preface
In various poems and words, it is often seen that poetry critics call someone's poetry work "deeply rooted in the will of the wind". So, what is the purpose of the wind man? How do you achieve that your poetry works have the purpose of the wind and people?
The Book of Poetry has fifteen national winds, and the wind people refer to the officials who collect folk songs, and more importantly, the poets. The purpose of the wind and people refers to the creation method with the style of poetry and national style and Chu Ci.
Lao Jie excerpted a few passages of ancient poetry comments and shared them with poetry friends.
I. The Advice of the Little Man: What Is the Daying Hu Yu? Good people strike the expedition
The great poet Li Bai has four "Songs of the Four Hours of midnight", of which the "Autumn Song" writes:
Chang'an is a month, and the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes.
The autumn wind blows endlessly, and it is always jade.
Ho Ri Ping Hu Yu? Good people strike the expedition.
Regarding the evaluation of this poem, Tang Ruqian, a beginner in the late Ming and Qing dynasties, said:
The concluding sentence is not fair in terms of martial arts. Deeply rooted in the will of the wind. "Tang and Song Dynasty Poetry"
Meaning, the last two sentences (Ho Ri Ping Hu Yu?) The Good Man Strike Expedition) has both an implicit meaning and an unspoken meaning. The implication is very simple, I don't know when, my Lang Jun can pacify hu yu, and then come back safely, no longer need to go out to fight.
The implication is that it condemns the imperial court's exhaustive military efforts.
Instead of directly condemning the court, the poet euphemistically expressed the hope that the good man would return victoriously as soon as possible. This is the purpose of the wind man. During the Li Bai period, the Tang Dynasty's foreign wars were some to defend the family and defend the country, and some to expand the territory. For the people, it is not necessary to understand these just or unjust wars. From the perspective of the people, it is natural to hope that peace will always be maintained, and there is no need to sacrifice their lives.
Li Bai's will of the wind and man is the advice of a small person.
Second, the exhortation of the big man: Half of the spring wind has been lost
In the Qing Dynasty scholar Shen Xianglong's "Essay on Words", when evaluating a poem by the Southern Tang dynasty poet Pan You, he said:
Words do not explicitly speak bluntly, but can vaguely touch people's hearts, but there is a relationship, the so-called "the speaker is not guilty, the hearer is full of precepts" also. After the Southern Tang Dynasty Li Hou feasted, Pan You entered the word cloud: [Upstairs on the four sides of the Spring Cold Mountain, peach and plum do not need to be burned.] Half of the spring breeze has been lost. Cover is said to be a foreign enemy country, and the earth and the sun are also invaded. The Lord then feasted on it. Words can be like this, how to subtract the admonitions.
When Li Yu had not yet fallen to the country, there was a banquet one day, and Pan You, a zhongshu she, filled in the words and offered them, including three sentences:
Upstairs, on all sides of the spring cold mountain, peach and plum do not need to be burned. Half of the spring breeze has been lost.........
This poem "does not show its bluntness", that is, it does not directly say that our land has been occupied by the Great Song Dynasty, and our Southern Tang Dynasty is about to perish. Rather, it is a vague metaphor of the Great Song Dynasty as a mountain besieging us, blocking the spring wind, waiting for us only the cold wind, and our peach and plum blossoms will soon wither.
Of course, Li Yu could understand the implications, so David was disappointed, and the banquet ended on the spot. Shen Xianglong said that such a filler, similar to the advice, could play the role of persuading the emperor.
Pan You was an important minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and his status was naturally not comparable to That of Li Bai. As a court minister, since you wanted to persuade the emperor, why didn't you just say it? Nature makes sense.
Third, there is a comparison of the will of the wind and the people
Du Fu wrote in a poem "Su Xi":
In Su Xi Qingmen, the Penglai Battle shifted several times.
Flowers greet the miscellaneous trees, and the dragon rejoices out of the flat pool.
The sunset leaves the queen mother, and the breeze leans on the children.
The secrets of the palace are known to few outsiders.
