On June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out, and in less than three months, the Korean People's Army occupied most of the Korean Peninsula with a destructive force, trapping the South Korean Army and the U.S. Army in busan, a projectile land.
The reunification of the Korean Peninsula seems to be just around the corner, but it is only "seemingly.".
On September 15, U.S. troops successfully landed at Inchon
The Korean People's Army was cut off, and the 70,000 People's Army stranded in the south was jointly attacked by the U.S. troops who landed at Inchon and the South Korean Army in Busan, suffering heavy casualties, except for being captured or killed in battle, most of the Korean People's Army was forced to turn to the mountains to engage in guerrilla warfare, while the Korean People's Army in the north was also defeated under the powerful offensive of the US army.
The situation in North Korea is not optimistic! At the time of this crisis, adhering to the principle of cold lips and teeth, New China resolutely formed a volunteer army to enter the Korean War.
On October 19, the first volunteers officially crossed the Yalu River, and the first to cross the Sino-North Korean border was the 42nd Army, whose plan of action was to cross the river from Ji'an and then march along the Manpo Railway to the Chosin Lake area of the Gaima Plateau in eastern North Korea, with the aim of occupying strategic points in the Chosin Lake area and preventing the United Nations forces on the eastern front from moving north.
At that time, the 42nd Army had three divisions under its command, the 124th, 125th, and 126th, of which the 124th and 126th Divisions marched to Chosin Lake, while the 125th Division was assigned to the 38th Army that subsequently crossed the river to assemble at jiangjie, and as for why the 125th Division followed the 38th Army, there were two main points:
1, the importance of the river boundary. Jiangjie was the temporary capital of North Korea at that time, and the destination of the final division of the Eastern and Western Fronts of the United Nations Army, and its importance was self-evident, while the Chosin Lake area was mainly defensive in the initial formulation of the battle plan, not the main battlefield. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that the 125th Division was assigned to the 38th Army to strengthen the defensive counterattack in the area south of the river boundary.
2, Peng Dehuai has other uses. Peng Dehuai had already considered how the 125th Division would use it when making a strategic layout of the Korean battlefield, and as for how to use it, it would be decided after he had a full understanding of the war situation after he entered the DPRK, and this is exactly what this article focuses on today.
As the various units of the volunteer army entered the DPRK one after another, contact with the enemy army soon came, which Peng Dehuai did not expect, because he did not expect the speed of the rout of the Korean People's Army and the speed of the pursuit of the United Nations army, so on October 25, the sixth day after the volunteer army entered the DPRK, the battle broke out simultaneously in Various areas such as Onjeong, Unsan, and Huangcaoling, and the first battle began.
Although the first battle began in a hurry, the Volunteer Army quickly took the initiative with its unprepared opportunities and excellent combat effectiveness, and the offensive momentum of the enemy on the Western Front was temporarily stopped.
However, just before the end of the first battle, Peng Dehuai made a decision that many people did not expect, that is:
The 125th Division of the 42nd Army dispatched two reinforced battalions, led by two division cadres, with radios, and in coordination with the Korean People's Army, organized two guerrilla detachments to advance behind enemy lines to carry out guerrilla warfare.
Therefore, in accordance with Peng Dehuai's orders, the 125th Division of the 42nd Army quickly dispatched troops to form guerrilla units, and finally formed the first and second guerrilla detachments, of which:
The first detachment, mainly the 2nd Battalion of the 375th Regiment, the deputy commander of the 125th Division, Rufu, was the leader and political commissar of the detachment, and the political commissar of the 375th Regiment, Bao Nansen, was appointed as the deputy political commissar, and the first detachment mainly infiltrated into the areas of Pyongyang, Suncheon, and Yangdeok.
The second detachment was mainly the 1st Battalion of the 375th Regiment, with Wang Huaixiang, deputy political commissar and political commissar of the 125th Division, as the detachment leader and political commissar, Zhao Lixian, the commander of the 375th Regiment, as the deputy detachment leader, and the second detachment mainly infiltrated into the Tokugawa and Ningyuan areas.
