Literary Newspaper · Read at night at the moment
Drinker Su Dongpo, poetry and wine Su Dongpo. Su Shi doesn't want to escape from things in the world, as long as he escapes all kinds of intrigues in real life. He is a person who loves life, and he is full of helplessness in life, so he raised a glass to drink to drown his sorrows, and wrote poems with a pen, which became his best choice. Su Dongpo is a real drinker created by that era, although he has gone through countless embarrassing twists and tribulations, he is still a generation of writers who shine with the glory of the times.
Text/Qian Handong
Published in the May 9, 2024 issue of the Literary Newspaper
"Wine fairy" is people's reputation for those who love to drink, and the recognized "wine fairy" in history is Liu Ling, Li Bai, etc., Su Dongpo is also good at wine, but absolutely has nothing to do with "wine fairy". However, Mr. Su drank very highly, and he raised the Chinese wine culture to a new level. He made wine, tasted wine, got drunk, talked about wine, and poetry wine, which can be said to have made elixir, drank style, lived freely, and tasted culture.
Wine is a fickle spirit, it is as hot as fire and cold as ice; It can make people detached and talented; It can make people forget their pain and sorrow, and soar freely in time and space; It can also make people unscrupulous and unscrupulous. "Wine strengthens the courage of heroes, and tea leads to scholars", drinking for fun, and talking about wine has been the preference and pursuit of literati since ancient times. Su Shi could barely drink alcohol in his early years, as evidenced by his poem "Young people are sick and timid". Later, he slowly learned to socialize in the officialdom, and in his later years, he was "indispensable for a day", but he didn't drink much.
Su Shi "Jiang Shang Post"
Although the amount of alcohol is not large, Su Shi is still a little particular about drinking. He pays attention to the choice of drinking environment, and his favorite place to taste wine is not in the state government's kitchen, nor in the market wine store, but in an elegant and quiet place, or in the embrace of nature. For example, when he was an official in Hangzhou, Su Shi liked to invite friends to enjoy wine on the West Lake. In the late spring and early summer of the sixth year of Xining (1073), he invited his literary friends to drink and watch the scenery on the West Lake, the drizzle was hazy that day, the fog on the lake was rising, suddenly the clouds opened and the sun rose, the clouds and mist quickly dissipated, and the shadows of the trees were verdant and dripping, so there was a poem that has been passed down through the ages, "The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy." If the West Lake is compared to the West Lake, it is always appropriate to apply light makeup and heavy makeup. ”
Su Shi is a man of temperament, in the whirlpool of the Northern Song Dynasty party disputes, his political ideals can not be realized, the consciousness of "sorrow" makes his heart of the "sober man" extremely depressed, it is difficult to walk, it is difficult to do things, only drinking, can make him temporarily forget the troubles of life. Su Shi is a good drinker, and when he is drunk, his frankness, freedom and loveliness, as well as his love for life, are revealed. When he was making a general judgment in Hangzhou, he wrote after getting drunk: "People are not ashamed of old hairpins, and flowers should be ashamed of the old man's head." Drunk people should laugh, and the ten-mile bead curtain is half hooked. ("Kichijoji Peony Appreciation") when he was a Zhizhou in Xuzhou, he wrote after getting drunk: "Walking on Huangmaogang when drunk, the mountains are full of rocks like a flock of sheep." Gangtou was drunk and fell into the stone to make a bed, looking up at the vast white clouds. The song falls in the valley and the autumn wind is long, and passers-by raise their heads to look southeast, clap their hands and laugh to make the king crazy. ("Dengyun Longshan") When he was in Huangzhou, he wrote "Drink Dongpo at night and wake up drunk", and then "I hate this body for a long time, when will I forget the camp". ("Linjiang Immortal, Night Drink Dongpo Wake Up and Get Drunk") similar verses can be cited a lot. People say that the drunkard's intention is not to drink, but to care about the mountains and rivers. For Su Shi, the drunkard's meaning is not to drink, but to release himself and forget the world. Su Dongpo drank alcohol to pursue the realm of being slightly drunk, because slightly drunk brought him sobriety. He drank all his life, the more he drank, the more sober he became, the happier he became, and after he was calm, he abandoned all the troubles in the world, in a sense, drinking was also his "self-defense weapon" to deal with all kinds of injustices and all kinds of troubles.
