could not annihilate the entire power of Loulan, and the detained King of Loulan could only be released again.
It was in this way that it was released, but it made the Huns vigilant and doubt Lou Lan's loyalty. The so-called suspicious people do not need to be used, and there is no doubt about the use of people, and Lou Lan, who has become the target of public criticism, can only send two sons to two countries as hostages.
Until the new King Loulan grew up, the King of Loulan, who had grown up, became the spokesman of the Xiongnu. Fu Jiezi, a diplomat of the Han Dynasty, personally led his troops to subdue the King of Loulan and solve the thorns buried in the heart of Emperor Wu of Han.
With the lessons of the past, the new Loulan King did not see the diplomats from the Western Han Dynasty on horseback, but hid behind everyone and did not want to show his face. Fu Jiezi heard that the Xiongnu were located in the land of grass and mangy all year round and loved gold and silver jewelry the most, so he deliberately said that he had brought a golden splendid embroidery, and if he did not see it, he could only give it to other countries.
Seeing that the new King of Loulan was very happy to meet Fu Jiezi, he was stabbed to death by Fu Jiezi in the drunken gap, and Fu Jiezi set up prince Loulan as a hostage in the Han Dynasty as king, and thus accepted Lou lan.
With the wisdom of one person, Fu Jiezi surrendered the country of Loulan and seized control of Loulan, which became a good story that has been passed down to this day. Subsequently, Fu Jiezi changed the name of Lou Lan to Shan Shan and moved the capital to Tu Ni Cheng, which is the allusion of "'Fu Jiezi chopped the King of Lou Lan'".
In order to prevent the recurrence of the old events, Emperor Wu of Han sent troops to garrison Shanshan to form an army in the Western Regions and carried out Tuntian. The second heart of King Loulan became the second reason why the Great Han wanted to break Loulan. The incident of the king of the chopping floor shocked the countries of the Western Regions, and also became a story that has been passed down for thousands of years, so that later all the literati rioters used this as an allusion to write popular poems.
Tang Dynasty Gao Shi from the bottom of his heart ''Horseshoe through the Moon Grotto, swordplay refers to Lou Lan'", Tang Dynasty Li Bai was full of vigor '''Willing to put the sword under his waist, straight to chop Lou Lan'", Song Dynasty Xin abandoned the disease '' and hung up the empty fast as a piano companion, did not have to take to chop Lou Lan '', even Xu Zhenqing of the Ming Dynasty also said "'Tianzi velvet clothes remotely press the sword, the general straight to chop Lou Lan'" courage.
At this point, the glory of Lou Lan was launched. Under the management of the able Fu Jiezi, Loulan has become the jurisdiction of the Han Dynasty, becoming a necessary place for Zhang Qian to go out to the Western Regions, and the good stories of Loulan between the bustling trade routes have a long history, until the disappearance of the ancient city of Loulan in the fourth year of Long'an (400).
The disappearance of the ancient city of Loulan has given a mysterious color, but the retreat of the glorious hundred-year-old small city from the historical stage in a short period of time is regrettable, and the tragic scene of "no birds on the top, no beasts on the bottom, looking at the extremes, only the dead people's bones as the marker" is still vividly remembered.