The article begins without saying anything else, but directly says which three European monarchs, they are Peter I of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, Victoria I of the Hanover dynasty in England, and Wilhelm I of the Hohenzollern dynasty in Germany.
In European history, emperors and kings are two different things, and the author has explained them again and again before, and I will not explain them here, so I will briefly introduce why these three European monarchs changed from kings to emperors.
Peter I of the Romanov Dynasty of Russia:
Peter I was the fifth and last Tsar of the Russian Romanov dynasty (tsar is equal to king, this question has been explained repeatedly by the author, and will not be explained here), born in 1672 AD, the son of Alexei I, the second Tsar of the Russian Romanov dynasty, he had two half-brothers Fernando III and Ivan V were also tsars, and after the death of the third Tsar Fernando III in 1682, he succeeded to the throne at the same time as Ivan V, and later generations usually regard Ivan V as the fourth tsar. He was the fifth Tsar, but the real power was in the hands of his half-sister Princess Sophia.
Peter I of the Romanov dynasty of Russia
Ivan V was mentally inferior and could not have the ability to seize power, and Peter I showed wisdom and divine martial arts from an early age, he successfully eradicated Princess Sophia in 1689 AD through ingenious means and pro-government, during his reign, he worked hard to expand the Russian Romanov Dynasty in Eastern Europe by several times, and defeated the Swedish Vaasa Dynasty, which had always dominated Northern Europe, and achieved the Baltic Sea outlet that successive Russian tsars dreamed of, and he also worked tirelessly to study in Britain, France, the Netherlands and other European powers. Russia finally became a European power, and in 1721 AD, he ascended the throne as emperor, and from then on, the Russian monarch was no longer a tsar (that is, no longer a king), but an emperor, and the name of the russian tsarist state was changed to the Russian Empire.
In 1725, Peter I died unexpectedly at the age of 53 after jumping into the sea to save a soldier who accidentally fell into the water, because of his great contribution to Russian history, and later honored Peter the Great, one of only three great emperors in Russian history.
Statue of Peter I
Victoria I of the Hanoverian Dynasty of England:
Victoria I is the sixth and last king of the Hanoverian dynasty in the United Kingdom, born in 1819 AD, is the granddaughter of the third king George III, the only daughter of Prince Edward, the fourth son of George III, the fifth king of the Hanover dynasty, William IV, died in 1837 AD, because William IV had no children, and Prince Edward has died, according to the succession law, she inherited the throne as the first heir, during the reign, she worked hard to succeed the achievements of the five previous kings of the Hanover dynasty, completed the Industrial Revolution, Britain's national strength exploded and became the world's number one power.
Victoria I of the Hanoverian Dynasty of England
After Britain became strong, it launched wars against many parts of the world, successfully won colonies such as India, Burma, Malaysia, South Africa, Sudan, etc., plus Colonies such as Canada and Australia that had been acquired during the George III period, and a quarter of the world's land was its colony, becoming the most vast country in the world's history, a veritable British empire that never set.
In 1857 AD, the British Hanover Dynasty destroyed the Indian Mughal Dynasty, before which there was no emperor in England, Victoria I in order to sit on an equal footing with the Holy Roman Emperor, the French Emperor, the Austrian Emperor, etc., seized the title of Emperor of the Indian Mughal Dynasty, since then the British King is also the Emperor of India, so Victoria I is also a monarch from king to emperor, but Peter I abolished the title of King and used the Emperor, and Victoria I was both king and emperor.
In 1901 AD, Victoria I died of old age at the age of 82, and there were many cities, streets, lakes and other things that she named after her in later generations as a memorial to her, and after her death, her eldest son Edward VII succeeded to the throne, because Edward VII took his father's surname, so the Hanoverian dynasty ended and the Saxonykoburg Gotta dynasty began.
Statue of Victoria I
William I of Hohenzollern, Germany:
William I was the seventh and last king of the Hohenzollern dynasty of Germany, born in 1797 AD, the second son of frederick William III, the fifth king of the Hohenzollern dynasty of Germany, the half-brother of the sixth king Frederick William IV, who participated in the fight against the Bonaparte dynasty of France ruled by Napoleon I at a young age, and in 1858 his brother Frederick William IV was unable to govern the country after his illness and paralysis, he served as regent to handle the government, and succeeded to the throne after his brother's death in 1861 AD.
William I of the Hohenzollern dynasty of Germany
When William I succeeded to the throne, Germany was still not unified, there were many kingdoms in the territory, his Kingdom of Prussia became the most powerful under the efforts of successive kings, and began to launch a dynastic war to unify Germany in 1864 AD, divided into three battles with the Denmark Groxburg Dynasty, the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty, the French Bonaparte Dynasty' Prussian War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War, all of which won a complete victory, successfully unified the whole territory of Germany, and in 1871 AD, he ascended the throne as emperor and changed the name of the country to the German Empire. From then on, the King of Prussia became the Emperor of Germany, and under the efforts of Wilhelm I, Germany became the most powerful country in the world to compete with Britain.
In 1888, William I died of illness at the age of 91, and because of his great contribution to German history, he was later honored as Wilhelm the Great.
Statue of William I
In fact, in addition to Peter I of the Romanov Dynasty in Russia, Victoria I of the HanoverIan Dynasty in The United Kingdom, and Wilhelm I of the Hohenzollern Dynasty in Germany, in fact, there are monarchs in Europe who have changed from kings to emperors. For example, the Frankish Carolingian king Charles I, Charles the Great, was crowned Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800 AD after conquering half of Europe, which is a special situation. In addition, the king of the Saxony dynasty of East Francia, Otto I, Otto the Great, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 962 AD, which is also a special situation, and the above two monarchs are much farther away from Peter I, Victoria I, and William I.
King Charles I of The Franks was crowned Roman Emperor