Huang Sheng (字生父, also spelled Fu Meng, bai shan, leng weng, lotus waishi. Huang Sheng, who was a member of the Ming Dynasty as a zhusheng, entered the Qing Dynasty, and was a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province) commented on this poem and said:
Huang Shengyue. This chapter is a bit of a wind thorn. However, the words are small and euphemistic. Such as: Lushan Palace. In front of the gate of the kingdom. sentence. It's not just the intention of losing the wind. Nor is there any courtesy of a courtier.
What does this mean? Mainly from the neck joint: the sunset leaves the queen mother, and the breeze leans on the children.
Yang Yuhuan was once a Taoist monk, so he was compared to the Tang people to the Queen Mother. Shao'er is an allusion, and Empress Wei of Emperor Wu of Han had a younger sister named Wei Shao'er (Huo's mother). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang favored Yang Yuhuan, and Yang Yuhuan's sisters Lady Yuguo and Lady Qin were also favored.
Therefore, Huang Sheng said that Du Fu's mention of the relationship between Emperor Tang Ming and the Yang sisters was a very euphemistic irony. This is the so-called purpose of the wind man.
At the same time, Huang Sheng gave another negative example, saying that not only is there the will of a person who has lost his wind, but also the courtesy of a prince and a courtier. This refers to these two sentences from the Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Yuan Shu's "Lianchang Palace Words":
At the end of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Yao Song died, and the imperial court gradually became a concubine.
Lushan Palace is raised as a child, and the city is bustling in front of the gate of the kingdom.
An Lushan was recognized by Yang Yuhuan as his son, and Yang Yuhuan's third sister, Lady Yuguo, was powerful and powerful. These two sentences are directly and implicitly uttered, so they are not the will of the wind people.
Fourth, the will of the wind and man: the speaker is not guilty of the full precept
Why should a poet write poetry with the purpose of the wind and man? There are two main reasons, one of which is that the speaker is innocent and the one who is not guilty is full of abstinence.
There are two consequences of direct counseling, one is to be adopted and commended, and the other is to be rejected and punished.
Few emperors could be as magnanimous as Li Shimin, and few courtiers could be as lucky as Wei Zheng. The minister gave too many opinions, which could easily arouse the emperor's disgust and alienation. For example, Zhang Jiuling, the chancellor of Tang Xuanzong, was displeased by the emperor because of his repeated speeches, and he was gradually ostracized by Li Linfu, and later resigned and left Chang'an.
Therefore, the poet can use the will of the wind and man to achieve the effect of speech, and can avoid the risk of sin.
The second reason, the characteristic of the poem itself, is that the conciseness of the words is more evocative, and it is boring to directly break it. Therefore, the poet's creation advocates small words and great righteousness, and pins on Bixing.
For example, at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yisun, Zhang Yan and others formed associations to fill in the chants, which were actually expressing the meaning of nostalgia for the homeland. Zhang Yan's "Water Dragon Yin White Lotus" is one of the works:
Hibiscus on the cactus, trickling wet gold plate dew. Light makeup shines on the water, delicate and jade standing, fluttering like a dance. A few degrees of condensation, a full lake of smoke moon, a ting gull heron. Remember the boat quietly at night, the waves are far away, and the flowers are not seen.
It should be the jealousy of the Huansha people. Faded red, misled by whom. Leisurely and elegant, elegant and elegant, with a delicate language. When they meet each other, they accidentally fall over, like a cardiac hormone. Afraid of Xianggao Pei Xie, green clouds ten miles, whirlwind to the west.
Conclusion
The purpose of the wind and man is explained in layman's terms. That is, talking and doing things will not go straight to the point, but express it in a roundabout way, so that you can think about it for a while to understand the true intentions of the other party.
Does this also affect the habits of our people? There are things that are not directly said, and the other party understands through hints, that is, to protect the face of the other party and maintain the relationship between each other.
For example, Zhang Yuan's "Jie Nü Yin Send Dongping Li Sikong Shi Dao":
Jun Mingzhu's eyes were weeping, why not meet when they were not married.
Literally, it's not that I don't want to marry you, it's just that we met late. The real meaning is, I'm sorry, your offer I declined.
The egret flying on the side of Xisai Mountain, Su Shi Huang Tingjian adapted it into a new work, which was criticized by Liu Xizai