In order to better penetrate behind enemy lines, both detachments were equipped with a certain number of Korean People's Army, so the first Sino-Korean joint guerrilla force in the Korean War was successfully formed. And Peng Dehuai's task to the guerrillas was:
Fight small groups of enemies, gather intelligence, disrupt communications behind enemy lines, and make the most possible contact with the Korean People's Army stranded in the south.
This was the first time that Chinese troops had waged guerrilla warfare deep behind enemy lines in a foreign country
The significance is self-evident, but unfortunately, due to many factors, few people today know the history of this guerrilla group.
As soon as the guerrillas were formed, they set out, and as they crossed the Cheongcheon River to infiltrate southward, they encountered several Korean People's Troops near Tokugawa, many of whom had participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation in China and were fluent in Chinese, so communication was not troublesome.
It was learned from these populations that they originally belonged to the 12th Division of the Korean People's Army, and lost contact with the main force after the Inchon landing, at this time they were retreating northward under the leadership of Choe Bong-joon, the commander of the division's operations section.
Jouf one
When they learned that the Chinese troops had entered the DPRK on a large scale to participate in the war, the long-lost smile finally appeared on their long-lost faces, and they burst into tears and whispered with excitement: Long live Chairman Mao! Long live the Communist Party of China!
Later, the guerrillas joined forces at Tokugawa with the unit led by Choi Feng-joon, who immediately decided to cancel the northern retreat plan and lead the troops to join the guerrillas, and Choi Feng-joon was also appointed as the deputy leader of the first guerrilla detachment.
In the conversation with Choi Fengjun and others, They learned that after the US army landed at Inchon, due to the speed of the march, many Korean People's Troops were intercepted south of the 38th Line, and the radio stations used by the Korean People's Army were Made of Soviet system, with high power, large battery losses, and battery supply, and naturally lost contact between the various departments. However, although the various departments lost contact, Choe Fengjun estimated that there were not a few Korean People's Army stranded in the south to fight guerrilla warfare at this time, with a conservative estimate of more than 20,000 people.
Cui Fengjun's news greatly encouraged Rufu and the others, so Rufu immediately decided to cross the Datong River immediately and continue south.
In this way, a guerrilla force of more than 1,000 people formed by China and North Korea once again embarked on the journey.
At that time, the Datong River was the focus of the enemy's defense, and in order to ensure the safe passage of the troops as much as possible, Rufu and others chose to cross the river at night.
On the night of November 5, the troops began to cross the river, but the vanguard force still inevitably engaged the enemy troops who suddenly appeared, thinking that this was just a reconnaissance unit of the enemy, but did not expect that the enemy's firepower was unusually fierce, until the follow-up troops arrived one after another to join the battle, and the enemy's firepower could be suppressed.
After repelling this enemy force, in order to avoid more exposure, the guerrillas decided to avoid the main road as much as possible, sending multiple reconnaissance troops to find out the situation, and then moving forward through the gap between the enemy troops on the mountain road.
And in order to ensure the tightness of the march, the guerrillas thought of a more secure way, that is, to first choose a marching destination, which is generally a target within the distance that can be reached overnight, and then find a guide, first walk a few kilometers in the direction that does not match the destination, and then quickly turn around and march in the direction of the destination, leave the guide temporarily after arriving at the destination, find a new guide at night, and let the previous guide go when it is about to leave, so that the previous guide is released when it is about to leave. It can prevent the guide from being discovered by the enemy and exposing the guerrillas' whereabouts prematurely, and as far as possible, avoid selling their whereabouts to the enemy and causing losses to the guerrillas.
In addition, whenever the guerrillas arrived at a camp, they would immediately dispatch reconnaissance posts and guard posts, and at the same time seal the camp to ensure that the information in the camp would not be leaked out.
It can be seen that it was not easy for the guerrillas to ensure the completion of their tasks, and the fact that the guerrillas acted so carefully reflected the extremely harsh environment that the guerrillas faced behind enemy lines at that time.