Su Shi "Crossing the Sea"
Su Shi pays attention to the mood of life, and we can see another characteristic of Chinese wine culture in his body: not greedy for cups, not overdrinking, not persuading wine, drinking slowly, tasting carefully, chatting about the world, fluttering immortals, and everyone is drunk if the wine is not drunk. Su Shi not only drank wine, but also brewed a lot of distinctive elixir and jade liquid. In the days of suffering, he found momentary comfort, and he once sighed: "It is all wine that makes me famous." Especially in his later years, he sincerely learned the art of winemaking from Taoist Zhenren, and aspired to become an expert in winemaking. He has brewed honey wine, Zhongshan pine mash, cinnamon wine, Zhenyi immortal wine, Tianmen winter wine, etc., there are many varieties, all of which are health preservation wines made by Taoism. Su Shi is worthy of being a genius, and he realized a philosophy of life from winemaking: the ears hang down heavily, and the ears of wheat have always been wheat and mang, high-spirited, the ancients believed that wheat is full of six yangs, growing in the dry land of Linggang, and is not afraid of locusts, and wheat is the reason for obtaining the yang energy of the earth. Rice, which grows in paddy fields, obtains the shade of the earth, so the ears always bend over and droop. People's vitality comes from the balance of yin and yang, and one yin and one yang cooperate with each other, which is the way of heaven.
Su Shi found a bosom friend from a unique perspective: Tao Yuanming, who did not bend his waist for five buckets of rice in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the last few years of his life, he sang all the poems composed by Tao Yuanming in his life, a total of 124 poems before and after, "Because of the 20 poems of Yuanming's "Drinking", it seems that he is indescribable, and he is a disciple of She, and Chao is not to blame. "He commented on Tao Qian's drinking psalms, and sang and sang them, which he called about wine." The mourners were lost, and they were ruthless. Jiangzuo is a romantic person, and he also seeks fame when he is drunk. Yuanming is only halal, and he talks and laughs all his life. The body is like a bamboo, covering the leaves of the crowd. The pitch has its own state, and the wine poem is self-contained. This is an unprecedented feat in the history of Chinese literature. Tao Yuanming was not valued by the world during his lifetime, he was a very lonely writer, and his works were not selected in the "Anthology" edited by Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming. Fortunately, Tao Yuanming was recognized by Li Bai, Du Fu and others in the Tang Dynasty, and showed his talent in the history of literature. In the process of reading Tao's poems, Su Shi discovered his artistic value and personality charm. He learned from Tao Yuanming to live a pastoral life, cultivated land in Dongpo, and was happy to forget his worries, and since then "Dongpo Layman" has spread all over the world. In his letter to Su Zhe, Su Shi said that there are two keys to his appreciation of Tao's poems: first, the poems are good; The two of them are good. He said: "However, I am in Yuanming, how can I be good only for his poetry, and as a person, I am really touching." Su Shi believes that Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and went into hiding, with a great personality, and he "has been in office for more than 30 years", and he has lost his true nature and lost his original personality in the officialdom. Therefore, Su Shi wrote and Tao poems because he admired Tao Yuanming's personality, during which there was Su Shi's profound self-blame, self-blame for not succumbing to officialdom in order to retain human nature, and self-blame for losing self and submitting to rights. This is the topic of personality that Su Shi introduced in his discussion of wine, and the enlightenment to people is profound and long-lasting.
Su Shi "North Journey Post"
Su Shi's poems and articles are good in calligraphy, and his achievements are difficult for later generations to reach the peak of humanity, and this is related to his drinking. Many of his poems use the power of wine to vividly display and release his thoughts and talents. Su Shi does not have high requirements for his life, simple and real, as he said, he is content with "a piano, a pot of wine, and a stream of clouds", or sings the heroic "Dajiangdong Go", or whispers the poignant "The world is a big dream", the "pot of wine" always soothes and warms Su Shi's heart, and poetry is the best way for him to express and vent his emotions.
The drinker Su Dongpo, the poetry and wine Su Dongpo, has had great ups and downs in his life, his reputation has reached its peak, and it has fallen to the bottom. "I am not an escape from the world, but an opportunity to escape from the world", Su Shi does not want to escape from the world, as long as he escapes all kinds of intrigues in real life. He is a person who loves life, and he is full of helplessness in life, so he raised a glass to drink to drown his sorrows, and wrote poems with a pen, which became his best choice. Su Dongpo is a real drinker created by that era, although he has gone through countless embarrassing twists and tribulations, he is still a generation of writers who shine with the glory of the times.
Editor-in-charge: He Jing New Media Editor: Li Lingjun
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