However, after the battle of Datong River, the biggest problem facing the guerrillas was not the question of whereabouts, but rather
Wounded problems
！
As mentioned earlier, the battle of Datong River was an unexpected encounter, and the battle was extremely fierce, so the guerrillas suffered great damage; after the first battle, dozens of members of the team were killed or injured; due to the limited conditions, the sacrificed members could only be buried on the spot, and how to place the injured members became the biggest problem that needed to be solved urgently in front of The First Class.
Because everyone knew that they could not go on with the wounded, but they could not leave them alone, if the wounded were not properly settled, the guerrillas had to abandon their original plan to return to the north.
Just when Ru Fuyi and the others were at a loss, Gao Chengjiang, head of the organization department of the Political Department of the 375 Regiment, provided a message that there were many overseas Chinese in the Hinoura area who had opened restaurants, and most of these overseas Chinese had fled to Korea in order to escape the Japanese from catching laborers, and among them was an old man named Zhang Xingsheng, who was from Rongcheng, Shandong Province, and was an old acquaintance of Gao Chengjiang.
Therefore, Gao Chengjiang suggested that the guerrillas could go to Juncang and hand over the wounded to the elderly Zhang Xingsheng to take care of them, and this suggestion was agreed by RuFu and others.
So, after crossing the Taedong River, the guerrillas advanced toward hinoki, and along the way, the guerrillas engaged the enemy several more times, but they fought quickly, and immediately after destroying the enemy, they withdrew from the battlefield, and later, in a battle, the guerrillas captured several enemy troops, and learned from their mouths that it was the South Korean 8th Division that was fighting them on the Taedong River that day, and at this time the main force of the 8th Division was advancing in the direction of Tokugawa.
After confirming the accuracy of this information, the guerrillas immediately reported by radio to the general headquarters of the division, army and volunteer army.
Based on this information from the guerrillas, Peng Dehuai was more determined to attack the 6th, 7th, and 8th Divisions of South Korea from the Ninhyuan and Tokugawa fronts, which was the most crucial step in the strategic plan for the second campaign soon after.
After reporting the information to their superiors, the guerrillas continued to set out, and along the way they encountered more and more Korean People's Army soldiers, who were scattered in pairs, and they later learned that these soldiers had been withdrawn from the original front lines of Nakdonggang and Busan.
Compared with the troops led by Choi Feng-joon, the situation of these soldiers was even more miserable, because they attacked the farthest in the first place, so their way back to North Korea after the Inchon landing was more difficult and their hopes were more elusive, and the South Korean region did not have the support of the people, so they had to shuttle between the mountains and forests and negotiate with the enemy.
When they learned that China entered the war, they couldn't help but cry: "We have been saved!" Long live the People's Liberation Army! ”
Soon the troops arrived at Hinokikura and found the elderly Zhang Xingsheng.
When Gao Chengjiang told Zhang Xingsheng the purpose of the guerrillas' coming here, the old man said boldly: "Chinese are my brothers!" "After saying that, I began to settle the wounded.
In this way, the biggest problem plaguing the guerrillas was solved, and after coming to Hinokura, the guerrillas got another windfall, that is, Hinokura and a part of the south were currently the assembly places of the Korean People's Army and the Headquarters in South Korea after they lost contact, and now a considerable part of the Korean People's Army has been assembled in this place, especially Lee Yi-sung's troops!
Rufu vaguely felt that the purpose of the guerrilla group he led this time to go south was likely to be completed!
One evening the next day, Ru Fuyi and Choi Fengjun hurried to the li yixing troop garrison near hi-cang, where they met Li Yixing!
Like many Korean People's Army soldiers at that time, Lee Yi-sung participated in China's War of Resistance Against Japan, so he had deep feelings for China and the Chinese army.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Li Yixing returned to China and formed the Korean Volunteer Brigade, hoping to make a contribution to the great cause of national reunification and peace. However, what he did not expect was that when he led his troops to join the Korean People's Army and hit Busan, he was blocked by the US army, and the great cause of national reunification had come to naught, and he was also in danger, although the morale was still high, but the hope was getting slimmer and fainter.
It wasn't until Ru Fuyi and Cui Fengjun appeared in front of him that the veteran who had experienced hundreds of battles finally showed a smile of relief, and without Rufu answering, he already knew that the big brother of China had come to save them.
After greeting Rufu Yi and the others for a while, Li Yixing immediately told Ru Fuyi what he knew without reservation.
However, it was learned from Li Yixing that the troops he led were a relatively complete unit with a relatively complete structure, and its number was still more than 6,000 people, and in some areas in the south where Li Yixing's troops were located, there were also scattered units of more than a dozen other divisions and regiments of the Korean People's Army, ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand, of which the largest number was the unit under the unified command of Lu Zhe, chief of staff of the Second Army of the Korean People's Army, which had at least more than 20,000 troops!
More than 20,000 people! In addition to Li Yixing and other units that can be contacted, Rufu has a rough calculation, and the Korean People's Army that his guerrillas can contact has at least 30,000 people!
This news made Rufuyi excited, especially when he learned that the more than 20,000 troops led by Lu Zhe were not far from Hinoki, he was even more excited, not to mention that Lu Zhe had more than 20,000 people, and for Lu Zhe, Rufu yi was also very familiar with it.
Lu Zhe participated in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance and served as chief of staff of the Li Hongguang Detachment of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, while Ru Fuyi was then the chief of staff of the Tonghua Detachment of the Liaodong Military Region of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Resistance League.
So the next day, Rufu rushed south to join Lu Zhe's troops, and the old comrades who had not seen each other for many years actually met in that environment, and the two of them had a lot of emotions in their hearts, but neither of them said a word, they just hugged each other and cried...
In this way, the guerrillas led by Ryu Fuyi successively contacted the troops of Lee Yi-sung and Lu Zhe, and after summarizing the information they had, Rufuyi immediately reported to Peng Dehuai, and the Korean People's Army, which had been cut off by the UN army and lost contact with the headquarters, also contacted the headquarters. Later, according to the information provided by Li Yixing, Lu Zhe, and other troops, Peng Dehuai deployed troops in a targeted manner in the later stages of the second campaign, and the guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines that Li Yixing, Lu Zhe, and others insisted on also made sufficient preparations for the reconquest of Pyongyang, and the frontal battlefield cooperated with the battlefield behind the enemy lines, and successfully won the second battle.
Wang Huaixiang
At the same time that Ru Fuyi, Li Yixing, and Lu Zhe had converged one after another, the Second Guerrilla Detachment led by Wang Huaixiang had also gone through many battles and successfully merged with the remnants of the 6th Division led by Fang Hushan!
Fang Hushan also participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation in China in his early years, was a loyal Communist, after the End of the Liberation War, he led the reorganized 6th Division to join the Korean War and fight for the reunification of his hometown, but he did not think that the powerful Korean People's Army still failed to break through the small Busan.
By the time Wang Huaixiang found Fang Hushan, Fang Hushan had already led his troops to fight a guerrilla war in the south for more than two months, and the confluence with Wang Huaixiang had also brought hope to Fang Hushan, and at this time the second battle was nearing its end.
After the end of the second campaign, the volunteer army liberated all the areas north of the 38th Line, and the troops of Lu Zhe, Fang Hushan, and Li Yixing could finally join the large troops safely, and after a period of rest, they immediately went to the battlefield to fight with the volunteers. The guerrilla detachment led by Ru Fuyi and Wang Huaixiang also completed the task excellently and successfully planned, and they will continue to participate in the next third battle and bravely move forward to capture Seoul!
Fang Hu Mountain
During this period of more than a month, the guerrillas were fearless in the face of the powerful and modern offensive and counter-reconnaissance of the United Nations Army, interspersed with gaps between the enemy's various units, with a round-trip distance of more than 300 kilometers and more than 10 large and small battles, and while conveying the news behind the enemy lines to their superiors, they also successfully contacted the Korean People's Army, which was cut off from the enemy's rear.
It can be said that this is a miracle in the world's military history! It is also a successful example of the joint operation between the Chinese and DPRK armies behind enemy lines! Although more than seventy years have passed, that arduous and legendary interspersed battle should be remembered by every Chinese!